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A fundamental element of quality healthcare is that provision is accessible to all users and culturally sensitive to them. However, there is evidence to suggest that there is inequity of provision across all cultures. Furthermore, there is a paucity of published research in the United Kingdom concerning palliative care for minority ethnic families with a life-threatened or life-limited child or young person. The article sets out to discuss the findings of a literature review and, drawing on current work by the Centre for Children and Families Applied Research at Coventry University under the leadership of Professor Jane Coad, to explore the interface between South Asian cultures and the experience of palliative care services of children, young peoples, and families. All families require a broad range of services which are appropriately delivered and accessible throughout the trajectory of their child's illness. The literature review findings reveal that how families understand concepts such as health and disease arise from the complex interaction between personal experience and cultural lifestyle including language, family values, and faith. There is an urgent need to involve South Asian families in research in order to provide a robust evidence-base on which to develop service provision so that care is matched to the unique needs of individuals concerned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a Bourdieusian field analysis to unpack the intersection among sexuality, place, and mobility through an ethnographic study of Taiwanese gay men's trips to Bangkok. It unveils that how the societal cause of 'Eastern orientation'— a racialised sexual desire for 'white Asians' among Thai gay men — and other material circumstances have transformed distinct scales of territory, including nation-states and gay establishments, into nuanced yet not thoroughly disparate sexual fields. Such nuances are closely associated with gay men's intra-Asian mobility between Thailand and Taiwan that I elucidate through the concept of 'sexuality on the move.' This concept suggests that individuals' geographical movements may diversify their sexual habitus as well as fluctuate their tiers of desirability and vice versa, delineating how different aspects of human sexuality are reshaping and reshaped during or after their embodied mobility. At the same time, their yearning for sexuality alterations also shapes the pattern of individuals' trans-national and intra-urban movements. Moreover, the paper underscores that these alterations are not just objective reality but these gay men's subjective belief which, along with their sexual desire, embodied practices and personal experiences composing a conceptual 'circuit of sex and tourism', attracting and captivating gay men to participate in and then be obsessed with this form of sexual/touristic practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diasporic communities, and in particular ethnic-specific associations, are known for offering invaluable support to immigrants. This support may range from the practical (connecting people with jobs and housing), to the emotional (helping people to adapt to their new environment) to the spiritual (providing people with opportunities to practice their faith). While much is known about the role and importance of diasporic communities in assisting immigrants under ordinary circumstances, less is known about the capacity of these communities to mobilise during times of crisis. This paper examines how diasporic communities provided care for South Asian immigrants and international students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Through an analysis of interviews with key stakeholders representing South Asian-focused associations, different levels of government, as well as non-governmental organizations in Ontario, Canada, the paper contributes a deeper understanding of the role of diasporic social capital and the value of this capital during times of acute need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This response to Kris Yi's paper, Asian American Experience: The Illusion of Inclusion and the Model Minority Stereotype considers the ways in which we are libidinally invested in structures of Whiteness. Using queer theory as well as critical race and postcolonial theory, this paper questions the impossibilities of inclusion and the inescapable seduction of Whiteness. Centering Fanon's writing on decolonization, this paper argues for the necessity of violence, intrapsychically as well as interpersonally, for structures to fundamentally change rather than seeking inclusion within already existing organizational models that have been informed by exclusivity and whiteness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies of racism against migrants have recently attempted to move away from the presumed dichotomy between whites and "Others", yet the focus is still on white people racialising others: whether Black, Asian or Muslim. Attending only to white versus Others homogenizes select groups of non-whites including Asians. Racialization and racism by Asians and among Asians have also been ignored. Consequently, there is a dearth of studies on issues of race in non-white settings. Through engaging the themes of co-ethnicity, intersectionality and postcoloniality, this special issue contributes to extant studies in three ways through 1) examining new geographical sites of racialization and racism; 2) illuminating racialization and racism beyond the white/Other binary; and 3) introducing new dynamics in racialization and racist discourses, including intersectional factors such as nationality, class, gender, language, religion, temporal framings and postcoloniality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Asian Neuropsychological Association (ANA) is a recently established cultural identity-based organization with the mission to ensure accessibility and provision of culturally sensitive neuropsychological services for individuals of Asian descent. One of ANA's programmatic goals has been to foster a pipeline of neuropsychologists through mentoring and networking. In this paper, we aim to understand the historical context as well as unique considerations that are relevant for mentoring in the Asian American community. A search of the existing literature in psychology and allied fields such as counseling and sociology was conducted to identify and formulate suggestions for mentoring culturally diverse communities, with a specific focus on Asian Americans. Firsthand narrative descriptions of effective examples of mentoring experiences in the context of shared values are discussed. This paper reviews the historical context and establishes an initial contextual foundation for increasing knowledge about best practices that can be used to establish effective mentoring relationships for Asian Americans. Six key considerations were identified: model minority myth, acculturation and enculturation, ethno-racial status and gender, the context of communication, quantity and quality of mentorship, and unique values specific to the Asian American community. Our findings identify the value of cultural identity-based organizations in creating communities that can support the professional development of future neuropsychologists at various career stages. Overall, findings have implications for maintaining the relevance of the field of neuropsychology in adequately serving an increasingly culturally diverse national and international population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The