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Recently, the Association of University and College Counseling Center Directors (AUCCCD) published a White Paper on a multidimensional understanding of organizational structures for counseling centers (Mitchell, Oakley & Dunkle 2019). This article provided a historical overview of such structures, argued that there is no one optimal structure for all campuses, provided recommendations for factors to consider in related decision-making, and advocated for collaboration regardless of structure. The authors of this article extend the conversation by elaborating on some of the ethical issues involved in collaboration, as the White Paper did not address the limits of acceptability in such processes. Given that the authors are psychologists, we will be focusing on the Ethical Principles for Psychologists and Code of Conduct (2017) of the American Psychological Association (APA). Similar language can be found in the ethical codes of other mental health professionals, and we note these sources as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The processes of technology development and transfer are affected by numerous barriers that hinder the efficient implementation of innovations into the economy. The paper is focused on a selected type of barriers of a technical character that are observed on the operational (intra-organisational) and tactical (inter-organisational) levels. The main objective of the paper is to identify and analyse a technical barrier related to the changing technical requirements in the course of innovation development. Against the state of the art analysis, the main technology transfer barrier discussed in the paper is illustrated with case studies presenting real barriers encountered in practice in a selected domain of optomechatronics and the successful limitation of their impact on innovation development and implementation processes. The barriers were identified by the authors in their many-year involvement in innovation development and the implementation of innovative research results in economic practice in the field of machine construction and maintenance carried out by an R&D organisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper surveys the state of knowledge regarding development and humanitarian non-government organisation (NGO) responses to preventing and countering violent extremism (P/CVE). As well as delineating the nexus and shared objectives between P/CVE and development/humanitarian NGO frameworks, it outlines a reframing of the concept of VE into violent and hateful extremism (VHE), as a shift to a more nuanced understanding which addresses inherent complexities and entanglements more deeply. The Special Issue that this paper introduces is the product of a roundtable symposium held on this topic, with conceptual and empirical papers submitted by practitioners and academics who were invited to contribute due to their expertise in this area. The diversity of case studies, datasets, and author perspectives serves to advance knowledge on this topic and provide useful evidence and insights to inform policy and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that all scientific research is framed by one of two organizing principles that underpin and shape almost every aspect of scientific research as well as nonscientific inquiry. The most commonly employed principle within mainstream science is content determines content. This is a closed, circular principle that is usually unstated within hypotheses but plays a major role in developing methodologies and arriving at conclusions. The second more open principle is context determines content. This principle represents the implied background embedded within hypotheses. The difference between these two principles revolves around the issue of context, with the first principle closing off contexts by ignoring, erasing, or devaluing them, while the second more holistic principle explicitly takes them into account. Each of these research principles has a focus on the explicit detailed nature of 'content' while differing in relation to the source and cause of such content. We argue that the more open and holistic principle of context determines that content is superior in producing reliable evidence, results and conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores challenges and possible ways to increase the level of BIMSTEC regional integration from a socio-cultural perspective. It also investigates member states’ vision of BIMSTEC and of the Bay of Bengal, especially where they intertwine and divert from one another. The paper postulates that, for BIMSTEC to transform itself into a socio-politically relevant organisation, it must also be culturally more integrated. BIMSTEC should strive to promulgate a shared narrative of regional identity based on the idea of the Bay of Bengal as an interconnected geographical and historical region. Through popular public imagination of the Bay of Bengal and coherent visions shared by its member states and, BIMSTEC will be able to situate itself into public consciousness and mobilise public support for the organisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation and its management in retail organisations is an emerging field, yet the measurement of innovation in this context remains challenging and under-researched. The study investigates innovation in large Swedish retail companies, focusing on monitoring and measurement of innovation performance. Through a qualitative, multiple case study, our findings reveal that retailers are aiming to become more active innovators. They are exerting a greater control over the innovation process, implementing a range of financial and non-financial indicators that encompass inputs, outputs, and the process itself. Innovation projects serve as vehicles for experimentation and learning about how to improve the structure of innovation efforts. However, challenges still arise when strategic objectives are not aligned with performance measurements across the organisation. Nonetheless, existing performance measurement practices can support innovation capability development in retail, especially in relation to culture and competence development and utilising external knowledge for open innovation. The paper advances theory by offering insights into how retailers gain more control of innovation through measurement, contributing to the growing landscape of strategic innovation management in retail. We propose a model, informed by theoretically built framework