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The recycling of municipal household solid waste (MHSW) is important for the environmental preservation and wellbeing of the society. In recent decades, continuous efforts in research, policy-making and municipal administration have led to improvements toward more sustainable MHSW recycling. However, MHSW recycling remains a major challenge for China. This paper analyzes the current value and potential value of MHSW recycling in order to guide residents to recycle MHSW effectively and to reduce the amount of recycle-worthy materials missing recycling. A multivariate probit model is developed to ascertain the current value and potential value of MHSW recycling. Results from a case study of Shanghai reveal that waste glass has low current value and low potential value, and waste plastics has low current value but high potential value. The results also indicate that the waste metal has high current value and high potential value, whereas waste paper has high current value but low potential value. These findings provide policymakers with useful information and rationale for directing efforts to achieve a better or optimal MHSW recycling practice. Implications: Be a multivariate probit model is developed to calculate the current value and potential value of MHSW recycling in order to guide residents to recycle MHSW and reduce an amount of miss-recycling materials. Our results have shown that waste glass has a low current value and a low potential value, waste plastics have a low current value and a high potential value. Regarding the waste metal, they have a high current value and a high potential value. For waste papers, the result indicates that it has a high current value and a low potential value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the impact of Internet infrastructure construction on enterprise transformation and upgrading and the underlying mechanisms using a progressive double difference model based on a quasi-natural experiment of the Chinese government's "broadband China" policy by matching A-share listed companies and city panel data from 2008–2019 in Shanghai and Shenzhen. The conclusions show that the "broadband China" policy can significantly promote the transformation and upgrading of enterprises in pilot cities. However, its effect shows a diminishing marginal contribution, and the policy is more effective for traditional manufacturing industries during the implementation period. Enhancing human capital and reducing internal transaction costs are two important channels for Internet infrastructure construction to help enterprises transform and upgrade. Combined with the life cycle theory, we find that the "broadband China" policy has the most significant impact on changing and upgrading enterprises in the growth and maturity stages, especially those in the manufacturing industry, but not those in the maturity and decline stages of the service industry. Finally, a series of robustness tests using Monte Carlo simulation, entropy balance method, and instrumental variables method, excluding other factors, show that the findings are still robust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration or segmentation of regional carbon prices implies that barriers may hinder prices from adjusting efficiently and impede linkages between regional carbon markets. Past studies have found that crossregional carbon prices in China tend to diverge, indicating unbalanced regional markets and that carbon cap-and-trade policies may be insufficiently effective. China's carbon trading pilots opened in 2013. Is the integration efficient? This is the research question addressed in this study. This paper uses the carbon prices of four carbon-trading pilot regions in China (i.e. Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Guangdong) over the period of January 1, 2014, to March 23, 2021, to explore whether prices are correlated across three dimensions: long-term convergence, short-term correlation, and volatility transmission by adopting a vector error correction model with heterogeneous variances. And by using longer-term daily data and empirical tests that can account for the multiple-faceted correlations, this paper provides evidence showing that long-term convergence and risk transfer between the four regional carbon prices exist, which indicates significant regional integration. The results indicate that the price behavior of the Beijing pilot is efficient and that the Shanghai pilot has the lowest volatility. The paper also documents an information transfer pattern. For example, the Beijing pilot is shown to be the leading risk transfer market, whereas the Shanghai pilot is shown to be the market where most risk is transferred. Contrary to findings elsewhere, our main results demonstrate that China's carbon markets exhibit integration efficiency and no imbalance between regions. This may be because the efficiency of China's carbon markets has improved over time. The evidence also implies that if a multi-dimensional correlation has not been considered, it may underestimate the efficiency of regional carbon prices' integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of a supply chain network (SCN) should address two conflicting objectives, i.e. inexpensive yet reliable operation. This paper presents models to choose supply facilities and determine distribution options while considering the expected risk of not serving customers attributed to supply shortages. The goal is to design a reliable network with a lower cost under traditional cost objectives. We formulate a stochastic mixed-integer biobjective programming model considering the protection of facilities and solve this problem with a progressive hedging algorithm (PHA). We examine the tradeoff curve between the cost and risk through a case study involving Shanghai in China. The results indicate that substantial improvements in reliability can be reached with a limited increase in the total cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently the Chinese government has been actively collaborating with nonprofit nongovernmental organizations to provide social welfare services to older adults at the community level. The role played by NGOs in facilitating governance has only recently gained attention in the literature on Chinese NGOs and urban governance. Addressing this