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Objective: We investigated three-dimensional (3 D) reconstruction for the assessment of the tumor margin microstructure of hepatoblastoma (HB). Methods: Eleven surgical resections of childhood hepatoblastomas obtained between September 2018 and December 2019 were formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, serially sectioned at 4 μm, stained with hematoxylin and eosin (every 19th and 20th section stained with alpha-fetoprotein and glypican 3), and the digital images of all sections were acquired at 100× followed by image registration using the B-spline based method with modified residual complexity. Reconstruction was performed using 3 D Slicer software. Results: The reconstructed orthogonal 3 D images clearly presented the internal microstructure of the tumor margin. The rendered 3 D image could be rotated at any angle. Conclusions: Microstructure 3 D reconstruction is feasible for observing the pathological structure of the HB tumor margin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cladding layer of Ti-6Al-4V alloy was treated by traditional forging and ultrasonic-assisted forging with the self-made forging device. The forged titanium alloy cladding layer was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and the hardness distribution of the counterparts was examined by Rockwell hardness tester. The reasons for the difference of microstructure under two different forging methods were analyzed, and the influences of ultrasonic amplitude and forging force on the microstructure were discussed. The results showed that the ultrasonic vibration-assisted forging process was more advantageous to the plastic deformation of titanium alloy cladding layer than the traditional forging process and was beneficial to the evolution of the original Widmanstatten structure to the duplex microstructure. Meanwhile, the hardness of titanium alloy cladding layer was improved by about 10%. Furthermore, with the increase of ultrasonic amplitude and forging force, the microstructure of titanium alloy cladding layer gradually changed to equiaxed microstructure with better properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]