prevailing scientific literature aggregates Asians living in America into one omnibus category and thus can problematically result in a subpar and at times inaccurate understanding of health, social and cultural factors necessary for competent and informed medical care. Method: A literature search was conducted by cultural experts familiar with Asian Indian culture with a focus on immigrants from this community living in the US. Database using search engines was sought in the following domains: immigration patterns, prevalence for key medical and neurological conditions commonly associated with cognitive dysfunction, psychiatric/psychological needs in the community, some preliminary neuropsychological testing considerations while working with this community, and treatment considerations that could affect adherence and efficacy of outcomes. Articles were selected from 2000 to the most recent date, with emphasis on compiling information from review papers and meta-analysis from the past decade. Conclusions: Asian Indians living in the US are distinct from the larger Asian American community. Immigration trends underscore that Asian Indians have a bimodal distribution of wealth. Regarding medical conditions, a key and highly concerning finding is the higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, especially in young males. The lack of non-existent cognitive data in this community is glaring and should serve as an impetus for conducting high-priority research in this community. Preliminary neuropsychological testing considerations are discussed from a practical perspective with emphasis on multilingualism and region of origin. Finally, treatment considerations include understanding attitudes and beliefs regarding traditional medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Racial and ethnic minorities like Asians in the United States are significantly less likely to receive mental health treatment than Caucasians. Using 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, we examined the underutilization of mental health treatment in the US and find that being over 65 or 35–44, being unmarried, and being insured were positively associated with mental health treatment utilization, and as mentally unhealthy days increased, the utilization of treatment also increased. The paper offers a discussion on why there is this underutilization of mental health services amongst Asians and what steps can be taken to improve utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates existing theories regarding women's participation in top government positions by applying these theories to Asia through a qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). Thus, this paper aims to identify the conditions necessary and/or sufficient for women to break the political glass ceiling in Asia. Overall, the results show that political parties in democratic or hybrid regimes support different types of female candidates depending on the party's ideology and political scenario. More specifically, there are three alternative pathways for a party to be successful when selecting a female candidate in Asia. Conditions that were previously necessary in the region, such as family ties to political dynasties or contexts of instability or transition, are no longer necessary. New opportunities in specific socio-political contexts are arising for women who aim to reach the highest office in the country but do not belong to political dynasties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to see how Asian countries in this special volume (Japan, South Korea, Vietnam, Singapore, and Indonesia) are looking at China in chronological and comparative perspectives, using Global Attitudes Survey data conducted by Pew Research Center would be the best way because they cover the data from 2002 to 2019 as of now. We can get a lot of insights on different views of the rise of China in Asia through the analysis of Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Survey data, but there are some inconveniences. Some data in Asian countries are lacking, and the timing of survey is different from one country to another, which makes it difficult to compare the results across the countries. In order to overcome such limitations, this paper uses the second wave and third wave data of Asian Student Survey. Main findings of the analysis are as follows. As of 2018, Singapore and Indonesia were comparatively positively viewing the influence of China, while Vietnam was viewing it negatively, and Japan and South Korea were in-between. The changes in these five years, however, were different from country to country. Changing views of Chinese toward Asian countries were basically symmetrical to those of Asian countries toward China. In these surveyed countries, "peaceful rise frame" was the most powerful determinant of the views of China, which explains why views of China were worsening in these countries. But the concrete determinants of the views were different from one country to another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in hostile behavior targeted at Asian people is a concern that school districts must address. To respond well, educators need to apply effective methods for preventing this problem. One of the ways they can achieve this goal is by implementing a culturally responsive approach to teaching. Another involves using effective anti-bullying programs. This paper provides details about the importance of implementing these strategies to prevent anti-Asian attacks. It also provides several examples of anti-Asian incidents that occurred shortly after the COVID-19 pandemic began. A few historical events involving the hostile treatment of Asian people are included to provide a context for understanding this problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personal recovery is a relatively novel concept in many Asian countries, and recovery-oriented interventions are usually adapted from western conceptualizations of recovery. To understand what personal recovery in mental health means to people in Asia, what meanings they give to their conditions, and what factors they perceive as hindering or facilitating their recovery. The review focused on peer-reviewed papers published in English between the years 2000 and 2020. Arksey and O'Malley 5-stage method was used to guide the review. Thirty studies were included. Personal recovery in Asia meant a return to a pre-illness state and involved a transformative process. Mental illness was explained as being biomedically oriented, although religious/culturally bound explanations were also present in some studies. Social support, religion, meaningful activities, supportive professionals, and personalized coping strategies were viewed as supporting recovery. Religious stigma, discrimination, gendered norms, and negative societal perceptions of mental illness hindered recovery. The concept of personal recovery in Asia is extremely diverse. Studies exploring personal recovery among people experiencing mental illness in Asia remains in its early stages and more research is needed to better understand how it is conceptualized. Such knowledge could benefit frontline implementation of recovery-oriented services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As shown by the recent increase in anti-Asian racism and violence worldwide, the label of "model minority" is flawed and fails to capture the breadth and depth of the experiences of Asian people. Our paper is the first to provide a scoping review of empirical research (ninety-seven