gap, the paper advances geographers' understanding of State–NGO collaborations in facilitating urban governance in the Chinese context using fieldwork in Beijing and Shanghai on the provision of community eldercare services as an example. It also explains the political control of these NGOs and their changing role in the eldercare market. We argue that collaborations between the state and NGOs in China have gradually transferred eldercare services to the NGOs, and led to a fragmented welfare system, which, as a consequence, has facilitated entrepreneurial urban governance. The paper sheds light on community-based organizations, their collaboration with local governments, and how they have become not only welfare providers but a significant site for social control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expansion of high-speed railway (HSR) has opened up new freight capacity on traditional railway (TR) lines in China. In order to increase China’s railway volume of containers transported to port terminals, this paper estimates the HSR and TR modal splits for passenger transport. Then, the TR capacity used for passengers is calculated via traffic assignment model, and the number of passenger trains on TR lines is estimated and then deducted from total TR capacity. The remaining balance gives the freight capacity of a TR line. Moreover, a bi-level programming model is built to optimise the location of railway freight terminals and the corresponding train dispatching frequencies in a case in which trains on TR lines and trucks on highways are both used to transport containers to port terminals. The ports of Shanghai and Ningbo with their hinterlands are used as a case study for numerical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collective land rights reform in developing countries is promoted as a means of optimizing the use of land resources by clarifying property rights and encouraging land transfer. However, such mechanisms remain controversial, particularly as the overall cost – transaction, social, cultural – is often judged to be greater than the benefits obtained. In seeking to address whether this is always the case, this paper reports on a study of the "Three Rights Separation Reform" implemented in a Shanghai suburb, China. The paper argues that localized implementation of land rights reform can provided the context in which farmers feel more secure and have better expectations with respect to land rights, which can stimulate them to modernize and improve their farming practices. We argue that localized implementation, with a combination of top down regulations and bottom up practices, allied to both expert and tacit knowledges, effectively reduces the overall transaction cost and offers flexibility for the local community to find their own solutions under complex socio-economic conditions. We conclude by arguing that additional research and reforms are required to further reduce the transaction cost and enhance farmers' long-term expectations and experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the recovery period of consumer salmon purchase intention after food scares at the Xinfadi wholesale market in China during the COVID-19 pandemic and examines the impact mechanism of risk preference and risk perception on the period duration. Our empirical analysis is based on a survey of 655 salmon consumers in Beijing, Tianjin, and Shanghai. We estimate that the purchase intention recovery period lasts 21 weeks among the surveyed consumers after the shock. Although the epidemic risk levels of the three cities are different, there is a significant difference only in the recovery period from 5 to 7th weeks. The Cox proportional hazards model results further show that consumers with less risk-averse are more active in resuming purchase intention, and the effect of risk perception is just the opposite. Moreover, risk perception has a moderating effect on risk preference and recovery period. Finally, we put forward three possible policy implications: attaching nucleic acid detection certificate, strengthening cold chain management, and diversifying cooking methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sci-tech and finance plays an increasingly important role and have become an important driving force in economic development. In China, the problem of insufficient financial support for sci-tech innovation is important to enterprises. According to the internal relationship between different stages of Sci-tech and the finance system, this paper is aimed at exploring the efficiency measurement method between sci-tech and finance systems. Firstly the multi-stage collaborative structure of sci-tech finance is built, where the system of sci-tech is divided into three stages including the R&D stage, transformation stage of sci-tech achievements and industrialization stage, and the financing channel is the input of the finance system into the sci-tech system at different stages. The measurement method of the multi-stage collaborative efficiency between sci-tech and finance systems is put forward by the framework of network DEA. Then, taking China as an example, we collect the information of 30 provinces and cities from 2009 to 2016 and measure the efficiency of each system and the collaborative efficiency of the both. The efficiency's spatial correlation is tested by means of Moran index. Finally, the influencing factors of the collaborative efficiency are analyzed based on the spatial econometric regression model, which considers the financing channels and human capital. To sum up, there are significant differences in the sci-tech finance collaborative efficiency among regions in China. Among them, the collaborative efficiency of Beijing, Shanghai and Jiangsu ranks in the top three. Comparing the different stages of the sci-tech system, the commercialization stage is a weak link in many regions of China. Human capital and financing channels of sci-tech finance have different degrees of positive impact on the sci-tech finance collaborative efficiency. Among them, human capital plays a greater role in promoting the sci-tech finance collaborative development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a significant impact on business and economies globally. This paper aims to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on firm performance in China's high-tech industries. The