Search

Copyright of European Journal of Social Work is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on titles and abstracts of papers related to geography. The abstract entitled "The Geographic Study of Population Groups," by M. Aurosseau discusses different kinds of population groups and the trend of their evolution into the groups of the present day. The abstract entitled "Changing Occupations in the United States," by Robert M. Brown focuses on the California Raisin Industry. As the raisin industry in California developed to its present size and prosperity numerous adjustments to the natural environment were made.

The need for a flexible and versatile workforce that is constantly learning and upgrading its skills has led to a continual demand for courses in which employees are re-trained and updated on a lifelong basis. Students and workers now have to be prepared for a labour market in which they can be expected to change jobs many times, and they need to acquire appropriate skills that are transferable and portable across sectors, countries and cultures. This paper presents a new approach to unifying a European curriculum for production engineering. The paper discusses the background, developments, module structure, testing and ongoing work that is carried out in the European Production Engineering Certification project - a two year pilot project granted by the European Union Programme Leonardo da Vinci. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the critical potential of rhetorical studies to inform a concept of reflexivity for social professions. In response to an increasing turn towards technical notions of professional identity across social professions, a renewed critical emphasis on reflective practice, critical reflection, and reflexivity positions professional practice as inevitably an interpretive and discursive endeavor. Despite the growing attention to professional discourse in the current reflection-debate in the social sciences, thus far there has not been a comprehensive exploration of how rhetorical studies can deepen our understanding of reflexivity and can stimulate reflexive attitudes in social professions. Building on conceptual and empirical research in the domain of 'new rhetorical studies' as well as on my own research, I examine the various methodological and pedagogical tools rhetoric offers to encourage students to reflect on the interpretive and discursive dimensions of their practice and discipline in critical and productive ways. I argue that a strengthened intersection between rhetorical studies and social sciences can add to the knowledge base on critical and reflexive professional attitudes by deepening our understanding of human interaction in the social world and of how knowledge about this social world can be reflexively produced and mediated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to identify patterns of functional specialisation (FS) in global value chains (GVCs) and determinants of upgrading them for selected Central Eastern European (CEE) economies. By combing the World Input-Output Database with data on occupations, we reveal a new FS pattern among subgroups of CEEs. Poland and Slovakia have an unfavourable GVC position and specialise in low value-added fabrication function. In contrast, other CEEs have competitive advantages in high value-added tasks: the Baltic countries and Slovenia in management services, the Czech Republic and Slovenia in R&D. We identify upgrading factors for different types of FS in GVCs. The wages convergence of CEEs with developed economies, and strong GVC backward linkages support the path to higher value-added in almost all business functions. Higher GDP per capita and lower economic distance to Germany allow CEEs to escape from 'factory economies' status and also generate higher value-added in R&D activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understood as a direct claiming and remaking of vacant space by marginalized urban residents, occupations claim the right to housing and disrupt property relations, surfacing conflicting rationalities between different valorizations of land and infrastructure. We are interested in occupation as a reparative practice, intervening into the socio-material fabric of the city, with the potential to remake urban life-worlds. We draw inspiration from scholarship on infrastructural repair, conceived as the necessary labor of sustaining and filling in the gaps of fragile systems of provisioning that would otherwise be abandoned or left to decay. We situate our reflection in Cape Town, at the Cissie Gool House occupation, a former hospital that was vacant when it was occupied in 2017. In paying attention to the labors of endurance at CGH, this paper advances an expanded conceptual framework of repair, conceiving of occupations as a reparative urban infrastructure that includes material and affective practices. Our concern is with the enactment of more emancipatory forms of reparative practices that prefigure more hopeful futures. In thinking with CGH, we draw out a set of practices that can be read as central to sustaining, reclaiming, and future-making, naming these: infrastructural repair, prefiguration, defiant endurance, and refusal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to examine the impacts of automation on the Slovak labor market by applying automatability estimates to detailed employment data at the levels of districts and occupations. The district- and industry-level analysis shows that automation has the potential to significantly disrupt the Slovak labor market. Employees with lower incomes face greater risk of losing their jobs. The risk of automation is lower in districts with higher unemployment levels and vice versa, which indicates that technological progress does not have the potential to increase existing regional disparities in terms of employment opportunities. Policymakers should therefore consider differences among districts and industries when directing their job creation efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

South African students have since 2015 returned to the forefront of the country's social movement struggles. Central to this wave of contention was the #RhodesMustFall (#RMF) movement at the University of Cape Town (UCT), which coalesced with uprisings at universities across the country under the banner of #FeesMustFall, focusing demands on abolishing tuition fees, decolonizing education and society, and ending campus worker exploitation. In the process, students imagined how education and society could be different. In this paper, we discuss the relationship between social movements, occupations, and imagination, by examining a crucial event in the #RMF movement: the student occupation of an administrative building at UCT. Because social movement theory has an underdeveloped conception of the imagination, we draw on Sartre's and Fanon's understanding of the imagination and apply it to students' activism. Based on original qualitative research we demonstrate how imagined futures guide movement activity, while their prefigurative practices in the occupation enacted these in the present. The #RMF occupation was seen as a break from reality that catalysed students' imaginations, honing their critiques of society and shaping two central imaginaries of alternative futures, decolonization and intersectionality. The #RMF movement's imaginaries and enactments were influential in reshaping the South African higher education landscape and even inspired movements internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Businesses face a challenge recruiting and maintaining a high-quality salesforce. Increasingly, recruiting focus for entry-level