17 results on '"*HISTORY of anthropology"'
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2. The Life and Work of Marquis Robert de Wavrin, an Early Visual Anthropologist.
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Moderbacher, Christine and Winter, Grace
- Subjects
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HISTORY of anthropology , *ANTHROPOLOGISTS , *HISTORY , *ANTHROPOLOGY - Abstract
This article traces the life and work of Marquis Robert de Wavrin de Villers au Tertre (1888–1971), a Belgian explorer and ethnographer. While fragments of his oeuvre are familiar to scholars of South America, he is almost completely unknown in historical studies, and largely forgotten within anthropology too. Here we will explore his filmic work as well as its contribution to the history of visual anthropology. While de Wavrin's work cannot be divorced from the discipline's colonial and Eurocentric heritage, we show that his visual record provides notable historic insights and merits further scholarly attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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3. Afterword.
- Author
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Greenberg, Jessica
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ACTIVISM , *ETHNOLOGY , *HISTORY of anthropology , *HISTORY of social movements , *HISTORY of socialism - Abstract
In approaching history as a site of scholarly analysis and activist praxis, the papers in this volume open up new ways to think ethnographic and archival methods together. This afterword considers how these activist ethnographic representations work as part of the ethical and analytic commitments of contemporary anthropology more broadly. I ask what possibilities are opened when we as scholars think with other people's struggles. Such dialogic encounter is a way in which activist anthropologies create possibilities for new imaginative frontiers and shared projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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4. Transcending the academic/public divide in the transmission of theory: Raglan, diffusionism, and mid-century anthropology.
- Author
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MacClancy, Jeremy
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HISTORY of anthropology , *ANTHROPOLOGICAL education , *SCHOLARS , *CULTURE diffusion , *TWENTIETH century , *HISTORY , *INTELLECTUAL life , *BIOGRAPHY (Literary form) - Abstract
Anthropology is plural, not singular, and only a section of its history is decided within universities. A critical re-examination of the work of Lord Raglan demonstrates that retaining an overly academic conception of anthropology impoverishes our understanding of its pasts and its futures. The last of the gentleman-scholars in British anthropology, Raglan was a prominent polemicist of the mid-century, who persistently kept anthropological approaches to contemporary concerns within the public eye. Though a postwar President of the Royal Anthropological Institute and praised by scholars in neighbouring disciplines, Raglan’s diffusionism was sharply criticized by standard-bearers of structural-functionalism. Adopting a broader perspective, Raglan can be viewed as both a sharp-eyed scholar and a successful public intellectual; re-assessment of his work and its effects leads to a re-consideration of the historiography of mid-century UK anthropology: particular theories, though denigrated by mainstream anthropologists, may continue to flourish in other disciplines or extra-academic arenas. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2017
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5. Social and Material Connections: Otis T. Mason’s European Grand Tour and Collections Exchanges.
- Author
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Nichols, Catherine A. and Parezo, Nancy J.
- Subjects
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MUSEUM curators , *MUSEUM curatorship , *HISTORY of anthropology , *SOCIAL networks , *ANTHROPOLOGICAL museums & collections , *NINETEENTH century , *HISTORY - Abstract
As a method of collections building within the practice of natural history, the exchange of duplicate specimens was carried out by anthropology curators and collectors in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This paper examines exchanges resulting from a three-month tour of European museums by Smithsonian Institution Curator of Ethnology Otis T. Mason in 1889. Framed by the idea of a network of social and institutional ties, we evaluate the role of specimen exchange in the development of anthropology and museums on an international scale. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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6. Johann Gottfried Herder on European ethnographic representation.
- Author
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Hallberg, Peter
- Subjects
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ETHNOLOGY , *HISTORY of anthropology , *VISUAL anthropology , *HISTORY - Abstract
The article scrutinizes ethnographic representation or art through the views of philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder. Topics discussed include Herder's role as in the foundation of the history of anthropology, his views on visual anthropology, and his critical remarks on works of artists including Theodore de Bry and Sydney Parkinson.
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- 2016
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7. Networked Spirits and Smart Séances: Aura and the Anthropological Gaze in the Era of the Internet of Things.
- Author
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Collins, Samuel Gerald
- Subjects
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SEANCES , *INTERNET of things , *AURA (Parapsychology) , *HISTORY of anthropology , *ZENO'S paradoxes , *ANIMISM , *NINETEENTH century , *HISTORY - Abstract
2015 has been declared the year of the “Internet of Things”, the promised (or threatened) era when our commodities communicate among themselves. But even the most optimistic prognostications cannot conceal deep ambivalences about objects and agency. How do we think about our things when they communicate and act independently of us? How do we frame our relationships with them? How do we articulate distributed intelligence? And how are others imbricated in those relationships? Yet, anthropologists have been asking these questions for some time, and, in this essay, I revisit some ghosts of anthropology's past in order to prompt spectral evocation of these anthropological futures. Through revisiting anthropological fascinations with the nineteenth-century séances, phantasmagoria, commodities and auras, this essay looks to nineteenth-century confusions not only to reflect on the confusions of the present, but also to gesture to possible futures where our lively things might help us challenge suspect dichotomies of human and non-human. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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8. The Erasure of the Middle Ages from Anthropology's Intellectual Genealogy.
