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Electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation are treatment methods based on the same removal mechanism.In this study, it was investigated the effectiveness of coagulation methods using Al electrodes and Al2(SO4)3.18H2O on the wastewaters from cardboard production.In the electrocoagulation experiments, the optimum current and pH where the highest COD removal efficiency by 54% was achieved were determined respectively as 10A and 6.62.The study also it was seen that 58%COD removal was reached for the KCl concentration of 0.5 mg/L that was applied.In the chemical coagulation study, the highest removal efficiencies were obtained as 36%, 95% and 97% for respectively COD, color and turbidity.The results show that higher efficiency could be achieved by electrocoagulation as a pre-treatment step. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recycling of post-consumer waste materials is gaining increased interest due to public awareness, legislative promotion and imposition, economic benefits and appropriate technologies being available. The present paper does not deal with municipal solid waste as such, but only with the recyclable constituents. The paper does not aim at presenting recycling process details and/or fundamental research results, but reviews the major recyclables with their reuse potential, recycling technologies used, problems, solutions and potential areas of future research and development. These target recyclables include paper and cardboard, aluminium cans, glass beverage bottles, scrap metal and steel cans, scrap tyres, batteries and household hazardous waste. The present paper sets the overall picture and deals with paper, cardboard and aluminium cans only. A second part of the paper assesses the other target recyclables. The assessment of the waste availability, the existing and currently developed recovery and recycling technologies, and the economically rewarding markets while recycling, stress the technical, economic and environmental importance of this waste management sector. The activities associated with the recovery and recycling of post-consumer wastes require a strong sustainable engineering input at all phases of the treatment, from input quality control, to the selection of the most appropriate technology and the delivery of the recyclables as readily reusable feedstock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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