sales positions has turned to university business students and sales centers. Unfortunately, research shows that most students have persistent negative misconceptions about professional sales careers and there is little research examining comprehensive and structured decision-making frameworks used by students when evaluating a sales career. This paper develops and tests an integrative framework that maps students' decision-making process to their intention to pursue a sales career. Specifically, we examine how perceived sales knowledge, perceptions of selling ethics, perceptions of salespeople, and perceptions of the selling profession impact their intent to pursue a sales career both pre- and post-exposure to sales professionals in the classroom. Utilizing structural equation modeling, we investigate the interactive relationships of these four areas (sales knowledge, selling ethics, salespeople, and the selling profession) on intent to pursue. Results show empirical evidence of how sales professionals affect the structural orientation of students' intent to pursue a sales career and constructs hypothesized to impact this intent after only one interaction. The findings offer an opportunity for how businesses may increase student interest in both sales and their organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For many novice teachers, their first year on the job can be a roller coaster experience of 'ups' and 'downs' as they transition from their teacher education programs to teaching in real classrooms. While to 'ups' are always good to experience, the 'downs' can be so traumatic that novice teachers can feel so stressed that their teaching is adversely impacted and burned out to the point that they consider resigning for the profession. For the most part, however, the language teaching profession has not addressed this aspect of a novice ESL (English as a second language) teacher well-being in terms of their personal and emotional investment as they transition from trainee to novice teacher in their first year. This paper attempts to shed light on the emotional experiences of three female novice ESL teachers in a university language school in Canada as they reflected during regular group discussions and journal writing during their first semester (12 weeks) as novice ESL teachers. The results reveal that the group discussions and journal writing provided a platform for the teachers to articulate their mostly negative emotions with three most frequently expressed: frustration, anger and boredom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, argues the author, examines how the Job Guarantee proposal uniquely meets two major social requirements. It is a policy response whose merits include much more than its macroeconomic stabilization features, as discussed in the literature. It is also, in a sense, a method of inoculation against the vile effects of unemployment. The paper discusses several preventive features of the program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a scoping review of 74 papers from the peer reviewed literature dealing with occupational therapy in palliative care. Five themes emerged regarding the parameters of occupational therapy in palliative care. The themes include: the importance of valued occupations even at the end of life, an exploration of how occupations change over the trajectory of a terminal illness, the balance between affirming life and preparing for death, valued occupations might be doing, being, becoming, or belonging occupations and the emphasis of a safe and supportive environment as an essential dimension for effective palliative care. These five themes are combined to form a model to guide occupational therapy in palliative care. The model offers structure and direction for occupational therapists in order to offer an opportunity for clients in palliative care to flourish toward the end of their lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These papers represent continuing advances in the study of educational and occupational life-paths in psychology. In this commentary, I discuss the findings of each paper within a developmental systems theoretical framework. In doing so, I highlight the continuing need for psychologists to expand their view of the spectrum of psychological processes on the one hand, and the array of social environmental opportunities and barriers on the other, that co-contribute to how people make consequential life choices involving their education and careers. I conclude by discussing issues of agency, awareness, opportunity, and competing demands in assessing individuals' life choices; as well as the need for psychologists to study issues of equity in education in international contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collective skill formation systems thrive if employers' skill needs are reflected in apprenticeship training programmes and firms offer apprenticeship positions. Occupation-level adaptation processes underpin these systems, which offer upper-secondary level vocational education leading to hundreds of occupations. Yet, it is considered challenging to introduce new apprenticeships in sectors without training tradition. Based on the case of the newly created cableway mechanic occupation, this paper suggests that the institutional context in combination with effortful institutional work allowed a business association to introduce a small new occupation in the Swiss vocational education and training system. The cableway association mobilised firms, legitimised the new occupation towards public authorities, lobbied for more financial support, and fought to gain apprentices. Ten years after the introduction, finally, financial difficulties were overcome, and the apprenticeship institutionalised in the educational landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Occupational voice users such as teachers, singers, and broadcasters have high vocal demands increasing the risk for developing voice disorders. Among occupational voice users, the literature has report gender differences in vocal doses as part of vocal demands. However, these differences have not been quantified. To determine differences per gender on vocal doses among different groups of occupational voice users. A systematic review of literature and meta-analysis were conducted on publications about vocal dose among occupational voice users. In total, 242 potential articles were found. After screening of titles and abstracts, 16 papers were included for full revision in the systematic review of literature. For the meta-analysis, 7 out of 16 papers were included. Females had higher phonation time percentage compared with males (mean difference = 1.44, p value =.16). Nevertheless, this difference was not statistically significant. Among call centre operators, there was no difference in time doses associated with gender. Sport teachers had high values in time dose percentage, dissipation, and radiated energies. The meta-analysis shows variations in time doses, which could be associated with the vocal demand responses for females compared with males in occupational voice settings. Future investigations are required for establishing safe limits criteria for vocal doses, as well as vocal functioning in different working context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses various papers published within the issue including a report on research about job jurisdictions and work-related learning of higher level teaching assistants (HLTAs), an article on the effects of government initiatives on the educational experiences of children and young people, and a paper on the relevance of protecting the rights of those who are vulnerable to marginalisation.

