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This paper investigates the concept of online learning community (OLC) to address the issues of teacher professional development practice in twenty-first-century Indonesia. Teachers in Indonesia are trained in a ‘conventional way’, hence, not ready to prepare the younger generations for entrance into the twenty-first-century complex life and work environment. The pedagogical transformation of a teacher can be facilitated through teacher professional development. Recent studies show that OLC holds great promise in improving teachers’ professional practice. This paper presents key results of the introduction and trialling of OLC with Indonesian teachers and teacher educators between 2009 and 2010 and aims to explore the feasibility of this model to support professional development of teachers in this era. The social learning interactions among community members were examined using Scardamalia’s Twelve Socio-Cognitive Determinants of Knowledge Building and Hoftsede’s Cultural Dimension Review for Indonesia. Karya ilmiah ini mengangkat topik mengenai penggunaan penggunaan komunitas pembelajaran online untuk meningkatkan kemampuan professionalisme pendidik Indonesia di abad 21. Seorang pendidik di abad ini tidak hanya diharapkan bisa mengajar mata pelajaran tertentu saja, tetapi juga harus bisa memberikan bekal kepada generasi muda untuk memasuki era kehidupan yang lebih kompleks. Sayangnya, banyak pendidik yang tidak siap untuk menyesuaikan diri dengan tantangan jaman ini karena mereka sudah terbiasa dengan pola pikir yang lama yang dibentuk dari system pendidikan yang tradisional. Perubahan pola mengajar guru sebenarnya bisa dilakukan melalui pendidikan profesional guru, tetapi pada prakteknya pendidikan guru yang ada saat inipun masih mengikuti sistem yang tradisional. Beberapa riset yang yang terakhir menunjukkan bahwa konsep komunitas pembelajaran online (OLC) cukup menjanjikan sebagai sarana untuk mendukung proses pengembangan profesional guru masa sekarang. Dalam riset yang dilakukan oleh peneliti, konsep ini diujicobakan dengan para pendidik di Indonesia sejak tahun 2009. Dalam kajian ini, peneliti menggunakan teori Knowledge Building yang dikembangkan oleh Scardamalia dan Cultural Dimension dari Hofstede untuk meneliti proses pembelajaran bersama dan interaksi sosial yang terjadi di dalam komunitas pembelajaran online ini. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a set of principles and operational guidelines for research and development (R&D) to better address natural resource management problems distilled in a series of workshops with more than 150 experts and practitioners. The principles and guidelines, a number of which relate to scaling issues, are illustrated with case studies from Zimbabwe and Indonesia. The former included research on watershed management for improved small-scale irrigation, while the latter focused on work with communities that had confronted logging companies, partly because of the negative impact of logging on water quality. The principles are grouped as follows: (a) learning approaches; (b) systems approaches, and (c) organisational models. Eleven operational guidelines for implementing the approach are suggested, arranged in three clusters. (a) working together (b) establishing the institutional and organisational framework; and (c) improving the approaches to suit the task The elements and strategies for two of these cornerstones (collaborative partnerships and scaling-up and scaling-out) are illustrated to indicate the quality needed to achieve appropriate implementation of the R&D approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]