and empirical data, to guide retail organisations in defining new measurements that promote a holistic perspective to building innovation capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incubation facilitates innovation performance and knowledge production for large organisations, while allowing start-ups to connect with potential users who hold valuable information. However, aligning the goals of parent organisations and hosted start-ups in co-creation partnerships remains a challenge, particularly in the complex and institutional context of public organisations. To fill the research gap, this paper draws on the co-production theory of support to explore how a large public organisation co-produces an adaptive context for co-creation with start-ups. Based on a 12-month ethnography in a public university hospital centre, the unique characteristics and complexities of co-creation initiatives in public organisations are explored by focusing on the multi-stakeholder nature of the innovation process. Following a processual approach, we unpack the evolving dynamics of managing tensions through the co-creation process. The article contributes to the understanding of public incubators, compensatory practices in asymmetrical co-creation relationships, and the co-production of incubation support in public organisations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In introducing the special issue on international advertising, this paper assesses progress made in international research. It begins with an examination of the content of international advertising papers published in the Journal of Advertising during the past ten years. The content of these more recent research articles is then compared to those that appeared earlier in the Journal's history. This paper also surveys four earlier reviews of the international advertising literature and assesses whether issues posed in the reviews have been adequately addressed. A new agenda for international advertising researchers is offered, consisting of eight research questions and some admonitions relating to data collection and collaboration among researchers. The contributions of papers in this issue are then detailed in the context of the proposed research agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Referring to failures in policy-driven public governance research this paper looks at strategising in higher education. It expands horizons for understanding university strategies in a more nuanced way than hitherto has been done. Deploying systems theory, it shows how different temporalities co-exist in strategies and how their change reflects the university's capacity to meet future contingencies. Extending the current research on strategising, the paper uses the present's past, the present's future, the future's present and the future's future as temporal categories to understand strategies. It shows how strategies evolve from traditional linear planning orientation to a novel potentiality-seeking mode with unique meanings attached to unknown futures. It claims that universities develop such responsive contingency awareness to construct a leeway for their self-governance in the face of unexpected future conditions. This change is characterised by the emergence of a potentialising organisation seeking to turn indeterminant futures into its developmental resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews approaches to include ESG matters into different levels of statutory provisions and technical norms. The discussion includes a comparison of how the European Union (EU) and Switzerland approach this task. In the EU, the 'Green Deal' represents a strong foundation for integrating ESG into financial markets laws since it represents an official strategy that aims to reorient capital flows towards sustainable investments to achieve sustainable and inclusive growth. We argue that such a strategic objective broadens the legal basis linked to investor protection to permit introducing more comprehensive rules that touch on all aspects of providing financial services, including product governance and organisational requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the process by which papers are reviewed for publication in the periodical "Action Learning: Research and Practice." Establishment of journal to develop the praxis of action learning; Considerations in peer review of papers for first issue; Papers to be included in second issue.

This conceptual paper addresses the capabilities offered by big data analytics (BDA), critical in turbulent environments, in the context of the Industry 4.0 revolution. BDA enhances organizational agility, as it is highly valuable for the identification of opportunities and threats (i.e. the sensing process of agility); however, with the exception of aiding decision-making tools, seizing its benefits for reacting (i.e. responding) is more difficult without organizational adaptation. Hence, the changes required to exploit the full capabilities offered by BDA, particularly at the organizational level, are considerable. From a theoretical perspective, through a narrative literature review, this paper highlights several possibilities of organizational changes for enhancing a company's agility and leveraging BDA to achieve enhanced performance in turbulent contexts. The findings are then related to three organizational theories. This work ends in a conceptual model and several research paths for future studies. From a managerial perspective, this paper highlights, through several examples, the importance of top management's role in achieving the necessary organizational changes to enhance the companies' responding capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the problem associated with the allocation of the finite capacity of a single facility among different business organizations under partial information sharing. In distributed allocation, the decision authorities and system information are dispersed amid organizations and a facility, i.e, no organization requires explicit access to system-wide information in order to allocate effectively the capacity of the shared facility. The lack of explicit information access is compensated by the careful exchange of information among organizations via the shared facility, i.e. cooperative interaction. The facility resolves conflicting interests among organizations on capacity usage and directs locally optimized solutions to a globally optimized solution. The distributed decision making problems associated with each organization