population of this paper is 116 companies listed on the sci-tech innovation board (STAR market) of the Shanghai stock exchange. DuPont analysis is applied to measure firm performance including return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), asset turnover ratio (ATO), and profit margin. The empirical results show that the COVID-19 pandemic has a significant and negative impact on ROE, ROA, and ATO in high-tech industries, and research and development (R&D) investment has a moderating role in the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and firm performance. The findings may play a guiding role for corporate managers and policymakers to overcome this formidable crisis in the era of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to investigate the possible dual causality between exchange rates and stock indices of China and ASEAN using Structural Vector Auto-Regressive Model (SVAR). The paper has analysed the dynamic relationships between the Yuan and the Shanghai Composite Index and Shenzhen Stock Index in the context of China's third largest trading bloc, i.e., ASEAN, after the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997. The Asian Financial Crisis of 1997–98 had an adverse impact on stock indices and the currencies of ASEAN countries. It was also expected that a devaluation of the Yuan would follow soon, thus plummeting investors' confidence in the Chinese markets. Further research was needed to explore the complex relationship between financial and forex markets in the context of China and ASEAN. The focus of this paper is to explore such relationship with the focus on China. The results of the model confirm the dual causality between the two variables of interest in China. It concludes that a positive financial shock does have a small but significant impact upon the Yuan, whereas a positive exchange rate shock has a high and a significant impact upon the Shanghai and Shenzhen Composite Indices. The paper finds the effect of monetary and demand shocks upon the Yuan and stock market indices to be insignificant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban rail transit usually contains many small radius curved tracks, and wheel flange wear is prominent, which greatly reduces the service life and increases the maintenance and replacement costs of wheelsets. Two metro lines in Shanghai of China had suffered from severe flange wear since 2017, and the flange wear rate increased gradually over the next three years. This paper presents the understanding and treatment of severe flange wear through field measurement and numerical simulation. The investigation results indicated that the key factors causing severe flange wear were poor rail gauge face lubrication, the use of a low conicity wheel profile for trains running on the two metro lines containing many small radius curved tracks, and the lack of timely maintenance of low rail profiles. Three countermeasures were proposed to mitigate wheel flange wear, which were evaluated through wheel–rail matching analysis and wheel wear prediction. Then, two countermeasures, i.e. improving rail gauge face lubrication and employing the LM-30 wheel profile, were verified through field tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With reference to the heads of departments of moral education (HDMEs) in Shanghai's junior secondary schools, this paper explores middle leaders' logics for leading school-organized extra-curricular activities (SEAs). This qualitative study, guided by Woulfin's lived logic framework, found that the interviewed HDMEs actively reinterpreted the institutional logics with three logics—expressive, instrumental, and hierarchical—by manipulating policy circulation, responding to the performative accountability and micropolitics in the hierarchy, and using correlative thinking. The lived logics of leading SEAs reveal that, as heads of a marginalized department in schools, the HDMEs struggled to seek visibility by using correlative thinking, promoting the importance of their work, and aligning with more helpful senior leaders. The study responds to theories on school middle leadership and implementation logic. It could deepen our understanding of the paradoxes in China's development and governance, especially in areas concerning both measurable performance and unmeasurable issues (e.g. ideology and sustainable development). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the relationship between business strategy and sustainability of Chinese SMEs and how the environmental uncertainty may affect this relationship. It analyses the impact of active and passive business strategies on firms' sustainability and tests the potential moderating role of economic policy uncertainty in this relationship. The empirical analysis is performed by employing fixed-effect and GMM estimations on data collected from 937 Chinese A-share non-financial companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2010 to 2021. The results show that the high-risk active business strategy of innovation and new market development is associated with greater business sustainability, and this relationship is stronger for SMEs than for non-SMEs in China. Moreover, higher economic policy uncertainty strengthens the positive relationship between active business strategy and firm sustainability, implying that in periods of higher environmental uncertainty firms which pursue active business strategy achieve greater business sustainability. These findings are useful for devising business strategy and can assist in formulating policy initiatives seeking to ensure sustainable development of SMEs in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public participation in public infrastructure megaprojects (PIMs) is ineffective, and research on the issues of informal institutions' influence on stakeholders is limited. The present study answered how informal institutions influence the practices of public participation while conflicts occur among stakeholders. Two PIMs in China were used as case studies to investigate the effects of informal institutions. The paper suggests that the adversarial relationships among stakeholders can be reconciled by recognizing that informal institutions encompass the social responsibility of PIMs (SR-PIMs) and culture. Results also showed that effective public participation entails the fulfillment of