Automating workplaces that results in a loss of jobs has become a topic of public debate and study but has paid little attention to differential impacts on age groups. This paper applies OECD data on the risk of jobs being automated to Australian longitudinal survey data following 15 years old students over a ten-year period as they enter the job market. Whilst in the early stages of their working lives, these young Australians often worked in jobs projected to be at high risk of automation, they gradually moved into jobs and occupations projected to be less exposed to automation. Young Australians were also less likely to work in jobs at risk of automation than the average Australian. Besides socio-demographic factors, including educational attainment but also domestic wealth, the incidence and kind of computer use at home were associated with working in jobs at a higher or lower risk of automation, as were young workers' type of employment contract and whether young employees changed employers. Whilst suggestions of large-scale job losses owing to automation may be exaggerated, the socio-economic divide that extends to exposure to at risk occupations ought to be a matter of policy concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper looks at the career experiences of distance learning librarianship practitioners who either attended or presented at one of the first ten Off-Campus Library Services conferences. This is a report on the first phase of the investigation, which utilized a paper survey to identify career patterns and trends. The respondents provided information about distance learning activities along with other library experiences. From a total of 500 initial mailed surveys, the researchers received nearly 200 responses. The second phase of this project, reported on at the 2004 Conference, involves personal contacts with selected respondents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The voice is an important tool for people who use it daily in their occupations. However, what technological options are available to such individuals to allow them to monitor or take care of their voices? The purpose of this study is to answer two research questions: (1) What technologies exist to monitor or take care of the voice in occupational voice users? (2) What is the technology readiness level (TRL) of the technologies used to monitor or take care of the voice in occupational voice users? Embase, IEEE, Medline, Proquest, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, A systematic literature review was conducted. Articles that reported results regarding technologies (hardware, software, or mobile apps) that were used to monitor or take care of the voice in occupational voice users were included. After reviewing 4581 abstracts, 10 full text studies were included in the literature review. The technologies found include 30% hardware, 30% hardware plus software, and 50% mobile apps, with an overall TRL mean of 5.3 (SD = 2.3). Further research is necessary for higher validity in the studies and to increase the readiness in the development of current technologies to offer more options for this population. The evidence for the impact of the use of the technologies for occupational voice users is still low There is emerging evidence that mobile apps and artificial intelligence algorithms can be used to investigate vocal disorders or potential risks in occupational voice users More research is required to increase the readiness developmental stage of current technologies for occupational voice users [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:There is a lack of evidence-based knowledge about the effectiveness of home-based OT for older adults aimed at improving occupational performance by practicing activities and tasks. Aim:This review synthesizes and discusses evidence for the effectiveness of occupation-focused and occupation-based OT for older adults at home. Material and methods:Peer-reviewed quantitative papers were included. Participants: ≥ 60-year-old adults with functional limitations. Intervention: OT aiming at improving occupational performance, primarily through the practice of activities and tasks. Outcome: Occupational performance. Context: Home. Three reviewers critically appraised 13 of 995 detected papers. Extracted data were presented and summarized descriptively. Results:Eight high-quality papers showed that occupation-focused and occupation-based OT using cognitive, behavioral and environmental strategies may significantly improve occupational performance in older, home-dwelling adults with physical health problems. Maintaining achieved improvements was a consistent challenge. Conclusions and significance:Evidence suggests that older adults’ occupational performance can be significantly improved through low-intensity occupation-focused and occupation-based intervention. It is recommended to develop and test high-intensity OT programs and maintenance programs. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: People with moderate to advanced dementia living in residential care are at risk of occupational deprivation. Person-centered care has been adopted as a guiding principle in the provision of residential care for older adults with dementia. In this context, there has been shift in occupational therapy practice from addressing occupational performance towards focusing on meaningful engagement. While both meaningful engagement and person-centered care have been well researched the relationship between the two concepts is poorly understood. Aim: A critical interpretative synthesis was conducted to determine how principles of person-centered care inform occupational therapy practice in relation to promotion of meaningful engagement among residents with moderate to advanced dementia. Methods: A systematic search of research addressing meaningful engagement of people with moderate to advanced dementia identified 26 papers. Results: Papers were classified as theoretical papers and empirical research. Two overarching constructs emerged, namely promoting a culture of collaborative care and understanding the resident as a person with a past, present and future. Conclusions: Occupational deprivation prevails and person-centered care is not fully addressed if opportunities for growth and engagement for residents with moderate to advanced dementia is not extended beyond their life history. Significance: Creating continued opportunities for building agency of residents with dementia could promote occupational justice in residential care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the minimisation of total tardiness in no-wait flowshops, objective incremental properties are investigated in this paper to speed up the evaluation of candidate solutions. To explore the properties, we introduce a new concept of sensitive jobs and identify through experiments