and the facility are formulated as linear programs. The proposed cooperative algorithm is tested under two levels of information sharing: when the capacity information of the facility is unknown to organizations, and when partial capacity information of the facility is known to organizations. Experimental results suggest that even in this restricted information environment, the proposed method yields solutions that are comparable to those obtained with methodologies that require unrestricted access to information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much has been written about Yolŋu social organisation since Lloyd Warner's early ethnography (1937). Debates within this literature have predominantly focused on the relative independence of bäpurru groups, a significant social unit within Yolŋu society, and whether these can accurately be described as 'corporate descent groups'. To develop a fresh perspective on Yolŋu social organisation, this paper presents an exploration of five drawings by Dhambiŋ Burarrwaŋa and her waku (daughters, sister's daughters), a novel methodology which has allowed us to recast well-known anthropological tropes within a setting of relational growth and cross-cultural communication. Rather than outlining a structural model, themes of raki' (strings), luku (foot, footprint, anchor, root of a tree), gamunuŋgu (white clay), and lirrwi (ashes, shade) are explored in detail, as they reveal multiple layers of complexity and connection within otherwise abstract notions like 'clan'. The drawings and accompanying exegesis situate Yolngu identity within living social connections. What emerges is a relational portrait that embeds the 'clan debate' within those relationships that make understanding possible in the first place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops a decision-based approach to meta-governance by drawing on insights from studies of organization outside of formal organizations. We argue that meta-governance can be analyzed as a form of partial organization of interactive arenas. Meta-governance has become an important concept in theorizing the role of government in contemporary governance, particularly in the context of shaping and providing guidance to different interactive arenas, such as networks and quasi-markets. Meta-governance is, however, also a broad and ambiguous concept, which limits its ability to guide empirical research on the actual practices of governing and the actors involved. Rather than presenting a new perspective on meta-governance, the framework of partial organization enables analysis of the processes behind the formation of meta-governance strategies. By focusing on decision-making, it offers a dynamic understanding of the stepwise development of meta-governance, reflecting an emerging, rather than predefined, rationality of governance arrangements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, drawing on literature in anthropology and positive organisational scholarship (POS), and using a case study of the acquisition of a British car company by a German multinational corporation, proposes that national culture, in contrast to its treatment as a source of 'distance' or 'friction' can also operate as an integrating agent, whereby participants shape the new reality of the merged organisation through discourse and narrative, creating a collectively agreed new culture while also allowing particular groups to retain a distinctive identity within it. The paper concludes by suggesting theoretical and epistemological ways forward which focus on integrating HR managers', as well as researchers', perspectives on mergers and acquisitions, and which move away from binary models of analysis which judge mergers and acquisitions in abstract terms of 'success' versus 'failure'. This allows researchers instead to focus on how 'success' is defined by the participants in the merger, and considers mergers and acquisitions as dynamic, multifaceted processes which incorporate different forms of success and failure within themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractAlthough environmental education (EE) scholars celebrate the diversity of organizations that engage in this work, the challenge remains how to bring these organizations together. Over the last decade, scholars have called for building bridges, but we still know very little about organizational networking and integration processes in EE. In this paper, I analyzed a case study of the first local education office (LEO) to manage an EE network in California. Drawing on institutional theory, I found that the LEO cultivated a local EE organizational field through three complementary strategies of relational work: enabling connections, aligning the field, and holding space. These three strategic tools enabled EE organizations to connect, develop a shared meaning system, and grow their capacity to serve schools. Based on my findings, I propose a model for managing local EE networks, as well as theoretical constructs for understanding organizational processes within the evolving EE landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the case of the first Irish journalist to be imprisoned for refusing to reveal his sources. In his capacity as political correspondent with the Irish Press, Joseph Dennigan (1910–1950) was called as a witness in a case in December 1933 against a member of the ‘Blueshirts’, a quasi-fascist organisation. Dennigan declined to identify the official sources who he consulted in writing an article about the prohibition of the organisation. The decision to impose a one-month sentence on the journalist generated considerable political reaction and extensive coverage in the Irish and international press. Drawing on Dennigan papers, this article examines the contempt case and also issues that arise from this particular episode, specifically government transition and politician-source relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beginning explorations of civil society organisations (CSOs) from a democratic, political, or regulatory perspective potentially overlooks important aspects of CSO activity. Instead, this paper takes CSOs in action as its starting point – specifically, Australian CSOs responding to the needs of people and communities during the crisis of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. Working between reflections by Australian CSO leaders during the pandemic and selected literature, a multi-grounded theory approach is used to produce a novel theoretical contribution – a typology