SR-PIMs by responsible behaviors of stakeholders and the positive effect of cultural tension, enabling participatory awareness of stakeholders. This study improves understanding of how to mobilize stakeholders in practice with responsible behaviors to reach a consensus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing emphasis of the government on the importance of Party organisations in China's state-owned enterprises (SOEs), we need to pay more attention to its role in the operation of enterprises. As the research on board of directors emphasises the central position of the chairman, this paper focuses on the top leader of the Party organisation, namely the Party Committee Secretary. Based on upper echelon theory, this paper proposes the relationship between the technology background of a Party Committee Secretary and firm's innovation efficiency, and how this relationship is moderated by position duality and environment dynamism. Using the data of China's listed SOEs which issue A-shares in Shenzhen and Shanghai stock exchanges from 2014 to 2016 and operate in the manufacturing industry, the main effect and moderating effects are tested. We find that the existence of a Party Committee Secretary with technology background positively affects the SOE's innovation efficiency. In addition, this relationship is strengthened by environment dynamism. Our conclusions not only enrich literature about upper echelon theory and determinants of firm's innovation, but also are helpful for improving corporate governance in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the difference-in-difference (DID) methodology, this paper empirically investigates the impact of the current anti-corruption campaign on the share of labour income in China. Using a firm-level data on Chinese corporations listed on Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 2009 to 2015, we find that the campaign contributes to the rise in the labour income share, while there is considerable heterogeneity. The magnitude of the effect depends on firm's ownership and market power. This paper advances the existing studies examining the nexus between corruption and income distribution from a novel perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses doctor-patient communication about C-sections (CSs) in Shanghai, China. Specifically, we examine the information discrepancies between obstetricians' and patients' perceptions of CS and the important factors affecting shared decision-making. We conducted semi-structured individual interviews with 12 postnatal women who experienced CS and with 12 obstetricians. We identified barriers to patient-doctor communication and shared decision-making: obstetricians' lack of time in outpatient prenatal visits to explain the implications of CSs, family members' knowledge and opinions on CSs, and information from media and social networks. The lack of communication between the expectant women and the obstetricians was driving the women's distrust in the latter. The lack of obstetricians' time to communicate with the pregnant woman led to low trust in the medical staff and overutilization of CS, whereas a lack of financial resources led to underutilization of CS. The obstetricians suggested providing expectant women with more education programs and midwifery support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a sustainable transportation alternative, cycling has been developed by many large cities as one essential measure for addressing the "last mile problem" in urban areas with high mobility demand. Developing a safe and friendly lane network for cycling has become an urgent task for governments, especially for many Chinese cities encountering a rapid increase in the use of "dockless" shared bikes, such as Mobike and Ofo. The emergence of such kind of app-driven dockless bike sharing systems results in a fast growth in the cycling mobility demand, and leads to a gap between the growing demand and the existing cycling infrastructure. Therefore, it is imperative to have a good understanding of the cycling travel demand and its infrastructure, and in turn to bridge the supply-demand gap. In this paper, we employ data mining techniques including graphic clustering algorithm, Louvain Method, on a large data set from one of the largest bike sharing companies in China. Then we applied the methodology in two cases in Shanghai, including a campus and an urban area. Typical cycling patterns in the spatial and temporal dimensions are identified automatically by the cluster analysis. It is also found that the construction of the cycling infrastructure is closely related to three factors: non-negligible impact of points of interest (POIs), geographical barriers, and temporal variance of the network. Managerial insights and policy measures are proposed accordingly for improving the cycle lane network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shanghai's lockdown from April to May 2022 attracted worldwide attention. While the rest of the world has generally chosen to live with Covid-19, China still sticks to its elimination strategy, i.e. the dynamic Covid-zero policy. This paper considers this policy and its economic implications. First, this study describes the policy and provides a quantitative description of its development based on Google Trends data and the Baidu index. Second, we explore the economic impacts of the March – May 2022 lockdown and concludes that they were less severe – and the policy responses were also smaller – than those in early 2020. However, one major difference is that Chinese household and corporate sectors have much weaker expectations than in early 2020, and as a consequence, policy responses may also be less effective. Third, from the perspective of stock markets, which can be seen as an expected value of all possible scenarios in the future, this study finds that China's Covid-zero policy is considered to be detrimental to the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivated by the popularity of 'Run away from Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou' saying in China this paper tests the determinants of subjective well-being (SWB) of long-term migrants and the extent to which migrants make optimal locational decisions in terms of SWB. China's cities are divided into 4 core first-tier cities, 15 new first-tier cities, and non-first-tier cities (94 in the sample) reflecting different levels of economic opportunity and amenities. Migrants can only be observed in their present location. Hence, we use a semi-parametric marginal treatment effect method to compare actual and counterfactual SWB outcomes. Results shows that migrants' SWB is greater in non-first-tier cities than first-tier cities; the determinants of SWB differ for male and female migrants; and, female migrants with urban hukou are typically better off in the four core first-tier cities as well as other first-tier cities. Overall, there is thus a marked gender differences in migrants' optimal locational choice. From a productivity and social cohesion perspective, these results make it imperative that public policy in China addresses the gender and spatial sorting imbalances that arises from differences in SWB determinants and optimal location as ever more educated young people join the labour force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This framing and discourse analysis documents the news coverage of a fire in Shanghai by the Chinese press, represented by a party-organ newspaper and three metro dailies. The findings illustrate the way commercial metro dailies side with their urban civic-minded readers to create an alternative news discourse that differs from that of the party journalism in China. The discourse analysis provides an empirical illustration of a new constructionist approach to community structural analysis. The interaction between the press and the online public, and the convergence of news production and consumption processes, have essentially changed the news framing process. This signifies a shift of the journalist paradigm towards a participatory model in the contemporary Chinese news environment. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

More and more attention is being paid to natural ventilation in the planning and design of residential areas. We studied the relationship between the layout of buildings in a residential area and the wind environment to avoid the negative impacts of wind environment, improve the quality of life and the environment, and save energy. In this paper, Air-pak software is used to simulate the wind environment of a residential community in Shanghai, China and analyze the air field caused by wind passing over the buildings. The combination of residential district planning and computer simulation software has obvious advantages. And some advice about how to plan the outdoor layout will be given in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines both the traditional and the modern aspects of the lilong, traditional low-rise row houses adapted from the Western tradition to accommodate the families of Chinese workers from the beginning of the Treaty Port era in the late 19th century to the establishment of the People's Republic in 1948. The paper aims to redefine the abstract concept of the lilong, arguing for their potential to be rethought as a typology of low-medium rise-high density (LMRHD) housing today. In particular, the paper delivers a practical answer to a conceptual question: how does lilong provide the dwelling identity of Shanghai, China, taking into account its form, meaning, and culture? The emergence of both lilong and Western modern housing is rooted in a crisis of space and the economic drive of modern cities. Lilong architecture and the normative living programme embedded in the typology of modern housing have been proper development housing strategies in modern Shanghai. By closely examining both the physical and community aspects that make lilong a mediating agency between Chinese locality and Western modernity, the paper presents the assumption that the architecture of lilong does not confine itself to certain forms or physical configurations; instead it is an “abstract concept” of an urban neighbourhood - the spatial organization, architectural practicality, casual formation of semi-private space, and community lane-life - a concept that should be taken into account for the design of urban housing today. The redefinition of lilong is a conceptual idea that will serve as a point of departure for the last part of the paper: a discussion of the possibility to develop this housing strategy for today's situation. This paper also presents the preliminary strategies for the designing of the new LMRHD housing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of investors' online searching on the pricing efficiency of the capital market from the perspective of stock price synchronization. Using the Chinese firms listed in the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 2013 to 2019, we find that the more investors' online searches there are, the less serious the stock price synchronization issue is. Consistent with the notion that online search facilitates the inclusion of more company-specific information in stock prices, we find that the effect of investors' online searching on weakening the company's stock price synchronization is more pronounced for companies with worse stock liquidity and higher separation of control rights and cash flow rights. Moreover, we demonstrate that investors' online searching can weaken stock price synchronization by reducing irrational herding behavior. A further examination of the herding behavior of different investors reveals that online searching mainly plays a role in reducing the herding behavior of individual investors. Collectively, these results indicate that online searching is important for investors to gain greater access to valuable information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the carbon disclosure quality of China's Shenzhen-Shanghai listed companies and its impact on investor protection, this paper constructs an evaluation index framework for carbon disclosure quality. The content analysis and principal component factor analysis methods were used to calculate the index score of the carbon disclosure quality, while empirical research on investor protection indexes was carried out by the method of variance weighting. This study found that an improvement in carbon disclosure quality can effectively protect the interests of investors, especially those of controlling shareholders and minority shareholders, but the degree of protection of large shareholders' interests decreases with the improvement in the quality of carbon