that the proportion of such jobs is very small. Instead of evaluating the tardiness of each job, we focus on the evaluation of sensitive jobs which will help to reduce the computational efforts. With these properties, the time complexity of the NEH-insertion procedure is reduced from to approximately in average. Then, an accelerated NEH algorithm and an accelerated iterated greedy algorithm are designed for the problem. Since the NEH-insertion procedure constitutes the main computational burden for both algorithms, these algorithms will benefit directly from the speedup. Numerical computations show that the accelerated algorithms perform 10–40 times faster than the original algorithms on the middle- and large-sized instances. In addition, comparisons show that the proposed algorithms perform more efficiently and effectively than the existing heuristics and meta-heuristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper interrogates claims that millennial youth are being jilted by gilded baby boomers. The interrogation is by comparing the education and early experiences in labour and housing markets, then (when possible) the subsequent lives, of three post-1945 British cohorts: the immediate post-war cohort who completed education between 1945 and 1960, their children who passed through the same youth life stage in the late-1970s and 1980s, and finally the post-war cohort's grandchildren, the millennials who have completed their education since the late-2000s. The analysis searches for gilded and jilted sections within each of these cohorts by comparing their lives with those of their parents. It shows that no cohort has been uniformly gilded or jilted, and that the label (jilted or gilded) which appeared most appropriate when a cohort was making its education to work, and family and housing transitions, has often looked inappropriate by the latter part of their lives. The paper argues that it is too early to apply gilded or jilted labels to any sections of millennial youth, and that current appearances that they are victims of generational inequity are due to a long-term failure to match increased investments in human capital within families and in education with investments in the economy and housing that would enable the millennials to convert their human capital into commensurate jobs and accommodation suitable for new family household formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of physiotherapy in Latin America has received little attention thus far in the English-speaking literature. In this paper, we draw on narratives from activists, educators, and professional leaders who have been instrumental in shaping the development of physiotherapy in Argentina, Colombia, and Ecuador. Physiotherapists in the Latin American countries faced many similar challenges, including developing physiotherapy in the shadow of medicine, overcoming conservative attitudes toward women professionals, and frequent social upheaval. The paper explores the disputed story of physiotherapy's origins in the polio epidemics, the influence of Swedish remedial gymnastics, and the educational colonialism of North American and European educators. We examine some of the effects of social unrest and trauma, military rule, and economic instability on the professions attempts to establish itself in the face of competition from other professions allied to medicine. And we consider the efforts taken to establish the profession's autonomy and its shifting relationship with the state. We employed two different methods for data collection to explore aspects of physiotherapy's history in Latin America from a political and socio-cultural context: 1) A reconstruction of memories from activist physiotherapists in Colombia, Ecuador, and Argentina, who have seen, lived, and promoted the development of physiotherapy in their own countries, gleaned from in-depth interviews; and 2) Analysis of secondary sources. Data were analyzed following the method described by Maynes, Pierce, and Laslett (2008), exploring personal narratives. Textual data were analyzed using documentary research (Prior, 2003) using thematic analysis, to inductively discover, and describe relevant themes about the two main guiding study questions. A constant comparative method as outlined by Boeije (2002) was used to form categories, establish boundaries, and discerning conceptual similarities between participants' narrative. Five physiotherapists were interviewed. One from Colombia, two from Argentina and two from Ecuador. Three main themes were identified: 'A Female Profession?', 'training and education', and 'Present Day in Argentina, Ecuador, and Colombia'. Tensions between the interests of the State, professionals, patients, cultures, urban and rural services, and practices are prevalent throughout physiotherapy in Argentina, Colombia, and Ecuador. Operating within these tensions is very much the reality for physiotherapists in Latin America today. Multiple histories emerge from the research, opening up a space for a more nuanced, polyphonic reading of physiotherapy in Colombia, Ecuador, and Argentina than has been heard to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migrants with dementia living in residential care may be at risk of disengagement. To synthesize research relating to the meaningful engagement of migrants with dementia who are living in residential care. Mixed studies systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. Nine electronic databases were searched for relevant studies. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported original research relating to meaningful engagement of migrants with dementia living in residential aged care and were published in English. Two independent reviewers screened the title and abstracts, full texts of eligible studies and conducted a quality appraisal of included texts. A convergent qualitative synthesis approach was used. From 1460 articles, 14 papers representing 12 studies were included. Facilitators of meaningful engagement included: the presence of cultural artefacts in the care environment, the use of multimodal communication and a shared but flexible understanding of residents' culture. Barriers were the absence of a common language and a task-orientated approach to care. Migrants with dementia who are living in residential care are at increased risk of disengagement. Our review highlights the need for culturally congruent residential care to go beyond issues of language and to consider how occupations can be tailored to support ongoing participation and engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dominant occupational therapy theories assert that people choose their daily occupations, and participate in occupations as autonomous agents; yet scholars insist that choices are socially-structured and inequitably available. Aim: To critically review the concept