of 10 distinct CSO activities. These 10 activities are divided into three categories: (1) The 'Big Three' activities – advocate systemically, deliver service and build capacity; (2) 'Business As Usual' activities – engage community, manage organisation and work collaboratively; and (3) 'Enabling' activities – conduct research, coordinate network, hold space and provide funding. The final three activities are revealed as being less integrated into the broader CSO literature than their more commonly explored counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Level Crossing Removal Project (LXRP) is using a Program alliance-based delivery model to achieve 75 level crossing removals by 2025. The systems and knowledge required have developed iteratively, as LXRP and its delivery partners have adjusted to lessons learned and responded to opportunities for improvement. This paper focuses on the knowledge management challenges faced to date on the LXRP 'client-side'. It presents a case study on emerging solutions to these challenges and examines several subtopics including systems, data types, data management practices and the differing data needs across diverse areas within engineering and associated disciplines. It also examines end of project record archiving issues in a major project alliance delivery model context, and how the needs of different project stakeholders may differ and create challenges for the project owner's representative. Recommendations for project owners and for further research are provided in conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines competencies required for leadership of multi-academy trusts (MATs) to identify the learning experiences needed to make the transition to executive leadership (a concept perceived here as having accountability for multi-part organisations). As part of national government(s) drive to reduce the influence and control of local government over state-funded schools in England policies have been enacted, particularly since 2010, to create academies which were directly answerable to the Secretary of State for Education. Formed as a not-for-profit charitable company, each trust is composed of Members who act as guardians of the governance of the organisation, which is then given strategic direction by a Board of Trustees and executive leadership by a CEO. MATs consist of multiple academies, working to a single trust, and are the organisational model preferred by the Department for Education. In this paper MATs are equated to the concept of loosely-coupled organisations, formed of numerous constituent academies and held together much more loosely than a hierarchical structure would tolerate. Leadership competencies encompassed in the centrally National Professional Qualification for Executive Leadership (NPQEL) are considered inadequate generally and for the case study MAT explored here, leading the trust to introduce additional expectations of future senior leaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to assess Russia's policy towards the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) as the organization turned thirty years old. CIS is frequently depicted as a failure of integration in the former Soviet space, plagued by Russia's damaging policies of aggression against smaller partners, diverging goals of its members, and inadequate institutional design. This paper argues that Russia continues to support CIS, notwithstanding these issues. By referring to the variables of the theory of cooperative hegemony, I show how Moscow's commitment to it through the creation of a regional identity validates the continued existence of the Commonwealth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with one important dimension of intra-organizational hierarchy that has to date received only little attention in cross-national party research, although its relevance has grown in light of both the increasing empowerment of rank-and-file members and the growing inclusiveness of contemporary party organizations: the range of monitoring and disciplinary mechanisms available to parties to manage internal differences and dissent essential to assure the day-to-day functioning of complex organizations. Based on the distinction between 'organizational control' and 'leadership power' that can be exercised through these mechanisms, this paper explores how the availability and nature of such mechanisms in party statutes is shaped by differences in ideology on the party level and the legal regulation of intra-party conflict regulation on the system level. Patterns are examined with regard to state-wide parties in Germany and Spain, two countries that regulate intra-party conflict legally, and the UK and Ireland, two countries that do not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses whether and to what extent the key constituencies of a 'typical' DAO can be qualified as a partnership under English law. It explores the defining features of a 'typical' DAO and its key constituencies; gives a brief overview of the various types of business organisation available under English law; addresses the question of private international partnership law; and then analyses whether the key stakeholder constituencies in a DAO meet the conditions set out in the Partnership Act 1890 for qualifying as a partnership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses grounded practical theory (GPT) to examine how members of a pan-Asian organization manage dilemmas surrounding race and the workplace. An action implicative discourse analysis of 20 hours of audio-recorded meeting interactions among members of an Asian American Chamber of Commerce (AACC) reveals two dilemmas: how to maintain solidarity among an ethnically diverse group and how to communicate a racialized business identity to external corporate donors. Participants managed dialectical tensions between similarities and difference through membership categorization, metadiscourse, humor, and code-switching. Analysis illustrates that AACC practices operate from a locus of difference that values 'diversity' as a shared identity and provides leeway for creatively constructing difference. This paper extends GPT as a framework that highlights race as central to communication problems in the workplace and discusses how a better understanding of complexities of Asian American identity negotiation can offer practical insights into present-day race relations and diversity initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite a plethora of frameworks and processes, in