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Improvement of selenium (Se) uptake in fruit tree can improve the source of food Se for humans. In this study, the effect of various abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations on the Se uptake in Cyphomandra betacea Sendt. (Solanum betaceum Cav.) seedlings was studied under Se stress. Only the concentration of 20 μmol/L ABA promoted the growth of C. betacea seedlings by increasing the biomass and regulating the resistance physiology under Se stress. ABA also increased the Se content in C. betacea seedlings under Se stress. The concentration of ABA at 20 μmol/L got the maximum root Se and shoot Se contents, which increased by 76.64% and 55.83%, respectively, compared with the control. Correlation and grey relational analyses showed that the peroxidase activity and proline content had the first two closest relationship with the shoot Se content. This study shows that ABA can promote the Se uptake in C. betacea under Se stress, and the concentration of 20 μmol/L ABA is the optimum for Se uptake and growth of C. betacea. Under selenium (Se) stress, abscisic acid (ABA) promotes the Se uptake in Cyphomandra betacea Sendt. (Solanum betaceum Cav.) seedlings, but only the concentration of 20 μmol/L ABA promotes the growth of C. betacea seedlings. The shoot Se content is most closely correlated with the peroxidase activity and proline content. This study shows that ABA can promote the Se uptake in C. betacea under Se stress [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify whether the auxin treatment could promote the growth and reduce the cadmium (Cd) of fruit trees, the effects of different concentrations of indole acetic acid (IAA, one of the auxin) on the biomass, Cd content, photosynthetic pigment content, photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activity, and soluble sugars content in Cyphomandra betacea seedlings under Cd stress were studied. As the IAA concentration increased, the biomass, photosynthetic pigment content, soluble sugars content, and net photosynthetic rate of C. betacea seedlings tended to first increase and then decrease, with maximum values in the 60 mg/L IAA treatment. The Cd contents in different organs decreased and then increased with increasing IAA concentrations, with the minimum value in the 60 mg/L IAA treatment. Compared with the control, IAA treatments enhanced the activities of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in the leaves of C. betacea seedlings and decreased the soluble protein content. Therefore, IAA treatments promoted growth, enhanced Cd resistance, and decreased the Cd content in C. betacea. The 60 mg/L IAA treatment was the most effective for promoting growth and decreasing the Cd content in C. betacea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of intercropping with cadmium (Cd) accumulator plant Eclipta prostrata and hyperaccumulator plant Crassocephalum crepidioides on the growth and Cd accumulation of tomato seedlings. In the preliminary experiment, intercropping with E. prostrata and C. crepidioides promoted the growth and decreased the Cd content in roots and shoots of tomato seedlings. In the further experiment, intercropping with E. prostrata and C. crepidioides had the same effects on the growth and Cd content of tomato seedlings as the preliminary experiment. In the further experiment, when three plant species (E. prostrate, C. crepidioides and tomato) intercropping together, the root and shoot biomasses of tomato seedlings got the maximum, and the Cd content in tomato seedlings got the minimum. Compared with the monoculture of tomato, three plant species intercropping increased the root and shoot biomasses of tomato seedlings by 49.28% and 64.19%, respectively, and decreased the Cd contents in roots and shoots of tomato seedlings by 17.35% and 22.35%, respectively. Intercropping with E. prostrata and C. crepidioides also increased the photosynthetic pigment content and enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activity of tomato seedlings. For accumulator and hyperaccumulator plants, intercropping with tomato inhibited the growth of E. prostrata and C. crepidioides, while increased the Cd content in two plant species. Therefore, intercropping with E. prostrata and C. crepidioides could promote the growth and reduce the Cd uptake of tomato seedlings, and three plant species intercropping together was the best combination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the cadmium (Cd)-accumulation characteristics of the post-grafting generation of Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendt., the seeds of C. betacea grafted on Solanum nigrum L., tomato, and eggplant rootstocks were collected and planted in Cd-contaminated soil. Compared with seeds of ungrafted seedlings, the S. nigrum rootstock increased the shoot biomass of the post-grafting generation of C. betacea seedlings, while eggplant and tomato rootstocks decreased or had