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A weighted scaling method (WSM) is developed for the selection and modification of structure-specific earthquake records in time-history analysis. The matching errors and scaling factors are calculated by weighted least-squares method to match with target spectrum. The weight factors are determined by the modal-mass participation factors. The 3-, 9-, and 20-story steel moment-resisting frame structures are used as examples. Their mean structural responses were calculated by the WSM and the unweighted scaling method (USM). WSM is as accurate as USM for estimating mean structural responses, but WSM has a better capacity for reducing the variability of structural responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoswitches are attractive for various applications due to the fast, efficient, and reversible isomerization under controlling of light and heat. However, it's difficult to achieve reliable photoisomerization in the solid state because of the strong intermolecular aggregation, which is originated from the planar molecular structure and conjugated nature of photoswitches. Improving molecular distribution is a general and important method for promoting the isomerization properties in the solid state. This review presents recent progress for fabricating solid state photoresponsive materials based on the periodically distributed nanoporous structure of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Photoswitches including azobenzene, spiropyran, diarylethene, and donor-acceptor Stenhouse adduct have been reported to be integrated into the nanopores of MOFs as part of a backbone, linker, and guest. The potential to control photoisomerization by varying the physicochemical environment in the nanopores of MOFs was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]