- Author
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Fazioli, K. Patrick
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HISTORY of anthropology , *IMPERIALISM & society , *MIDDLE Ages , *ETHNOLOGY , *TOLERATION , *INTELLECTUAL history , *HISTORY ,SOCIAL aspects - Abstract
This essay explores the curious absence of Middle Ages from the history of anthropological thought. An investigation of disciplinary histories reveals while anthropology's intellectual origins are often traced to early modernity or classical antiquity, the existence of authentic anthropological inquiry in medieval Europe has been either disregarded or explicitly denied. This historical lacuna is the product of an unexamined temporal logic that presupposes an epistemological rupture between the medieval and modern worlds. This essay challenges several historical myths that have underwritten the erasure of the discipline's medieval legacies, and then outlines the necessity of reintegrating the Middle Ages in anthropology's intellectual genealogy not only for enriching our understanding of pre-professional anthropology, but also for constructing a more holistic and inclusive understanding of the anthropological project. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2014
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9. The Politics of Knowledge: Anthropology and Māori Modernity in Mid-Twentieth-Century New Zealand.
- Author
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Morrow, Daniel and Brookes, Barbara
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MAORI (New Zealand people) , *MAORI ethnic identity , *ASSIMILATION (Sociology) , *GOVERNMENT relations with the Maori , *HISTORY of anthropology , *HISTORY , *TWENTIETH century ,SOCIAL life & customs ,NEW Zealand history -- 20th century - Abstract
This article argues that growing confidence in anthropology as a tool for managing the adaptation of a resurgent Māori population to modernity shaped a “politics of knowledge” regarding New Zealand's indigenous people in the mid-twentieth century. We examine the relationship between anthropological discourse, state policy, and the Māori struggle to uphold traditional ways, through the prism of Ernest and Pearl Beaglehole's psycho-ethnographic study entitled Some Modern Māoris (Beaglehole, E., and P. Beaglehole. 1946.Some Modern Māoris. Wellington: New Zealand Council for Educational Research). This paper demonstrates that the study was the product of a nexus between concerns for Māori welfare, a perceived need for empirical research that could be applied to the “problem” of indigenous adjustment to contemporary conditions, and American philanthropy. For this reason, and as a detailed record of a small community when Māori society was on the cusp of post-Second World War transformations, we contend that the study deserves to be recovered from historical obscurity. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2013
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10. Observing Human Difference: James Hunt, Thomas Huxley and Competing Disciplinary Strategies in the 1860s.
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Sera-Shriar, Efram
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HISTORY of anthropology , *ETHNOLOGY , *ANTHROPOLOGISTS , *NINETEENTH century , *HISTORY - Abstract
During the 1860s the sciences relating to human diversity were undergoing significant intellectual and methodological changes. The older generation of practitioners including James Cowles Prichard, Thomas Hodgkin and John Crawfurd were slowly passing away. Recognising that there was an opportunity to take a leading role in reforming the study of human variation, two competing intellectual camps vied for control of the nascent discipline; anthropologists led by James Hunt, and ethnologists led by Thomas Huxley. Taking their observational practices and vocational strategies as its starting point, this paper seeks to expand our understanding of the debates surrounding British race studies during the 1860s. In doing so, this paper takes seriously Hunt and Huxley's self-descriptions as scientific reformers. Both of these figures promoted strategies for transforming the sciences relating to human diversity. Each believed they were strengthening anthropology and ethnology's best aspects and dispensing with their weakest. Moreover, their training in natural history, anatomy and physiology can be seen to have influenced their observational practices when it came to identifying and classifying human varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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11. Macaws, Elephants and Mahouts: Frederic Wood Jones, the Rockefeller Foundation and the Human Biology Project.
- Author
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Jones, RossL.
- Subjects
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HUMAN biology , *ANATOMY -- History , *HISTORY of anthropology , *HISTORY of eugenics , *HISTORY - Abstract
In 1926 the anatomist Frederic Wood Jones toured the United States at the invitation of the Rockefeller Foundation. In 1924 the Foundation had set up a Division of Studies under the leadership of Edwin Embree with the brief to fund programmes under the title of ‘Human Biology’. Grafton Elliot Smith's Rockefeller-funded Institute of Anatomy based at University College London wished to be designated at the centre of the programme and was well placed to provide such leadership. In 1927 the Institute was informed that it had been unsuccessful and the project would be centred in Hawaii under the directorship of the Yale geologist Herbert E. Gregory. This article explores the role of Wood Jones' 1926 trip and the importance of anthropological disputes in that important decision. It also examines the role of Australian anatomy in the development of human biology in the inter-war years. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2013
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12. Medical anthropology in Europe – quo vadis?
