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Balanced translocation between chromosomes 3q26 and 8q24 is a very rare event. Here we report six patients with t(3;8)(q26;q24) either as a sole or as a part of genetic abnormalities. Five of the six patients were men with ages ranging from 41 to 84 years old. One patient had a long history of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment. Three of the patients were initially diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia, two with myelodysplastic syndrome and one with chronic myelogenous leukemia with blast crisis. The peripheral blood in all patients showed severe to moderate anemia; one had absolute neutropenia, one with neutrophilia; four had thrombocytopenia, two with thrombocytosis. The bone marrows from all patients showed dysmegakaryopoiesis with additional erythroid (three patients) and granulocytic (two patients) dysplasia. Cytogenetics revealed t(3;8)(q26;q24) as the sole abnormality in three patients. The majority of patients (4/6) had a poor clinical course, with an average survival of 10 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]