studies) that examine the social, educational and health and wellbeing impacts of the model minority myth (MMM) for people of Asian descent in white-majority countries. Key findings indicate that the MMM is complex and contradictory and is present across multiple sectors. Therefore, the MMM needs to be understood holistically as a structural issue that has implications for reinforcing racial inequities. Future research should adopt multilevel frameworks and methods to further understand community and structural impacts of the MMM on people of Asian descent internationally and consider how the MMM contributes to a white racial grammar that normalizes racial stratification and racist structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: Association of interleukin-10 (IL-10) polymorphism with diabetes and its complication was recently established, while there were few kinds of research considering the potential role of IL-10 in gestational diabetes (GDM). This study aimed to systematically review the association between serum IL-10 level and GDM susceptibility. Methods: A comprehensive literature search for the published studies in PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), and Google Scholar databases was performed for English language papers published up to 31st July 2020. Following key terms were used: “Cytokine level” OR “Interleukin-10” OR “IL-10,” OR “Pro-inflammatory Cytokines” OR “gestational diabetes mellitus” OR “GDM.” Fixed or random-effects models were used to estimate the pooled SDM and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Begg’s funnel plot was used to assess the potential for publication bias. Results: In our meta-analysis, a total of ten studies for the risk of GDM involving 609 GDM cases and 664 controls were included. No significant association between IL-10 levels and risk of GDM as compared to control subjects (SMD = - 0.09, 95% CI = -0.73 to 0.55). Subgroup analysis based on ethnicity also does not reveal any association between IL-10 levels and risk of GDM as compared to control subjects has more or less similar trends in Caucasian (SMD = - 0.07, 95% CI = - 0.58 to 0.45) as well as Asian population (SMD = -0.03, 95% CI = - 1.56 to 1.49). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the serum IL-10 level may not be significantly associated with an increased risk of susceptibility to GDM. Further well-designed prospective studies embedded with a large sample size are needed to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This paper focuses on the reasons for the under-representation of British South Asians in substance use services. Based on a small-scale evaluation of a substance use service that delivers targeted outreach support within two predominantly Pakistani and Bangladeshi communities in the north west of England, this paper contributes to the debate around how substance use services can best engage with young British Pakistani and Bangladeshi substance users. Methods: Semi-structured interviews (with six staff members, 18 young Pakistani and Bangladeshi service users, and 18 stakeholders and partner agencies), a detailed ethnographic observation of the service, and an analysis of routinely collected quantitative monitoring data. Findings: The paper highlights the importance of what Fountain terms low threshold/open access services. Alongside this, the paper argues that the building of trust and confidence in a substance use service is a key when it comes to engaging with young Pakistani and Bangladeshi substance users. Yet this necessary process takes time: something that is at odds with the current trend towards short-term funding regimes and 'quick wins'. Conclusions: The paper concludes by advocating the need for, not only a diverse range of engagement strategies, but also a longer term approach when it comes to developing and delivering substance use services aimed at successfully engaging with this particular group of substance users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender (in)equality in entrepreneurship has been getting more attention in recent decades. The number of female entrepreneurs repeatedly reported less than males due to cultural issues, education, and lack of support. Moreover, launching start-up apiaries is more challenging for Asian women in tourism, and the likelihood of unsuccessful experiences is higher among them. Accordingly, the lack of empirical material on female entrepreneurs in tourism and gender equality issues, especially in middle east countries, are the two main gaps. Therefore, this paper tries to reveal the Iranian female entrepreneurship experience to fulfil these gaps. This research applied a qualitative research design leading with social constructivism and critical theory. 12 Iranian female tourism entrepreneurs participated in semi-structured online interviews. The snowball sampling technique was applied to collect data that was analysed thematically. The findings of this study highlighted that family responsibility, legal disparities, credit constraints, and the social construction of gender roles and norms are among the hurdles restricting females from engaging in social and economic opportunities. Moreover, the participants mentioned that the lack of social, government, and sponsors' support and a platform for training and sharing peers' experiences impact their businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In August 1972, the Ugandan dictator General Idi Amin Dada expelled the 70,000-strong Asian community from the country on charges of economic sabotage, corruption, and refusal to integrate with the majority. The accusations that Asian Ugandans faced at the time were reiterated almost half a century later in South Africa while the country experienced its worst civil conflict since the country's transition to democracy in the early 1990s. The coastal port of Durban, home to the largest population of Indians outside of India, became the epicentre of the violence and saw ethnic tensions between the Afro-Indian community explode with ferocity as racism reared its ugly head. Amid the violence and in the aftermath of it, strong anti-Indian sentiments characterized the entire narrative of the riots with one distinct characterization that Indians are the "Jew of Africa". Delving into this indictment, this paper analyzes this claim by exploring discrimination against the Jewish people and comparing this to the "Jews of Africa's" own predilection. At its crux, the research highlights the dangers of scapegoating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses autoethnographic storytelling to examine the perpetually silenced space I occupy as an Asian immigrant teacher educator in the United States. Guided by four tenets of AsianCrit, I weave together fragments of my lifeworld that both fuel and challenge my position as a teacher educator in the hope of establishing fragile connectivities with other Asian American teachers and expanding the limited presence of Asian American voices in the field of teacher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the short courses offered by the Oriental Techniques of Paper Conservation. The activity is scheduled on May up until June 1984. It will be directed by Katsushiko Masuda from the Tokyo National Institute of Cultural Properties. The International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM) had given out a word that they will no longer accept applications for course similar to this scheduled earlier. However, there is another course that is planned by the Masuda in cooperation with ICCROM.