of choice in occupational therapy theory through an exploration of patriarchy in India. Material and methods: Drawing from scholarly work that addresses patriarchy in India, we employ the commonly-used occupational categories of self-care, productivity and leisure as a framework to explore the real availability of occupational choices for women. Results: Patriarchal ideology perpetuates inequitable power dynamics within Indian society. As a consequence, women, children and non-dominant men have few opportunities to make or enact occupational choices that impact their wellbeing and their lives. Conclusions: The examples provided in this paper challenge those occupational therapy theories that portray occupational engagement as the product of individual volition and unconstrained choice. Significance: Dominant occupational therapy theories are informed by specific Western assumptions that may have little relevance to people in other contexts. Critical approaches to professional assumptions are essential to avoid the imperialistic imposition of irrelevant theories, and the development and delivery of services that may be oppressive for clients who have few opportunities to make occupational choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This special issue of Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice (also released as a book: ISBN 978-1-921348-31-0) will explore some empirical and analytic connections between creative industries and innovation policy. Seven papers are presented. The first four are empirical, providing analysis of large and/or detailed data sets on creative industries businesses and occupations to discern their contribution to innovation. The next three papers focus on comparative and historical policy analysis, connecting creative industries policy (broadly considered, including media, arts and cultural policy) and innovation policy. To introduce this special issue I want to review the arguments connecting the statistical, conceptual and policy neologism of 'creative industries' to: (1) the elements of a national innovation system; and (2) to innovation policy. In approaching this connection, two overarching issues arise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines the life and work of Dr. Elliot W. Eisner, a champion of American education and the inclusion of art in students' lives. Three areas of Dr. Eisner's life are explored, his early formative years, his ideas on curriculum in the United States of America, and his research on the development of arts-based education in schools. The paper recommends several ways to achieve Discipline Based Arts Education (DBAE) in the instruction of culinary arts through the examination of Eisner's educational philosophy and its application in a culinary setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past few years, China has made a drastic switch to a more centralized approach to institutional change, thus vastly reducing the decades-old problem of local non-compliance. Using the recent judicial personnel reforms (员额制改革) as a case study, this paper examines the functioning of this new top-down model. Based on field research, the paper finds that the reforms have drastically reduced judge headcounts, placing tremendous burden on those remaining. In addition, they have made it much harder for new recruits to rise to the rank of judge, forcing them to remain as 'judicial assistants' who are not allowed to adjudicate cases independently. These changes have driven many judges to resign and have significantly diminished the appeal of judicial posts to new talent, especially in developed regions where caseloads are heavier and alternative career options more lucrative. Furthermore, such problems have continued to plague the judiciary despite long-standing widespread acknowledgment of them within and outside the judiciary. These developments highlight a critical disadvantage of the new top-down approach: unlike the previous decentralized system, under which powerful local actors could often de facto reject institutional changes they deemed flawed or unsuitable to local circumstances, the new centralized approach provides little effective check against design defects in the center's reforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper links the past and present regional concentration of skills using the spatial distributions of occupations from the Brazilian censuses of 1872, 1920 and 2010. The data indicate that the concentration of top skills is highly persistent. Multivariate regressions show that regions with a high concentration of industrial and liberal occupations in the past have a high concentration of interpersonal, analytical and cognitive skills today. Moreover, it is observed that skill persistence seems to be positively related to market size. Controlling for natural advantages, the dependence on slave labour and immigration in the past does not undermine the relevance of the historical skill distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines domicidal practices against illegalized border crossers in Calais, France as a technology of citizenship and migration governance. It addresses recent calls to include actions and interventions which restrict citizenship in the context of illegalized migration within critical citizenship studies literature. Studying the state violence upholding and spatializing normative citizenship allows for a deeper understanding of citizenship's implication in the European border regime, and raises questions on the concept's continued application to theorizations of migrants' political movements and spatial manifestations. The paper proposes anti-citizen politics as an alternative before arguing that the presence of this politics within the city's squats and jungles, more than the physical occupations as such, is what the French state seeks to eradicate through acts of domicide. Working from empirical examples, the article describes a 'carrot-and-stick' domicide currently at work in Calais where the eviction and destruction of autonomous forms of migrant inhabitance is combined with a simultaneous offer of state managed accommodation. These tactics operate together to drive migrants out of the city of Calais, away from the UK border, and ultimately into a determination of their detain/deport-ability via citizenship's scrutiny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many taken-for-granted expectations for parents in Western societies are situated in normative assumptions. Social constructions of 'good' parenting may be a poor fit for parents whose children's development varies from a so-called typical trajectory. Normative assumptions about parenting can have harmful effects for parents of autistic children. Aims/Objectives: This paper examines representations of parenting autistic children in contemporary research and considers the potential