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We have developed a novel nitric oxide (NO) cellular biosensor based upon the immobilization of red blood cells (RBCs) onto nanometer‐size colloidal gold that is attached to an electrochemically pretreated glassy carbon electrode via the bridging of an ethylenediamine monolayer. The biosensor has been characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemistry. The immobilized RBCs display an excellent electrocatalytic response to nitric oxide. The electrocatalytic currents are proportional to the NO concentration in the range from 1.0×10–8 to 1.0×10–6 M and the detection limit is as low as 5.0×10–9 M (S/N=3). Furthermore, the biosensor is very stable and relatively free of potential interference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel nano-sized copper oxide modified carbon paste electrode has been fabricated to determine the amikacin by cyclic voltammetry and amperometry. The oxidation current of the amikacin on nano-sized copper oxide modified carbon paste electrode was about 40 times higher than that on bulk CuO modified carbon paste electrode. The curve of i vs. concentration was linear in the range of 2–200 µM of the amikacin concentration with a correlation coefficient of 0.998. The detection limit was ca. 1 µM of amikacin with the signal to noise ratio of 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An electrochemically pretreated glassy carbon electrode (PGCE) was achieved by anodic oxidation at 1.8 V and following potential cycling in the potential range from -0.8 to + 1.0 V. The resulting PGCE gave well-defined redox peaks with E[SUBpa]=-0.073 V, E[SUBpc] = 0.044V. The PGCE showed good activity in improving the electrochemical responses of some water-soluble Vitamins, such as Vitamin (VB[SUB2]), Vitamin (VB[SUB6]) and Vitamin (VC). VB[SUB2], VB[SUB6] could be adsorbed at PGCE and VC proceeded with an electrocatalytic process. The electrochemical behavior of VB[SUB6] at PGCE depended on the potential scanning method and the pretreatment process of the electrode. The PGCE was rather stable and can be used to simultaneously determine these vitamins in multivitamin tablets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]