In investigating gender roles, a number of Asian scholars from the Confucian-sphere see the basic categories of public and private, which originated in ancient Greece and flourished after the Industrial Revolution, as less appropriate than I nei-wai i (inner/outer) for examining gender systems in China and elsewhere in East Asia.[1] Given that ancient China was permeated by Confucian culture, any discussion of I nei-wai i and gender in those times must refer to the concepts of I jia-guo yiti i (the identity of family and the state) and I jia-guo tonggou i (isomorphism of family and the state), both frequently used by academics at home and abroad to express the relationship between the family and the state. All this shows that contemporary China may still have a long way to go before the father's "absence" is transformed into loving care and before gender roles and the I nei-wai i distinction implicit therein undergo a change. Overall, putting today's sociological interpretation of I jia-guo yiti i and I jia-guo tonggou i together with Professor Du's paper, we can see the following historical changes. [Extracted from the article]

Currently, the confrontation between two global giants, the United States and China, in trade and technology advancement and hegemony in international politics is escalating. The possibility of a Sino-U.S. economic "war," or the so-called "new Cold War," not only indicates the escalation of this confrontation but also symptomizes the international order's transformation as a result of the change in power balance and rise of a challenger against the existing United States–led international liberal order. Most IR specialists focus on the prospects of this confrontation and its uncertain worldwide circumstances and are concerned about its impact on East Asian/Asia Pacific regional circumstances. Among them, prospects regarding regionalism and regional institutions in Asia seem pessimistic. However, Asian regionalism was activated following the decline in United States' power and rise of China as a global power, and the international liberal order's retreat became visible toward the end of the 2000s. Furthermore, even under the uncertain situations created by the Sino-U.S. confrontation, regional powers, including China, Japan, and the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), are promoting their multilateral approach by proposing and advancing various regional frameworks. This indicates that each regional power is adopting the "institutional hedging" strategy to ensure that their individual interests are satisfied and the regional order is comfortable for themselves. This paper verifies that regionalism and regional institutions have become important as measures of regional power for countries' institutional hedging strategies to overcome the challenges posed by the beginning of regional uncertainties and that Asian regionalism is more active today than ever before. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines consumer self-referencing as a mechanism for explaining ethnicity effects in advertising. Data was collected from a 2 (model ethnicity: Asian, white) x 2 (product stereotypicality: stereotypical, nonstereotypical) experiment. Measured independent variables included participant ethnicity and self-referencing. Results show that (1) Asians exhibit greater self-referencing of Asian models than do whites; (2) self-referencing mediates ethnicity effects on attitudes (i.e., attitude toward the model, attitude toward the ad, brand attitudes, and purchase intentions); (3) high-self-referencing Asians have more favorable attitude toward the ad and purchase intentions than low-self-referencing Asians; and (4) Asian models advertising atypical products generate more serf-referencing and more favorable attitudes toward the model, Aad, and purchase intentions from both Asians and whites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research on gender relations has overlooked the similarities and differences among East Asian societies. To fill this gap, this study investigated the association among men's gender-role attitudes, the actual share of housework, and perceptions of fairness in housework division, and how it differs across four East Asian societies. Using data from the 2012 International Social Survey Programme, the results demonstrated that Japanese and Taiwanese men had more egalitarian attitudes than mainland Chinese and South Koreans, while mainland Chinese men did more housework. Korean men held the most traditional gender-role attitudes and were least likely to feel they did less than their fair share. The paper concludes with implications for the gender revolution, suggesting policies should promote men's involvement in the family besides helping mothers balance work and family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines Chinese international students' lived experiences of being stigmatized during the early onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. To understand their dual-marginalization due to Othered Chinese-ness (e.g. racialized immigrant Others and foreigner Asians) and presumed contagiousness (e.g. suspected, diseased, and infectious), we adopt co-cultural theory to centralize their experiences of coping with COVID-related stigmatization. Semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis demonstrate how Chinese students in this study heightened their sensitivity to ambiguous yet hostile stigmatization and how they often opted for nonassertive, non-confrontational, and threat-avoiding coping strategies. We reflect on how current health and racism crises further marginalize immigrant Others in general and Chinese immigrants in particular. We conclude with discussing theoretical application of co-cultural theory to understand stigmatizing and stigmatized health communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent discoveries in north-west China and the Central Asian steppes have shed new light on the study of power display and material connections amongst nomadic groups during the development of gold-making technology in Iron Age Eurasia. Bringing together material science and archaeological approaches, this paper presents an interdisciplinary study of serially produced gold artefacts recovered from the elite burials of north-west China, to gain a better understanding of the inventive nature of early gold-making industry. In particular, we find that the technology used to craft the gold appliqués found in the Xigou cemetery (3rd-2nd centuries BCE) in north-west China attested to the use of moulds or matrices for serial production, closely linked to technological practice of the central Asians steppes. We consider the spread of the peculiar technique and iconography as a tangible way to examine technology transfer and cultural interactions. The contextual analysis reveals that the mould-pressing technique, the animal-style gold artefacts, and the burial practice of using prestigious gold as body adornment constitute a shared set of material expressions of the status and power of nomadic elites in north-west China, Kazakhstan and southern Siberia. Technological practice, in turn, opens up new research avenues in the field, recalibrating our recognition and understanding the active involvement of material objects in human life and culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetics is increasingly defining how we understand health