effects of these representations on these parents' occupational possibilities. Methods: Informed by a critical occupational perspective, a critical interpretive synthesis (CIS) of 27 research articles focussed on parenting autistic children was conducted. Findings: Three major discursive threads were identified regarding how parents of autistic children are represented in research: gendered assumptions, caregiving as all-consuming, and disruption of normative expectations of parenting. Conclusions and significance: Normative discourses about parenting were (re)produced within this body of research which may perpetuate limitations in the occupational possibilities of parents of autistic children. Critical investigation into contemporary research is necessary to challenge taken for granted expectations for parents of children with autism, to mitigate harmful effects for parents, to inform transformative OT practices and policies, and to promote equitable service provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Speech-language therapy is a growing field in many Asian countries, including Malaysia. Yet, no studies have examined the general public's awareness towards communication disorders and speech-language therapy in Malaysia. A total of 535 respondents completed a questionnaire, using Google form or paper-pencil format, to assess their awareness and attitudes about communication disorders and speech-language therapists. Public awareness towards communication disorders was generally positive, though negative trends were observed for some items related to the speech-language therapy services. Public awareness also differed according to age, education level, and occupation. Specifically, older individuals, individuals with higher levels of education and health professionals tended to have greater exposure to communication disorders and speech-language therapy. Awareness and attitudes towards speech-language therapy and speech-language therapist profession are still developing in Malaysia. We recommend continuous promotion of the profession of speech-language therapist to the public in order to improve community access to our therapy services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The public and academic debate about urban squatting in Western cities has been dominated by research on collectively organized, politically-motivated occupations. By contrast, occupations promoted to fulfil urgent housing needs by uncoordinated urban poor without any connection with activists (i.e. need-based squatting) have been far less explored. The present paper contributes to filling this research gap concerning squatting as a sheltering strategy by marginalized individuals. To this end, this article focuses on the overlooked phenomenon of the illegal occupation of public buildings for residential purposes in Italy that occurs outside any explicit political framework. In particular, it provides an ethnographic investigation of a case of squatting in an abandoned school located in a public housing neighbourhood in Naples. This investigation is the basis for the conceptualization of a specific type of need-based squatting, that is to say 'individualistic squatting', whose specific features (including its distinct political character) are highlighted, together with its peculiarity vis-à-vis other types of need-based squatting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses a gap in the literature on student work placements, specifically the challenges of returning to final-year study after a year out. We focus on students in an Accountancy and Finance Department at one UK University who alerted us to the ways in which they struggled during the transition back to full-time study. Their accounts were surprising in the light of, albeit limited, research and our own perceptions that students who go on placement fare better in the final year than those who do not. We draw two inferences from this research, which we discuss in this paper. First, there is a need to refine analyses and evaluations of the benefits of a placement year. Second, there is a need to expand the repertoire of methodologies in empirical placement research to include those that provide opportunities for students to articulate what matters to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we make an argument for paying close attention to the materiality of practice in understanding the work of teacher educators; specifically, the meanings of artefacts used by teacher educators in the course of their daily work. We locate this analysis within a dialectical materialist understanding of the development of human activity, providing examples of artefacts-in-use in initial teacher education and the meanings accorded to these artefacts by the teacher educators we observed and interviewed. Our aim is to make a case for what is afforded epistemologically when researchers pay attention to artefacts from a dialectical materialist viewpoint. In the final part of the paper, we argue that paying attention to how teacher educators engage with artefacts can help us understand the unity of psychological and social processes within dominant approaches to teacher education, as well as providing clues about how adaptation of artefacts can drive cultural change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teacher identity among physical therapists is challenged by other identities such as clinician and/or researcher. Yet, having a teacher identity has been shown to be a critical organizing element in a persons' professional life, driving their choices and energies. This discussion paper was designed to explore the health science teacher identity literature and start a conversation about teacher identity formation among physical therapy teachers. Topics explored included the importance of a teacher identity, its challenges, and what supports teacher identity. A lack of pedagogical training continues to limit teacher identity formation. Subgroups of research literature on teacher identity were grouped according to how faculty development and institutions could support the following factors: (1) a sense of appreciation for supporting student learning – supported by acknowledgement; (2) a sense of connectedness – supported by communities of practice, mentoring, communication; (3) a sense of competence – supported by skills training based on perceived needs of teachers; (4) a sense of commitment – supported by reflection and goal-setting; (5) a future trajectory – supported by possibility of promotion; (6) a sense of autonomy – supported by letting teachers decide content/methods; and (7) a "care-full" environment – where teachers know they are cared for. Similar supports were identified for all types of teachers, although contexts of experience and workplace were always important. A merged or integrated identity between teacher and physical