planned organizational change models (POCMs), the role of change organizations, i.e. organizations dedicated to change, remains rarely explored. In this paper, we delve into this subject via a multiple case-based research design studying eleven large Finnish companies via 33 interviews. We find that although all studied case companies bear some component(s) of change organizations, these vary substantially. To this end, our findings bear three contributions. First, we propose a typology on change organizations as consisting of change networks, change teams and individual change roles, incorporating varying dimensions each. We further found three interrelations between these dimensions. Second, we demonstrate that change organizations exist in company practice more than they appear in the POCM literature. Third, we develop a framework for the evaluation of the maturity of a company's change organization. Going forward, our findings are a call for further research on change organizations and their role in planned organizational change. This article aims to Make a Difference (MAD) by offering a coherent lens that can be used both in the research and in the development of change organizations, in theory and in practice. Change organizations (networks, teams and roles dedicated to change) are a somewhat underrepresented dimension in classic planned organizational change models. However, in practice, companies' change organizations play various active roles in planned change. Building on evidence from a multiple case study of eleven Finnish large companies, we suggest a multi-dimensional typology on change organizations. Through identified interrelations, we suggest that certain types of change organizations may be preferred over others in particular circumstances. In addition, we offer a change organization maturity framework for developing and evaluating companies' change organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper summarises the findings of this special issue and suggests avenues for future research. It concludes that the Eurasian regionalisms' development in the 2010s was influenced, among other factors, by Russia's concerns about external threats and by its control over the Eurasian space. However, the design of the regional institutions does not make them incompatible with global governance. The cooperation between global and regional institutions varies depending on the agenda of the specific regional organisation. In addition to direct competition between global and regional institutions, there may be an indirect one through offering access to different forms of economic benefits. Through this indirect strategy, regional institutions may reduce the incentives for individual countries to comply with their obligations to global institutions. This paper also places Eurasia within a global context of analysis and considers similar trends world-wide as well as outlines the agenda for future studies of global versus regional governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a lack of research explicitly demonstrating the potential of applying critical realism in qualitative empirical Management and Organization Studies (MOS). If scholars are to obtain the explanatory value that can be developed through detailed applications of critical realism, the existing gap between the philosophical foundation, methodological recipes and hands-on practices of applied critical realism must be bridged. Through a literature review and analysis of existing applications of critical realism in MOS studies, this paper presents five particular potentials of applying critical realism. The five potentials each address significant aspects of critical realism that, when explicitly applied in a research process, can contribute to the understanding of management and organizations. Following the analysis, we discuss what characterizes a detailed application and how this can add to the future of critical realism in MOS studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the structures and processes within agricultural advisory organisations that may enhance absorptive capacity (AC) and determine how organisations develop their AC. A qualitative explorative case study of advisory services in Norway, which are structured as farmer cooperatives. Interviews, document analysis, and internet information are applied. Strong social mechanisms are needed to realise the potential AC in an organisation. Advisory organisations with incorporated research and development (R&D) can translate findings from both their own research projects and external sources, which increases their absorptive capacity and boosts service innovation. Further, systematic emphasis on continuous learning strengthens AC, as do networking and internal communications. By improving the incorporation of R&D, continuous learning and networking, advisory service organisations can benefit from the Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System (AKIS). Ultimately farmers can receive more updated and relevant services for their farms. Incorporation of R&D, continuous learning and networking are significant social integration mechanisms that can improve a firm's AC. Previous studies on AC have shown that it is important for innovation. This paper sheds additional light on how AC can be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relational contracting models are increasingly being used for large and complex public infrastructure construction projects, but both practices and outcomes still widely vary. When analyzing the causes of failures and successes, most studies have focused on practices at the project level. In this paper, we add to the current understanding of relational contracting in public construction by examining the influence of factors at the organizational and institutional levels. We develop a framework based on theories of policy implementation and analyze two projects piloting a new Early Contractor Involvement model in a large public infrastructure client organization. In this case, a previous marketization policy, prescribing low client involvement in project processes, interfered with the relational contracting policy. This policy clash was not openly acknowledged from the start, despite causing significant confusion and frustration at the project level, but became recognizable largely through its consequences for resource allocation and managerial attention. We conclude that policy ambiguities, combined with a project-based implementation context, produce local interpretations and variations