and disease, affecting for some, their understanding of inherited disease, and the meaning of medical genetic information. When interpretations of hereditary conditions are determined, partly, by one's familial experience of heritable characteristics and partly by various other lived experiences, the meaning of genetics becomes highly personal. Through descriptions of stocks of knowledge, this paper describes findings from a qualitative study with a cohort of Black and Asian women with family and personal histories of cancer, about their interpretations of their genetic tests. We describe their interpretations as shaped by different experiences of biomedical practice as well as familial experiences of cancer and genetic testing; and we introduce a metaphor of "moving within a landscape," to show how those interpretations were created and influenced by various sources of knowledge and life experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives.A systematic review and synthesis of quantitative and qualitative research were undertaken to examine attitudes to deceased donation and registration as an organ donor among ethnic minorities in the UK and North America. Design.A systematic search and assessments of relevance and quality were conducted. Parallel syntheses were then undertaken of 14 quantitative and 12 qualitative papers followed by their integration. The synthesis was organised around five barriers that emerged as key issues: (1) knowledge regarding deceased donation and registration as a donor; (2) discussion of donation/registration with family members; (3) faith and cultural beliefs; (4) bodily concerns including disfigurement and intactness; and (5) trust in doctors and the health care system. Results.In all countries, knowledge of organ donation and registration remained low despite public campaigns, with African-Americans and Black African and Black Caribbean populations in the UK often regarding organ donation as a ‘white’ issue. Each of the four attitudinal barriers was also more prevalent among ethnic minorities compared with the majority population. However, the significance of trust and uncertainties regarding religion/faith differed between groups, reflecting salient aspects of ethnic identity and experiences. Differences were also identified within ethnic groups associated with age and generation, although respect for the views of elders often influenced younger peoples' willingness to donate. Conclusion.There is a need for a more nuanced understanding of ethnicity and of variations in attitudes associated with country of origin, age/generation, socio-economic status and area of residence, to inform public campaigns and promote sensitive discussions with bereaved ethnic minority families. The traditional focus on knowledge and attitudes also requires to be complemented by a greater emphasis on organisational and service-related barriers and changes required to enhance ethnic minorities' access to registration as a donor and consent to deceased donation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper improves on the widely used residual method in order to estimate the magnitude of capital flight in eight Asian economies over the period of 1980-2004. The paper argues that as capital flight is a drain on financial resources for development, it is more appropriate to measure it against the size of the financial market, which can be proxied by money aggregate, in contrast to the common practice of measuring it as a percentage of gross domestic product. Using this more appropriate new measure, we find that capital flight is more severe in some financially underdeveloped countries than has been suggested previously. It is also found that while capital flight could be a dormant sideshow in a benign economic environment, it could have considerable impact on the availability of financial resources when activated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores issues about the concepts of social capital and multiculturalism, and how their use impact on the lives of South Asian women. The aim of the paper is to contribute to current research on ethnicity and social capital by providing insights into the lived experiences of South Asian women in minority ethnic communities. It raises questions about power and structural inequalities based on gender and race, and points out how the two concepts are fraught with difficulties. It is suggested that multiculturalism simultaneously encourages and erodes relations of trust, obligations and reciprocity that feature prominently in definitions of social capital. Social capital and multiculturalism can therefore be thought of as existing in a relationship of tension. The paper begins by asking whether social capital is enabling or disabling and outlines the ways in which it has been conceptualized and its applicability to ‘the community’ and women in general. It directs us to the gender-blind analysis of social capital which has been contested by feminist scholars who point to the inherent paradox it generates. It is argued that multiculturalism operates at different levels, and in the context of minority ethnic communities multiculturalism can result in compounding structural inequalities and the oppression of women. On a more optimistic note the paper suggests that women, even under the most oppressive conditions, are able to create networks and organizations to challenge unacceptable cultural practices. Cet article examine les enjeux relatifs au capital social et au multiculturalisme et la manière dont leur utilisation influence la vie des femmes originaires du sous-continent Indien. Le but est d'apporter une contribution aux recherches actuelles sur l'ethnicité et le capital social en donnant des aperçus des expériences vécues par les femmes du sous-continent Indien des groupes ethniques minoritaires. La question du pouvoir et des inégalités structurelles fondées sur les concepts de race et de genre seront examinées; on démontrera que ces deux concepts sont remplis de difficultés. Nous suggérons que le multiculturalisme encourage et mine à la fois les relations de confiance, les obligations et la réciprocité éléments majeurs dans la définition du capital social sont à la fois encouragées et minées par le multiculturalisme. On peut donc penser qu'il y a une relation de tension entre le capital social et le multiculturalisme. D'emblée, nous posons la question de savoir si le capital social est positif ou négatif; et précise les modalités de sa conception, utilisation et de son applicabilité à la communauté et aux femmes en général. Ceci nous amène à analyser le concept du capital social sans différenciation sexuelle, concept contesté par les féministes pour qui il comporte un paradoxe inhérent. Nous soutenons que le multiculturalisme opère à plusieurs niveaux et, dans le contexte des communautés ethniques minoritaires, il peut mener à une accumulation des inégalités structurelles et à l'oppression des femmes. Sur un ton plus optimiste, l'article suggère que les femmes — mêmes sous des conditions des plus opprimantes — sont capables de créer des réseaux et des organisations pour contrer les pratiques culturelles inacceptables. capital social, multiculturalisme, femmes, communantés, ethniqnes minoritaires, oppression, agence politique [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