therapist was suggested as most desirable. Faculty development should continue to focus on interventions that promote teacher identity among their physical therapy teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The World Federation of Occupational Therapists asserts that all occupational therapists are obligated to promote occupational rights, and has highlighted the importance of Amartya Sen's concept of 'capabilities' to the work of securing the occupational rights to which all are equally entitled. To outline the capabilities approach and highlight its relevance and importance for the occupational therapy profession. Drawing from Sen's work, and that of other scholars who have critiqued and adapted his capabilities approach, this paper describes the foundational components of the capabilities approach and identifies important overlaps with issues of concern to occupational therapy. Sen's capabilities approach employs a contextualised view of human wellbeing; attending to whether people have the abilities to do the things they would value doing, and whether their circumstances actually provide the real opportunities to choose to do what they would value doing. The capabilities approach, with its attention to abilities and actions, options and opportunities, empowerment and choice, justice and participation, has clear relevance for occupational therapists. A capabilities perspective provides a valuable framework for occupational therapists striving towards equalising people's opportunities, possibilities and choices – their capabilities – to secure their occupational rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the findings of a research study in Thane District, Maharashtra, India, on access to sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) for women and girls of Nomadic and Denotified Tribes (NT-DNT). NT-DNT communities face stigma and violence due to their historically criminalised status and nomadic lifestyle. Their precarious legal, social, and economic status has a negative impact on women's SRHR. Existing literature on this subject is sparse, and studies by researchers from within the community, which could bring about organic and community-led change, are almost non-existent. This study, carried out by a woman from a Nomadic Tribe, presents an insider's perspective on the experiences of and factors underlying the violation of the SRHR of girls and women of NT-DNT communities. The study used a human rights-based participatory methodology with qualitative methods including three focus group discussions with 21 women and 10 in-depth interviews with women and key informants from NT-DNT communities. The findings describe the gender, community, and health system barriers which hinder women's and girls' access to SRHR. Issues such as language barriers between the women and medical fraternity, criminalisation by the police, and extreme deprivation – more intense than faced by the general poor – are unique to women of these communities. The NT-DNT communities face extreme deprivation of basic resources such as identity documents, shelter, sanitation, education support, workplace safety, and transportation, which further deny women their sexual and reproductive rights. The paper aims to amplify these women's voices to advocate for better SRHR services for women and girls of NT-DNT communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between external cooperation and entrepreneurial orientation (EO). This relationship is explored in cluster environment, wherein entrepreneurial organizations compete and cooperate simultaneously to pursue opportunities. The following hypothesis is tested: External cooperation is positively correlated with entrepreneurial orientation. The hypothesis is tested with a correlation analysis on a sample of 77 small-sized enterprises operating in the Malopolska region in Poland, wherein several clusters are active. Additionally, the regression analysis is conducted to examine the associations between inter-organizational cooperation and EO dimensions. The findings confirm that external cooperation is positively correlated with EO. This observation is confronted with a pro-competitive approach that is a constitutional element of the entrepreneurship concept. Moreover, the findings show that the correlation between external cooperation and a firm's performance is stronger than between some other EO dimensions and performance. Additionally, the findings show the important role of relationships between organizations and their clients. In the paper, several remarks for development of the theory are discussed, including the need for incorporating inter-organizational cooperation into a set of entrepreneurial traits and reflecting it in entrepreneurial orientation scales. The findings confirm the importance of that direction of theory development that focuses on inter-organizational collaboration in the context of entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the career moves of executives between different organizations and looks at the characteristics of executives employing organizations as a predictor of the outcome of the moves. The paper uses a retained executive search firm's proprietary data set that contains information on the career paths of executives in the financial services industry. The results show that the perceived operational excellence of executives employing organization has a significant signalling power for other employers and strongly impacts the success of executives' moves across different organizations. The data also reveal that executives may use their employment spell at large-sized organizations that are perceived as excellent as a conscious career-building mechanism and accept smaller promotions to join such organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Per every 100,000 persons internationally, 9.4 healthy life years were lost due to Anorexia Nervosa. Anorexia Nervosa requires intensive care from a multitude of healthcare professionals; however, while occupational therapists are distinctly suited to assist, a paucity of literature exists that articulates the profession's role. This paper presents a conceptual model of occupational therapy practice for individuals with Anorexia Nervosa informed by multidisciplinary literature. Guided by the Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance Model, an analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic factors' impact on occupation provides the basis for model development. Implications for occupational therapists are offered across processes of eating disorder assessment and intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers how technological change and globalization has influenced the return to education and occupation in Great Britain over the period 1973 to 1994. A number of papers in the literature have documented increasing