- Author
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Hsu, Elisabeth
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HISTORY of anthropology , *RELIGION & medicine , *ANTHROPOLOGY , *MEDICAL care , *HISTORY of medicine , *HISTORY - Published
- 2012
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13. Itineraries and specificities of Italian medical anthropology.
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Seppilli, Tullio
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HISTORY of anthropology , *ANTHROPOLOGY , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *MATHEMATICAL models , *MEDICAL care , *HISTORY of medicine , *PRACTICAL politics , *THEORY , *LEADERS - Abstract
This paper describes the birth (or rebirth) of Italian medical anthropology around the middle of the 1950s, and its subsequent complex development up to the present. During this fairly long process, the author played a role that was probably of some importance, that of both a direct witness and active participant. Here these developments are briefly reviewed, in an attempt to single out some of the stimuli and the most significant occasions that have happened, their theoretical and methodological reference points, the main lines of research that have been tackled along the way, as well as the ‘social demand’ and the ‘social use’ that have integrated and oriented the practice of the new discipline within the horizon of some of the more general problems of Italian society. In outlining here the profile of and the various events in Italian medical anthropology, this paper takes into account the fact that, although a medical anthropology with that name and the disciplinary set-up that are now internationally attributed to it began in Italy only in the mid-1950s, important lines of research to which we would today attach that name had been undertaken long ago. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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14. Alien origins: xenophilia and the rise of medical anthropology in the Netherlands.
- Author
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van der Geest, Sjaak
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HISTORY of anthropology , *HISTORY of medicine - Abstract
The beginnings of medical anthropology in the Netherlands have a ‘xenophile’ character in two respects. First, those who started to call themselves medical anthropologists in the 1970s and 1980s were influenced and inspired not so much by anthropological colleagues, but by medical doctors working in tropical countries who had shown an interest in the role of culture during their medical work. Secondly, what was seen as medical anthropology in those early days almost always took place in ‘foreign’ countries and cultures. One can hardly overestimate the exoticist character of medical anthropology up to the 1980s. It was almost automatic for anthropologists to take an interest in medical issues occurring in another cultural setting, while overlooking the same issues at home. Medical anthropology ‘at home’ started only around 1990. At present, medical anthropology in the Netherlands is gradually overcoming its xenophile predilection. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
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15. Anthropology, India, and Academic Self: A Disciplinary Journey Between Two Cultures over Four Decades.
- Author
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Khare, R. S.
- Subjects
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HISTORY of anthropology , *ANTHROPOLOGISTS , *CULTURE , *RESEARCH , *GLOBALIZATION , *TRAINING , *HISTORY , *ASIAN studies - Abstract
The article discusses the anthropological study of India, examining the challenges of a anthropologist who studies his own culture. An exploration of India-West dialogue is presented, including a reflection on the forces of globalizing history and cultural politics. Topics include anthropological studies in India in the 1950s, Indian-born anthropologists living abroad who find themselves in a trans-cultural narrative, and the goal of an anthropologist to decipher regional differences in order to further global human sharing.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
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16. The World Upside Down: Boas, History, Evolutionism, and Science.
- Author
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Verdon, Michel
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ANTHROPOLOGISTS , *COSMOGRAPHY , *ETHNOLOGY , *NATURAL history , *ANTHROPOLOGY - Abstract
A new wave of neo‐Boasian anthropologists advocate retrieving Boas’s sense of historicity. In his theoretical writings, and especially his early exchange with Mason and Powell in 1887, Boas linked history to Alexander von Humboldt’s “cosmographical” method and to inductive science, accusing evolutionists of reasoning deductively on the basis of artibrary classifications. Boas, on the contrary, would not classify but would consider the “individual phenomenon”. Strangely enough, Boas’s presentation of his scientific procedure has more or less been taken at face value, and I question this Boas‐centric view of Boas. Examining Boas’s theoretical statements, his onslaught against evolutionism and his ethnographic practice, I find the accusation of deductive reasoning against evolutionists totally polemical. Furthermore, I discover neither induction nor history or cosmography in his practice, but a Linnaean‐type natural history. In brief, I uncover an inverse image of what Boas presented of himself, and no basis whatsoever for retrieving a historicity for contemporary anthropology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
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17. Torres Strait Islanders Stories from an Exhibition.
- Author
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Herle, Anita
- Subjects
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TORRES Strait Islanders , *MUSEUMS , *ARCHAEOLOGY , *ETHNOLOGY , *EXHIBITIONS , *VOYAGES & travels , *UNIVERSITIES & colleges , *AUXILIARY sciences of history - Abstract
Preparations for a centenary exhibition to mark the 1898 Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to the Torres Strait incorporated cross-cultural collaborative work, reflecting the changing roles of museums as sites for contact and research combining curatorial expertise and indigenous knowledge. Specific objects in the collections of the University of Cambridge Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology continue to be active intermediaries in the relationship between museum staff and Torres Strait Islanders and the museum itself has become an important field site. This paper provides an ethnography of the process of creating the exhibition and explores different ways that many of the objects displayed have resonance for Islanders today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
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