London's selection as hosts for the 2012 Olympic Games was a significant moment for Britain. It was a chance to reinforce, through sport, a collective and inclusive British national identity. Most international sporting contests draw on English rather than British loyalties and identity constructions. This might have been especially important for members of the large British Asian diaspora, many of whom feel excluded from ethnically exclusive and narrowly White notions of 'Englishness'. This paper is framed within a post-London 2012 period and examines the role of sport in constructing and negotiating British Asian national identities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with young British Asians in two English cities. For those who rejected an English national identity through sport, the Games presented an opportunity to connect with a more inclusive British version of sporting allegiance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domestic violence (DV) has serious implications for the welfare of South Asian (SA) women in the United States. Previous studies have identified significantly lower rates of help-seeking among SA women compared to the dominant culture and other cultural groups. However, there are no scoping reviews that summarize the literature to identify strategies for intervention and future research in order to promote faster and larger systemic wide change that is urgently necessary to meet the needs of this vulnerable population. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to review and synthesize empirical studies that explore the socio-cultural factors related to the help-seeking behavior of SA women primarily in the United States. Forty-five English language peer reviewed articles met the inclusion criteria. The socio-cultural factors identified in the reviewed studies using a descriptive analytical method with a narrative review are patriarchy, acculturation, socioeconomic status, cultural competency, and immigration status. Implications for research and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foreigners who arrive in the United States experience a process of racialization by which they adjust to the new racial realities of their host society. This paper presents a unique longitudinal study of racialization, drawing upon 30 interviews with 15 Chinese international students conducted twice per respondent over six months. The first interviews were carried out within two weeks of the students' arrival in the U.S. to capture their pre-migration racial schemas and racial identity. Upon their arrival in the U.S., Chinese students primarily understand the concept of 'race' through the paradigm of nationality and racially identified as Chinese. Just half a year later, however, there was a striking shift towards a conceptualisation of race that emphasises phenotype over nationality, and some respondents began to identify with the pan-national racial label 'Asian.' I argue that these changes can be attributed to the process of racialization in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that an important part of the work that remains to be done in Asian Australian studies is at the frontline of academia—teaching. In a world of contrarily increasing mobility and cultural apathy, how do we convey the relevance of Asia to students without resorting to the discourses of Asia as the exotic other and/or as a market? In what ways can “Asia literacy” be interpreted for a student body whose identities are becoming both more complex and syncretic? We suggest that university teachers are uniquely positioned to equip students with an understanding of Asia that is more processual than factual and more attitudinal than learnt. Drawing on the experience of teaching over a decade in Perth and Brisbane, we reflect on how the task has changed over the years, what the typical obstacles/barriers faced are, and what students understand Asia literacy to mean in the midst of the political and media discourses surrounding Asia today. Finally, we reflect on how our own experiences of such teaching emerges from our own sense of being and belonging as Australians of Asian origins. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper draws on ethnographic research carried out in Birmingham, UK – a city significant for its sizeable Muslim population and its iconic role in the history of minority ethnic settlement in Britain – to consider how associations of place and ethnicity work in different ways to inform ideas about ‘Muslim community’ in twenty-first-century Britain. The paper charts happenings around a local event in an area of majority Asian settlement and how representations of the area as a place of Muslim community were used to implicate it in the ‘war on terror’. The paper goes on to show how this sensibility is disrupted by Muslims themselves through alternative engagements with space and ethnicity. The paper argues that these offer a ground for making Muslim community in ways that actively engage with histories and patterns of ethnic settlement in the city rather than being determined by them. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper reports Phase II findings of an exploratory study of 26 families who have adopted children with Asian heritage, where at least one parent is Asian American. In-depth interviews provided a rich exploration of parents' motivations to kin through adoption, the ways in which race and ethnicity factored into their child-selection preferences (if at all), their assumptions about their ability to create kinship bonds with an adopted child, and strategies for racial and ethnic socialization. The themes of approximating or performing family and inconspicuousness were repeated by parents when they considered how race and ethnicity factored into child-selection preferences and their assumptions about creating kinship bonds. The adoptive parents in this study were measured and nuanced in weighing the role of race and ethnicity for Asian adoptees, but the implicit strategies of modeling, mentoring, and intergenerational transmission were described less as strategies, and more about belonging and being a part of an extended tribe that was more authentic because of a shared identity as Asian Americans. Ultimately the question of whose interests are being served when race and ethnicity are considered has been dynamic and shifting throughout adoption history. This study sought to contribute in a small part to moving the conversation beyond the polarized Black-White racialized paradigm and provides direction for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines a theoretical model of how perceived parental, teacher, and peer support in adolescence mediate the pathway from cybervictimisation to psychological distress and further examines how the interrelationships of cybervictimisation, perceived support, and psychological distress differ between countries and genders. A cross-societal probability sample of 1,932 middle school students was collected from Taiwan and Chinese Mainland. The results of structural equation modelling analysis showed that cybervictimisation has a significant direct association with psychological distress and stronger indirect association through parental support. Similar results were found across countries and genders. The findings imply that the perceived support in adolescence plays an important mediating role in the pathway from cybervictimisation to psychological distress. This suggests that developing or incorporating social support into an intervention on cybervictimisation could effectively prevent further psychological distress in both genders and in both countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asian's gross domestic product (GDP) will reach 52% of the world's entire GDP in 2050,[13] and China's share of global GDP jumped from 3.05% in 2000, to 13.68% in 2010, and then 18.33% in 2020.