demand for individuals who possess higher skill endowments than their peers. Both education and occupation can be interpreted as an individual's observable skills and how technology and trade have actually influenced returns to different educational and occupational levels is something that has not been investigated in Great Britain. For the empirical analysis estimates are based upon pooled cross sections over time and also pseudo panel techniques to control for unobservable heterogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes the results of a 1997 survey of 395 adult protective services workers in 43 states that produced ratings of the helpfulness of 17 occupational groups in the detection of cases of elder abuse and neglect, respectively. Data are also presented on ratings of the overall awareness of the public and professional workers about elder abuse and neglect and on efforts to improve awareness of these forms of elder mistreatment. Findings suggest that many occupational groups were more helpful in detecting elder abuse and neglect in the late 1990s than was the case at earlier points in time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is twofold. First, I explain the nature of the education and engagement of young Chinese minorities in north China under Japanese occupation during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Second, I examine what influence the occupation policy of Japanese puppet government had on forming Hui identity. During the Republic of China, the minority Hui were facing social inequality. Japan focused on the affairs of the Hui people and implemented a policy that gave them preferential treatment to advance the division and control of China. In 1938 the General Federation of Islam in China was founded under the Provincial Government of the Republic of China to advance the "Muslim campaign" of the Japanese Army. Its objectives were to support the regime, oppose communism, and the Young Muslim Association of China was established, training of young Muslims for military service. But young Hui trained in such association often rebelled against the Japanese occupation, and the Hui people who received modern education used education as a tool to fulfill their own goals instead. Therefore, the Hui established a dual identity of being Muslim and Chinese, and they chose to side with China rather than Japan. This study explores the complex process by which the minority Hui formed their double identity. This study is based primarily on literature review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dance movement psychotherapy (DMP) has contributed relatively little to literature and research on the topic of sexuality. Starting with a critical and thematic literature review from 1976 to the present day, attention is drawn to absences in theory, biases in practice, and an overall neglect of approaches to sexuality that employ fluid perspectives. This theoretical paper integrates perspectives from psychodynamic, person-centred, feminist and queer theories to engage with the history of DMP as a clinical discipline. Seven specific reasons are offered as to why the fullness of sexuality has tended to be avoided or ignored in DMP, and suggestions are made concerning how the profession can move forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging with the wider ‘movements of the squares’ of 2011, Occupy London was defined by occupation, and by participants’ negotiation of what occupation meant. Its forms and meanings changed as London’s Occupiers moved between occupied sites, through uprootings by eviction, and into post-eviction attempts to extend Occupy’s territorial politics without the camps. This paper builds on three years of ethnography to consider occupation as an unfolding process, using Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of the ‘refrain’. This describes territory in three ‘moments’: the marking of a fragile centre; the stabilization of a bounded ‘home’; and the breaching of boundaries, extending in progressive directions. This rubric is used to analyze London’s occupations, and their defining tension, between an expansive desire to ‘Occupy Everywhere’ – connecting to the wider ‘99 percent’ – and the tendency to become embedded in the protest camp ‘home’. The features of ‘home’ are analyzed using Foucault’s concept of ‘heterotopia’, highlighting an alterity with ambivalent consequences for Occupy’s project. The paper argues that despite a desire to ‘deterritorialize’ occupation, Occupy London stalled in the moment of ‘home’, a consequence of the camp’s status asthe&#x2018.common ground’ of an often disparate movement, and the reduction of productive capacities characterizing Occupy’s terminal downswing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After a stroke, most individuals cannot participate in some of their valued occupations, disrupting their occupational identity. The aim of this interpretive synthesis is to systematically review the existing body of research to develop an understanding of the experience of occupational identity disruption post-stroke. A systematic review of the literature that included nine electronic databases, reference lists screening and grey literature checking was completed. Ten studies published between January 2012 and October 2018 were included. Meta-ethnography was used for the interpretive synthesis. A three-staged process model was created. Stage 1 illustrates the four factors involved in occupational identity disruption: "A fragmented and externalized body", "losing control, freedom and independence", "changed social and familial interactions", and "occupational participation loss". Stage two explains the experience of occupational identity disruption: "Occupational identity loss", "a de-valued self", and "threat to identity continuity". Stage three shows the individual's coping strategies: "protecting one's self", "social isolation", and "re-inventing one's occupational self". Stroke impacts on an individual's occupational identity, compromising the continuity of a stroke survivor's sense of self. However, occupational identity is fluid; this can be used to support individuals to re-invent the occupational self. A conceptual model was developed to support the application of these results in clinical practice. Occupational identity disruption impacts on stroke survivors' self-value and sense of self continuity. Health care professionals' understanding of stroke survivors experience of occupational identity disruption could contribute to realign stroke survivors and clinicians' rehabilitation goals. Occupational participation and social interaction should be core aspects of stroke rehabilitation. Occupation-focus rehabilitation could provide opportunities for stroke survivors to pursue their desired occupational identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]