in relational contracting models. When project autonomy is high, industry-level agreements, standards and resources are important to align practices also between projects within the same client organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organisational practices like mandatory practices, management practices, involvement in policy-advocacy-lobbying-networking practices and governance practices are considered healthy practices that contribute to organisational performance. This paper identifies some of the standard organisational practices of NGOs (N = 33) in Kerala State, India. From the study, it was evident that the NGOs were more into mandatory practices. The relation orientation of the Managerial leadership Behaviour showed a higher mean value of 2.8567 ± 0.49331SD than the task orientation. The study unravels the need for an updated policy in the voluntary sector and affirming the role of social work professionals in the organisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increments in economic efficiency resulting from the application of standards generate economic benefits for both producers and consumers. As a result, it is of the utmost importance for organizations to be aware of the benefits that standards bring to their operations. This paper deals with specific categories of standardization effects that organizations can achieve in the processes of formal standardization. The goal was to rank organizations by size, based on the effects that they can gain by getting involved in formal standardization. The data gathered from a survey of experts from the Institute for Standardization of Serbia form the basis of our multicriteria analysis of standardization indicators for micro, small, medium-sized, and large organizations. The final ranking for determining the achievement of standardization effects in different-sized organizations was performed using the PROMETHEE-GAIA method. Our analysis showed that micro organizations were the best performers since they are more flexible than the other size categories of organizations. In contrast, the other types of organizations have lower significant preferences concerning all the criteria. Finally, one of the conclusions is that all observed organizations have the potential to achieve the effects of standardization, although they may differ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although numerous studies have analyzed organizational interventions with children with ADHD, minimal research has evaluated the impact of teaching universal organizational skills, classwide, to elementary aged students. This study investigated the impact of teaching organizational skills classwide to two classrooms of Grade 3, 4, and 5 general education students. The current study employed a concurrent multiple baseline design across skills. Results of the study found that organizational skills training increased three organizational skills for both classrooms. The results suggest that organizational skills training, specifically designed for students with ADHD and in one to one settings could be successfully adapted and implemented with typically developing children in a classwide setting. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/15377903.2021.1911898. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last two decades, the call for fewer hierarchies and flat structures has increased tremendously as shown by the numbers of recent papers. Academics and practitioners continually discuss the perfect organizational type. Nevertheless, this discussion is nothing new; already in mid last century, researchers were analyzing softened hierarchies in organizations. Due to the long-standing and recently reignited debates and influences from various perspectives, the body of research is vast, highly fragmented, and distributed among different disciplines. By reviewing the field systematically, we have analyzed in depth the current state of research and thereby interrelate the power relationships between manager and employee with the organization type they work in. With the aid of this newly developed framework, we can show that most companies act in a hierarchical organization not a flat one. Additionally, we show that even in organizations typified by flat structures, hierarchies do nevertheless appear. This revelation supports earlier findings that where formal hierarchies decrease, informal hierarchies increase, but this is contrary to much of current business understanding. Our research contributes to academia by providing a long-needed, integrated framework for power relationships in different types of organizations on the basis of which future scholars can undertake further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the paper is to present machine learning (ML) solutions applicability in the management of contemporary business organisation primarily focusing on the improvement of decision-making processes and the role of supervised and unsupervised learning in its support. The paper defines and characterises fundamental components of machine learning, provides benefits resulting from its application mainly in business domains as well as reviews the applications, case studies and practical examples. The research study presented in the paper underlines the advantages and disadvantages of the mentioned solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Participatory design has as both its purpose and means, the democratic engagement and empowerment of end-users in design processes. The situation of participatory design, as a unit of analysis, is however, laden with complex power dynamics and interactions amongst participating actants; this contributes to advancing as well as inhibiting both the employment of the means and the achievement of the goals of democratic engagement and empowerment. This paper presents the case of participatory design with a community-based organisation, in the design of technology artefacts for one of their service centres. Using Situational Analysis, a critical qualitative inquiry methodology, the paper unpacks the complex interactions and surfaces the hidden power mechanisms and hegemonic dynamics in the participatory design situation. Further, on the premise that reflection and reflexivity can facilitate critical review, empowerment of users, and self-development in design teams, the paper presents an analysis of the extent to which reflexivity was achieved in the participatory design sessions, and discusses the mechanisms that were employed in this situation to