disclosure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latecomer technology imitation and learning is an important driving force to enhance their competitiveness and total factor productivity (TFP). This paper constructs green TFP (GTFP) based on the SBM–Global–Luenberger index, using Chinese provincial panel data from 2003 to 2017. The marginal effects of foreign direct investment (FDI), outward foreign direct investment (OFDI), import and export, and intangible and total international technology spillovers (ITS) on GTFP were assessed. These effects were analysed under the influence of absorption capabilities such as research and development intensity, economic and financial, and openness. A spatial diffusion model based on three diffusion sources in China's first-tier cities, Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, was constructed to describe the heterogeneous impacts of ITS on GTFP under the marketisation of diffusion sources. We found: (1) ITS based on exports and OFDI promote economic, imports and FDI are relatively small, independent technological innovation is the dominant source of economic growth. (2) Considering spatial diffusion, the contribution of Beijing's ITS is relatively weak, and Shanghai's contribution is stronger. Coastal areas have the largest marginal effect of ITS on GTFP, and ITS do not attenuate as geographic distances increase. (3) The market has a multiplier effect, modifying the relationship between ITS and GTFP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the formation of overseas Chinese communities in cities constitutes a major trend in reform era China, conceptualisations of the relationship between the overseas Chinese and China remain divided. The overseas Chinese are seen either as temporary migrants with little attachment to the country or as inescapably connected to China through native place. This paper aims to move beyond this dichotomous understanding by examining the processes of place-making among overseas Chinese Christians in Shanghai, one of China’s major urban centres. It draws on ethnographic research conducted within a Christian network and illustrates how these Christians negotiated the forces of global capitalism, state regulations, and an indigenous Christian trajectory to construct a religious territory and centre Shanghai as home. By showing how they understand their place as Christians, this paper argues that economic restructuring in the reform period enabled the emergence of cities as new centres where the overseas Chinese are making a place for themselves. It contributes to the literature on the overseas Chinese and China by redirecting attention from the native place as the locus of overseas Chinese attachment to the city as a new centre of belonging.  [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Some types of government R&D incentives, such as subsidies and the High-and-New Technology Enterprise (HNTE) programme in China, are considered selective because they are given to few eligible firms. The selection process necessitates firm signalling and thus may influence R&D activities before the policy takes effect. This paper explores the innovation behaviour of firms in both the period of preparing to apply for the incentives (application period) and the period after obtaining the incentives (execution period). The empirical results show that subsidy programmes can effectively encourage firms to carry out substantive innovation, while HNTE programme stimulates deceptive innovation in the application period and suppresses innovation motivation in the execution period. This result implies that the HNTE programme fails, at least in the short run, to drive substantive innovation. Comparison of the two policies also shows that information gathering and inspection may reduce firm deviation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to provide a macro perspective to explanations of the AH premium, that is, the A and H share price differences of cross-listed companies, particularly the surge of the AH Premium Index after 2015: after the initiation of Shanghai–Hong Kong Stock Connect (SH Connect) in November 2014, the AH Premium Index jumped from 115.8 to 126.4, with a significant decline in its variance. We find that the impacts of US Dollar Index shocks dominated the overall changes in the AH premium on an individual equity basis over 2007–2019. Moreover, the US Dollar Index explains 50%-70% of the changes in the AH Premium Index, and investors' expectations of the Chinese economy add another 10% to the explanatory power. Segregating the impact of the US Dollar Index, the average AH Premium Index only increased 2.7 percentage points, from 98.8 to 101.5. Further, after the initiation of SH Connect, the prices of cross-listed shares have been more responsive to exchange rate information. Over a longer term, SH Connect may have reduced the impacts of the US Dollar Index and increased the impacts of effective prices on equity prices. These findings demonstrate that hedging foreign exchange risks is the main reason for investment in H shares of mainland firms and, as a result, enhancing RMB foreign exchange rate flexibility is the core component as well as precondition for financial market opening in China. When market conditions permit, policy makers and regulators should consider a pilot program allowing investors to arbitrage the H shares of mainland firms with the AH premium in a reasonable range. This may further reduce the AH premium and enable the share prices to converge in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teacher collaborative learning is currently a trending topic within the international fields of school education reform and teachers' professional development. Schools in China have a long history of teacher collaboration, but have also faced problems such as formalism in their activities, excessive administrative overtones, and so on. Drawing on a questionnaire survey of 972 teachers at 31 schools in Shanghai, this study found that the teachers generally exhibited relatively high levels of collaborative learning, with a certain degree of difference between teachers by gender, subject, and educational attainment, as well as between schools based on their level, geographical location, size, and history. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the relationship between the environmental factors of school organizations and teacher collaborative learning, finding that supportive leadership, collaborative atmosphere, and organizational structure had a significant positive influence on teachers' daily inquiry and collaboration, while cultural barriers had a significant negative influence on teachers' daily inquiry and collaboration; supportive leadership and organizational structure had a significant positive influence on student learning-oriented collaboration, while collaborative atmosphere and cultural barriers did not have a significant influence on student learning-oriented collaboration. This paper further engages in the discussion of the situated nature of teacher collaborative learning, as well as how schools promote teacher collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A main purpose of the present study was to examine and compare attitudes toward inclusive education between parents of children with ASD, parents of typically developing children, and classroom teachers in China. The investigators also sought to explore factors influencing different stakeholders' perspectives. An attitude survey was distributed to 14 institutions in Shanghai and Anhui Province in China, including four kindergartens, two elementary schools, four special schools, and four private training agencies. Seven hundred and twelve responses were received, including 170 from parents of children with ASD, 337 from parents of typically developing children, and 197 from classroom teachers. Both multivariate and univariate analyses were conducted to compare differences in attitudes between groups. The results indicate that parents of children with ASD held the most positive attitudes toward inclusion, whereas classroom teachers held the least positive attitudes toward the inclusion of children with ASD. Further analyses revealed that not only were adults' attitudes influenced by their identities as parents or teachers, but their background may also influence how they perceive inclusive education. The findings of the study provided a comprehensive view on how different parties perceive inclusive education of ASD. It also provided empirical evidence that inclusion generally has a positive impact on people's attitudes toward ASD. Implications and suggestions for future research and practices were further discussed in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper illustrates the development of training and performativity in a Chinese regional opera form: the all-female Shanghai Yue Opera (YueJu). All-female YueJu is currently the second largest opera form, out of over 360 different opera genres, in China. Its reputation rests on its femininity, which is expressed through music, gender roles and movements. YueJu is often compared to Beijing Opera (JingJu); whilst Beijing Opera (JingJu) is regarded as representing the Chinese national Yang culture, YueJu is representative of the national Yin culture. This Cosmological Yin–Yang balance, based on Neo-Confucian ideologies, symbolises the ultimate harmony of a society and brought about YueJu's legitimacy. This paper suggests that YueJu's femininity is a process of gender reconstruction, through training and performativity, formed under socio-psychological criteria and presented according to a particular political preference in history. YueJu's development reveals the deeply embedded masculine domination in modern Chinese society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last half century or so, China has probably experienced more dramatic and fundamental changes than most other societies. Housing and family life have been embedded in a series of far-reaching societal changes, notably the communist victory of 1949, the period of the Cultural Revolution and the more recent drive towards a more market oriented society, with housing reforms at the forefront. This paper examines the way in which housing histories among families in Shanghai were shaped by these events and by their interaction with specific intergenerational dynamics. The paper draws on research carried out in Shanghai in 2008 which involved in-depth interviews with individual members of three linked generations. The research provides a unique account of family housing histories over three generations against a particularly turbulent backcloth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper articulates the development of a scale to measure the expected CSR in professional football clubs from a community's perspective and to explore the expectations of CSR in professional football clubs by Chinese citizens. An initial scale containing 39 items along eight dimensions was first developed before an empirical survey study was conducted in which data was collected from a sample of 300 residents from Shanghai. A CFA analysis and modification resulted in a seven-factor instrument of 29 items. Among the factors, 'responsibility to spectators' was rated the most important, followed by 'youth educational initiatives', 'responsibility to employees', 'financial responsibility'; 'health initiatives', and 'environmental initiatives', with 'philanthropic activities' considered the least important factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the trading mechanism of China pilot carbon emission trading market and figure out whether the current market price is rational and valid. By applying directional distance function and stochastic frontier analysis method, we estimated the CO2 marginal abatement cost of 92 coal-fueled generators belonging to 27 power plants located in Shanghai which is one of the pilot carbon emission trading market cities in China. The result indicates that the market price will greatly affect the trading activities within carbon emission trading market. We conclude that the current market price is not rational for coal-fueled power industry which is high-carbon and high CO2 MAC industry. When the exchange of nationwide carbon trading market formally start, policymakers should impose carbon tax or carbon emission quota to adjust the market price and stimulate the CO2 emission reduction willingness of coal-fueled power plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through ethnographic materials gathered from participant observation and interviewing in and beyond corporate contexts in Shanghai, this paper shows how a culture of overtime work was sustained and