no significant effects. Only the S. nigrum rootstock increased the chlorophyll a content, net photosynthetic rate, and stomatal conductance of the post-grafting generation of C. betacea seedlings, while the other rootstocks decreased or had no significant effects on these photosynthetic parameters. The S. nigrum rootstock enhanced the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and soluble protein content, of the post-grafting generation of C. betacea seedlings, while the other rootstocks reduced or had no significant effects on these parameters. The three rootstocks decreased the Cd contents in different organs of the post-grafting generation of C. betacea seedlings, and the order of treatments was ungrafted > tomato rootstock > eggplant rootstock > S. nigrum rootstock. Therefore, S. nigrum was the best rootstock to promote the growth and decrease the Cd contents in post-grafting generation of C. betacea, and this can benefit C. betacea production in Cd-contaminated areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contamination of orchard by cadmium (Cd) has recently increased in severity. To decrease the Cd content in fruit tree, a pot-based experiment was conducted to study the effects of intercropping with two Solanum species (Solanum alatum and Solanum diphyllum) on the growth and Cd accumulation of Cyphomandra betacea seedlings. The data revealed that intercropping with two Solanum species significantly increased the biomass, photosynthetic pigment contents, antioxidant enzyme activities, and soluble protein contents of C. betacea seedlings under Cd stress condition. The intercropping significantly decreased the Cd content in C. betacea seedlings. However, the intercropping significantly decreased the S. alatum and S. diphyllum biomasses, while increased the Cd content and accumulation in the roots and shoots of two Solanum species, and the Cd uptake by S. alatum was lower than that of S. diphyllum. Therefore, intercropping with these two Solanum species, especially S. diphyllum, may promote the growth and decrease the Cd content in C. betacea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study whether grafting can reduce the heavy metal uptake of Cyphomandra betacea, C. betacea seedlings were grafted onto three different rootstocks (eggplant, Solanum nigrum, and tomato) and planted in cadmium (Cd)contaminated soil. Compared with ungrafted seedlings, S. nigrum rootstock increased the biomass of different organs of C. betacea seedlings, while eggplant and tomato rootstocks decreased it or had no significant effect. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll contents of C. betacea seedlings were ranked as follows: S. nigrum rootstock > ungrafted > eggplant rootstock > tomato rootstock. The three rootstocks had no significant effects on the superoxide dismutase activity of C. betacea seedlings. Solanum nigrum rootstock enhanced the peroxidase and catalase activities and soluble protein content of C. betacea seedlings, while the other rootstocks reduced or had no significant influence on these parameters. The three rootstocks increased the Cd content of aboveground organs of C. betacea seedlings as follows: S. nigrum rootstock > eggplant rootstock > tomato rootstock > ungrafted. Grafting onto S. nigrum rootstock can therefore promote the growth of C. betacea; however, all rootstocks investigated in this study promote Cd uptake in C. betacea and thus cannot be used in Cd-contaminated areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this experiment, four cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator species (Crassocephalum crepidioides, Galinsoga parviflora, Sigesbeckia orientalis, and Solanum nigrum) were intercropped with grape (Vitis vinifera) cuttings together in Cd-containated soil to study the effects of intercropping with the Cd-hyperaccumulator plants on growth and Cd accumulation of grape seedlings. Compared with the monoculture, intercropping with S. nigrum increased the biomass of grape seedlings, but intercropping with the other three hyperaccumulator species decreased the grape seedling biomass. Intercropping with S. nigrum increased chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll contents in leaves of grape seedlings compared with the monoculture, whereas intercropping with the other three hyperaccumulator species showed either a decrease or no effect. Intercropping with hyperaccumulator plants had no significant effects on chlorophyll b and carotenoid contents in leaves of grape seedlings compared with the monoculture. Compared with the monoculture, intercropping with C. crepidioides, G. parviflora, S. nigrum and S. orientalis significantly decreased Cd contents in shoots of grape seedlings by 78.7%, 12.7%, 29.8% and 26.5%, respectively. Therefore, intercropping with hyperaccumulator plants can decrease Cd accumulation in grape, and intercropping with S. nigrum can also promote grape seedling growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]