[14] China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was introduced by President Xi Jinping in 2013 during his visits to Kazakhstan and Indonesia. Instead, by examining the case of the Benban solar plant in Egypt, they discuss whether Chinese renewable energy investments in the region should be read within the wider global political economy of decarbonization, or as an element of China's geostrategic positioning in the Eastern Mediterranean. This special issue examines the increasing engagement of Asian countries in the Eastern Mediterranean. Taking China's BRI as opportunities for Greece and Cyprus as an example, more and more Eastern Mediterranean countries believe China is a balancing factor that supports their economic problems and geopolitical struggles. [Extracted from the article]

Currently published papers regarding the relationship between integrin alpha V (ITGAV) gene polymorphisms and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are contradictory. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the associations between the ITGAV gene polymorphisms and RA risk. Comprehensive literature search based on four electronic databases was applied to retrieve all related data. Two independent reviewers screened each article for eligibility according to the predetermined inclusion criteria. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to assess associations between ITGAV gene polymorphisms and RA. Six articles involving 5794 RA patients and 5297 healthy controls were included in this meta-analysis. The combined data indicated that rs3911238, rs3738919, rs3768777, and rs10174098 in ITGAV gene were not associated with RA risk in the overall population. However, stratification analysis by ethnicity suggested that rs3768777 was related with risk of RA among Caucasian population (OR 3.51, 95%CI 2.06, 5.97; P < 0.0001), but not among Asian population (OR 1.06, 95%CI 0.67, 1.69; P = 0.81). Our meta-analysis confirmed that the ITGAV gene rs3768777 polymorphisms might be a risk factor among Caucasians. However, larger-scale studies in Caucasian population are still warranted to confirm the findings of our study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how academic sojourners, unfamiliar with the local language and culture, accessed casual leisure through mobile instant messaging during a short stay of one or two semesters in South Korea. Ninety-six English-speaking academic sojourners on Korean government scholarships covering tuition, room and board in exchange for contact with local university students seeking informal English language practice took part in this study. They represent a shift in academic sojourner mobility from outbound Asian students seeking language study in English-speaking countries to inbound English-speakers providing language support within Asia. Qualitative analysis revealed how casual leisure, the features of South Korea's advanced digital environment and mobile instant messaging chat rooms coalesced. The findings show how local digital practices complement casual leisure access and how digital practices can become casual leisure despite limits in language ability and cultural understanding. It recommends further exploration of links between leisure, digital environments and mobile instant messaging in other research settings that are experiencing flows of globally mobile populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel approach to in situ performance testing using automated plate load testing (APLT) was adopted to verify the design of a 45.67 km agricultural corridor with chip seal surfaced roadway on Highway Route-39 between El Carbón and Bonito Oriental in Olancho and Colón, Honduras. The pavement design included a geogrid-stabilised aggregate base layer, a granular subbase layer and subgrade using target resilient modulus (Mr) design values for each layer. Rutting 'failure' based at a specified number of equivalent single axle loads (ESALs) was adopted as the key performance indicator. The project specifications required verifying the design assumptions for the geogrid-stabilised base layer using in situ accelerated plate load testing. The testing involved repeated cyclic loading (1,000 cycles) tests with a multi-layered analysis sensor kit to determine the in situ Mr of the three-layered composite pavement system as well as the geogrid-stabilised base layer. The permanent deformation of the pavement system was measured and modelled to predict the number of loading cycles required to reach the 'failure' criteria assumed in the design. The results and the verification testing approach described in this paper should be of interest to the pavement design, geotechnical and construction engineering community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper arises out of a longitudinal study, which provides an in-depth exploration into the emotional and social dynamics of pre-adolescent girls' friendship groups as they relocate from their inner-city state primary school to their secondary schools (R. George & N. Browne [2000] Are you in or are you out? A study of girls' friendships in the primary phase of schooling, International Journal of Inclusive Education, 4(4), 289-300). The girls in this larger study encompass the diversity of ethnicities found in large urban communities, and how two of the girls manage and negotiate their friendships across ethnic divisions after school transfer from the primary to the secondary phase of education is the focus of this paper. Through discussion, interviews with the two girls, the girls' mothers and their teachers plus journal entries made by the girls, critical moments in the girls' schooling are analysed to explore how cultural shifts impact upon existing power relations amongst the girls, their teachers and their friends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In exploring elderly South Asian women's networks this paper critiques the predominant focus on kinship (based on descent and or affinity) that has been the prism through which South Asian women's lives have been explored. Through research carried out at weekly meetings attended by elderly South Asian women, this paper addresses the significance of friendships for migrant South Asian women. The paper highlights how networks are formed, maintained and alter according to the stage in the life course and geographical place. En étudiant les réseaux sociaux des femmes âgées, cet article critique l'attention portée sur la parenté (que ce soit d'ascendance ou par mariage) qui a servi de prisme à travers lequel la vie des femmes du sous-continent indien a été analysée. Se fondant sur une recherche menée au cours de réunions hebdomadaires à Londres auprès de femmes âgées du sous-continent indien, cet article étudie l'importance des relations amicales pour ces femmes migrantes. L'article souligne la manière dont les réseaux se forment, sont maintenus et transformés selon les étapes de la vie de ces personnes et leur origine géographique. amitié, sous-continent indien, migration, réseaux sociaux [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a situation in which an economically successful group of recent migrants (from the People's Republic of China) with strong transnational practices faces a hostile receiving state (Hungary) that makes no attempt to ‘integrate’ migrants and deals with them purely as a matter of restriction and control. This situation has given rise to two parallel but opposing narratives of the social position of the Chinese in Hungary: one produced by Hungarian officials and media which views the migrants as semi-criminal marginals, and one engaged in by Chinese officials and the migrants’ own media which portrays migrants as pioneering global modernisers. The paper juxtaposes the two narratives and asks how they can be produced and sustained without a clash. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few studies have examined the impact of government support and policies on immigrant services within ethnic enclaves. This paper seeks to address this gap and examines the structure and challenges of ethnic community based organizations (CBOs) that serve low income immigrant populations and the impact of government support and policies on these CBOs. The study utilized case study and ethnographic methodologies and examined 2 Chinese and 2 Vietnamese CBOs in the San Francisco Bay Area. The findings show that ethnic CBOs critically depend on government fiscal support for survival. In exchange for fiscal support, ethnic CBOs represent public assistance and legitimacy interests for government in immigrant communities. However, culturally proficient and community leadership resources of ethnic CBOs can serve as bargaining chips to secure government funding, reduce compliance to government demands, and advance immigrant community interests. Nevertheless, in times of government fiscal crisis, ethnic CBOs and immigrant services tend to be most vulnerable to budget cuts due to lack of political voice. In sum, government-community collaboration through ethnic CBOs has a central role to play in facilitating and strengthening health and human services for rapidly growing, culturally diverse immigrant populations. These collaborative efforts in immigrant services are vital to cultivating healthy immigrant human capital and multicultural communities across the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objectives. This paper will explore the social history of the transnational migration of foreign-trained doctors to western countries in the post-WWII era, by examining, as a case study, South Asian-trained doctors who were first licensed in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia between 1961 and 1971.Design. This article draws on both quantitative and qualitative primary sources. First, we analyzed the 1966 and 1971 copies of the Canadian Medical Directories (CMD), the annual compendium of all licensed practitioners in the country (over 20,000 practitioners). These CMD entries were supplemented by the annual returns of ‘intended occupation’ (those designated as ‘physician’ or ‘surgeon’) of landed immigrants to Canada, as compiled by the federal Department of Manpower and Immigration. Secondly, we analyzed testimony of 26 oral histories and narrative accounts of foreign-trained doctors being compiled as part of an ongoing multiyear program of research on the immigration of foreign-trained doctors to Canada. We have interviewed 14 doctors who, at one point in their career, practiced in Nova Scotia, 8 of whom were South Asian-trained medical practitioners. These oral interviews provide personal reflections on the process of professional and social acculturation that occurred as these foreign doctors settled in Canada.Results.The results of this paper indicate that the social history of the immigration of South Asian-trained doctors to Canada in the 1960s must be seen within a larger and more complicated pattern of the international migration of health care professionals. Indeed, the demand for foreign-trained doctors in Britain was in part a reflection of the out-migration of British-born doctors who were leaving the National Health Service for Canada, the USA, and Australia. And the demand in Canada for doctors was itself a reaction to the drift of a certain number of Canadian-trained doctors for advanced training in the USA.Conclusions. In this way, this article sheds important historical perspectives on the globalization of health human resources and the complicated, multiple migrations that continue to animate international health human resources today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to highlight how the degree of ethnic enclaves plays an important role in travel mode choices according to racial/ethnic groups in the Atlanta metropolitan areas in the US. This study finds that ethnic enclaves play a different role in travel mode choices according to the degree of ethnic enclaves, racial/ethnic groups, and travel purposes. For example, white people in low enclaves are more likely to take public transit for work (0.390), and black people in high enclaves are more apt to use household carpool, inter-household carpool, public transit, and walk/bike for school (1.545, 1.725, 1.205, 1.659, respectively) and public transit and walk/bike for other purposes (0.273 and 0.233, respectively). Asian people in high enclaves are more inclined to take household carpool for leisure (3.480), and Hispanic people in low enclaves are more likely to use inter-household carpool for shopping (6.377). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the book "Rivers of Iron: Railroads and Chinese Power in Southeast Asia" by David Lampton, Selina Ho, and Cheng Chwee Kuik. The book examines China's investments in Southeast Asia, specifically focusing on Chinese infrastructure development and its political implications. The authors argue that Chinese railroads in Southeast Asia offer opportunities for economic development and connectivity, but also pose challenges in terms of political power, economic insecurity, and public perception. The book provides a comprehensive analysis of the historical, domestic, and regional contexts of China's rail development abroad, as well as the diverse responses from Southeast Asian nations. It also explores the potential impact of rail interconnectivity on the competitive landscape of the region and the role of other actors in balancing China's influence. Overall, the book offers valuable insights into the complexities of Chinese power and infrastructure development in Southeast Asia. [Extracted from the article]

In this article I critically examine the role of the Australian far-right in the racialisation of the COVID-19 pandemic. A Discourse-Historical Analysis of (n = 133) Facebook posts from Australia's most prominent far-right populist party, Pauline Hanson's One Nation, revealed a range of discursive strategies, linguistic and rhetorical devices, and multimodal semiotic practices were employed to scapegoat China and Chinese-Australians throughout the pandemic. The findings highlight the unique role played by the Australian far-right in the racialisation of the health crisis which engendered a wave of Sinophobic and anti-Asian racism on a global scale. This research furthers our empirical understanding of how crises are exploited by the far-right to advance their racial politics in the twenty-first century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]