mitigate the identified barriers against democratic engagement and empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the mass demonstrations that rocked Algiers in December 1960, a major turning point in the Algerian Revolution that precipitated negotiations for independence. The (rather limited) scholarly discussions of these demonstrations centre on the question of whether they were spontaneous or organised. Instead of weighing in on either side of this debate, I use the events of December 1960 as an opportunity to unpack what we understand as 'spontaneous' and 'organised' collective action. I argue that the demonstrations were spontaneous insofar as they were not planned in advance. They were also organised on the ground through the deliberate and coherent actions of the inhabitants of Algiers. Drawing on interviews conducted with Algerians who participated in the demonstrations, this paper demonstrates that the Algerian 'masses' understood much more about the political dynamics of the war than they have been given credit for. They acted autonomously and purposefully to liberate themselves. The paper opens with an examination of demonstrators' reasons for participating in December 1960, their goals and tactics, and the role of the National Liberation Front (FLN) in these extraordinary mass demonstrations. This discussion of the spontaneous organising of the December 1960 demonstrations leads us to re-examine, in turn, our understanding of the FLN as an organisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to enhance our understanding of intra-organizational trust in public organizations by studying interpersonal trust in both vertical and horizontal relationships from a bidirectional perspective. Previous research has focused on trust at a single level of analysis, ignoring influences from other organizational levels, which has led to gaps in our understanding of trust. In addition, few studies take a bidirectional perspective where a trustor is simultaneously a trustee and vice versa. Through a case study, we contributed to filling this gap by studying the antecedents of trust – ability, benevolence and integrity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the management of the Victorian local newspaper. While Victorian journalism has received a great deal of attention from historians its commercial aspect has been relatively neglected. The development of a few of the larger enterprises has been explored, but still little is known of the detailed organization and management of a Victorian provincial paper. The Victorians themselves recognized that the commercial aspect was vital to the whole institution of the Press, and the newspaper proprietor was commonly accorded a higher status than the mere journalist. Business records, however, are particularly vulnerable to the passing of time, and those of newspaper enterprises have also been subject to a more than usual proclivity for secrecy on the part of the proprietors. Further losses occurred as the result of structural change in the industry in the twentieth century. Such records as do survive are, therefore, all the more important, and it is from one such survival that an attempt is made to show how a small provincial paper was conducted.

This paper identifies three key understandings of the nature of story. Firstly, story is a factual report of events. Secondly, story is myth; a myth describes the storyteller's readily construed version of events. Finally, story is narrative, and narrative is a means of coming to understand events and constructing their reality. The paper reviews extant work in marketing and management fields to show how the analysis of story differs across these three understandings and to illustrate the types of knowledge that can be generated within each understanding of story. The paper argues that, in marketing research, story has predominantly been seen as report and analysed through the critical incident technique and that an extension of marketing's use of story can make a useful contribution to marketing knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public systems are facing increasingly complex challenges such as poverty and terrorism. In this paper, we seek to demonstrate the theoretical as well as practical value of complexity science, by investigating how key characteristics of a Complex Adaptive System (CAS) work out in practice within the intelligence organization of the ongoing nation-building mission in Mali (MINUSMA). Our main finding is that the learning properties of the CAS suffer when its structural properties are not sufficiently developed. In MINUSMA, major improvements can especially be made in (re)developing the minimum specs – in which strategic and operational demands, ideally, converge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Educational escape rooms are beneficial for student learning as it relates to critical thinking, decision making under time constraints and practical exploration of real-life work scenarios. This type of learning experience is beneficial across many disciplines with emphasis for healthcare management due to the dynamic nature and common pressures of professional healthcare. The following paper contributes to existing literature by presenting an educational escape room designed as a pedagogical innovation for teaching healthcare management. Future research and future assessment directives are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper takes a longitudinal perspective to explore China's media organisations' adoption of the WeChat public platform. Drawing from theories of organisation ecology and strategic exploitation/exploration, this paper identifies three strategies that media outlets adopted: borrowing other media outlets' content to form news flow networks, exploiting existing news production routines and exploring new forms of content creation by incorporating social media sources. Stochastic actor-oriented models (SAOM) were built to understand how thirty-five media outlets built news flow networks on WeChat and how such networks coevolved with exploitation and exploration. The results showed that media outlets could mobilise audiences and exhibit identity through news flow networks; although exploitation reduced organisations' dependence on the community, exploration was not found to make media outlets more popular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trust is an essential if often implicit aspect of co-design particularly when working in community-based, political and sensitive settings. Current co-design literature, however, remains fairly limited focusing on interactions between people as primary agents of trust. Drawing on research conducted with a poverty alleviation charity based in the UK, we illustrate how trust and distrust can also be mediated through material resources used in the co-design process. The paper highlights the significance of materials in negotiating the interdependencies of trust, in how distrust can be leveraged and trust can be supported through sensitive socio-material exchange conducted with resource limited community organisations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Planning of transport infrastructure in Sweden has undergone successive legislative changes as well as neoliberal corporatization and marketization reforms in recent years, with a general aim to increase efficiency and effectiveness. This paper presents planning practitioners' experiences of far-reaching marketization of physical planning practice in line with a strategy within the Swedish Transport Administration (STA) to become a 'Pure Purchaser'. The strategy implies that all practical planning work should be carried out by procured consultants. The paper follows a qualitative, explorative approach based on document studies and interviews with practitioners actively involved in carrying out physical planning of road and rail investments. The concept of 'modes of governance' is applied to highlight and analytically interpret differences in perspectives on efficient and effective governance as expressed in the planning legislation, and the STA marketization strategy, respectively. The empirical results make evident that the recent marketization reforms are generally perceived as strongly and negatively affecting the efficiency and effectiveness of planning practices while also circumscribing professional discretion. The study highlights the importance of specific organization and management perspectives as explanatory factors in studying efficiency and effectiveness of planning practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Management devices from industrial sectors are proliferating in the public sector, a trend now being accused of undermining the proper values of public organizations. A prominent example of such a management device is lean management, which is a set of principles and tools employed by contemporary management consultants to eliminate waste and promote value - often for the sake of efficiency. While lean management has been particularly welcomed in the healthcare sector, healthcare professionals are increasingly resisting attempts at leaning their work processes. Applying the notion of trials of valuation, this study empirically unfolds the conflicts arising when lean management is used to reorganize the task of distributing patients to beds in a children's hospital. Following the turn to value and the pragmatic tenet of studying values as the outcome of work, this paper suggests that the effects of a management device on the values of an organization can fruitfully be investigated for its ability to organize. Further, the paper contributes to the field of valuation studies with a heuristic to undertake such an investigation, directing attention towards the object of valuation, the temporal and spatial dimensions of the valuation situation, and the knowledge used to inform that valuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internal marketing issues have been discussed widely for a number of years yet this remains an area in marketing with many fundamental questions unanswered. Previous research has not satisfactorily addressed a number of crucial issues in its development. The lack of attention to detail has hindered its progress and thus relegated it to the sidelines. As part of a wider study which investigates internal marketing from a transaction cost perspective, this paper sets the scene and explores the different views and applications of internal marketing. It addresses those fundamental questions that have not been thoroughly considered in the past. What are the principles that form the foundations for internal marketing? Does internal marketing belong in all organizations? Is internal marketing merely synonymous with good human resource management or should the organization pursue internal marketing in conjunction with external marketing activities? Then, with the transaction cost framework in mind, this paper considers how internal marketing can be measured and whether it is necessary, merely nice, irrelevant or indeed illegitimate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural participation is associated with many benefits. Therefore, it is seen as an instrument to achieve social change and development. However, clear empirical proof for these claims is limited. There is a need for new frameworks and clear evaluation methods. This paper presents a conceptual framework that enables cultural organizations to understand the purposes of impact measurement. It also shows the steps cultural organizations can take to measure and manage their social impact. Consequently, it enables them to measure the impact on their beneficiaries while the lessons learned can help them to improve and manage their performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies have argued that gridlock in the multilateral trade regime has contributed to processes of regime shifting and creation through the expansion of regional and bilateral agreements. Scholars have long debated the impact of such agreements on the multilateral regime exploring their effect on the incentives of insiders, countries that have signed such agreements, and outsiders, countries that are excluded from such agreements. Based on interviews with officials from sixty member states at the World Trade Organisation, this paper examines this issue by analysing the behaviour of insiders and outsiders in the multilateral trade regime. While analysis of trade and investment diversion might lead us to predict that outsiders will have a stronger interest in the multilateral regime, I find that insiders, particularly middle powers, are key drivers of attempts to end the stalemate in the World Trade Organisation by championing what became known as Joint Statement Initiatives. I explain this position by the systemic support of middle powers to the multilateral regime and by the shift in trade governance towards deep integration issues in which discrimination against outsiders is infeasible or costly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]