legitimated in urban China and how white-collar workers endured, rationalized, and accommodated it. In particular, I discuss forms of managerial control imposed on white-collar workers and social control prevalent in the workplace, to shed light on the formation of a kind of corporate governmentality in urban China and its implications for shaping the personhood of workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the People's Republic of China (PRC), educational expansion together with the promotion of market competition is taken as a measure of addressing a structural rural–urban divide in educational inequality. In following the emotional journeys of pursuing a bachelor's degree for 32 rural students in four elite universities in Shanghai, this paper explores an emotive impact of such a measure on rural students. Despite feeling pride at getting into university, many respondents were ashamed because of their perceived academic and social inadequacies vis-à-vis their urban classmates. The stigmatisation of the rural accentuated their feelings of shame and even made many respondents not feel confident about seeking a career in a city. An individualistic approach framed in a self-reliance discourse, even in a socialist society, to address structural educational inequality, is doomed to fail to confront an unequal opportunity structure, but offloads the cost of change, including the emotional cost, to individual students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social Sciences in China is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines whether the market-making system helps to improve the price discovery ability of New Third Board (NTB) market in China. We first estimate the time-varying coefficients error correction models, then apply common factor weight method to quantify the time-varying price discovery contributions, and finally explore the impacts of trading volume and volatility to price discovery contributions. Empirical results show that both markets have time-varying characteristic in terms of the magnitudes and directions of the equilibrium price adjustment due to error correction term. The Shanghai Composite Index, SZSE Component Index, and SME Index are found to lead in price discovery, while NTB exhibits the leadership on the GEM Index. Volume and volatility have significant influence on the price discovery contribution. The NTB contribution is positively related to its own trading activity, negatively related to the trading activity of Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets, while negatively correlated with the volatility of both markets. In comparison, trading activity of SZSE Component Index and volatility of GEM Index have the greatest negative impacts on the contribution of NTB market. As an important part of China's multi-level capital market, the pricing mechanism of the NTB market needs further to be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social & Cultural Geography is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Moving beyond conventional accounts of gated communities typically devoted to issues on housing choices and urban segregation, this paper offers a nuanced perspective by demonstrating how the moral ordering of urban spaces is fundamental in shaping territoriality and exclusion in Shanghai's gated communities. Specifically, the paper argues how territoriality in Shanghai's gated communities is invariably bound up in a moral distinction between the 'urban(e)' and 'rural' that revolves around the moral discourses on civilised modernity. Such a moral order, as the paper contends, parallels the logic of hegemony such that class and social exclusion are refigured and depoliticised while the defence of luxury and privileges are simply recast as questions of differing civilised lifestyle and morality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese marketing is evolving, and this is having a dramatic influence on the incomes and spending patterns of consumers. Set against these longer-run trends, the contribution of this paper is to examine the year-on-year persistence of brand purchasing and behavioural brand loyalty in packaged goods markets in China. Revealed preference data for two product categories (toothpaste and soy sauce) in two contrasting cities (Shanghai and Xi'an) are analysed, with particular attention being paid to whether brand purchasing and behavioural brand loyalty are invariant over a five-year period. Conceptually, the NBD-Dirichlet model of brand choice and purchase incidence is employed. Analysis shows that patterns found in the Chinese data are quite similar to those reported previously for Western markets, with invariant results over time - notwithstanding supply-side and demand-side changes over the study period. In particular, the double jeopardy effect and multi-brand loyalty are consistently observed in the toothpaste and soy-sauce markets in both cities over the full five-year period. Results distinct to the Chinese market are also identified: exclusive brand loyalty appears to be declining in favour of multi-brand loyalty, and there are between-city differences in the magnitude of this decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese consumers have been the most dynamic driving forces during China's two decades of reforms. The purpose of this research is to get insight into the Shanghai consumers' consumption, perceptions, and uses with regard to food products. It provides detailed information about consumers' consumption habits, market outlet choices and consumption trends. Furthermore, this paper identifies the most important variables which influence the frequency of consumers' consumption of selected food products. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

China's current experiences with globalism, localism, and advertising can be informed by a consideration of earlier encounters with these forces in Shanghai of the 1930s. In this paper, we examine a popular advertising medium of the time: the poster ad, or yuefenpai. These ads are analyzed semiotically, with a focus on the different ways in which the global transformed and was transformed by traditional Chinese culture in Old Shanghai. Implications for the role of advertising in transforming society are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop a valuation model of companies under financing constraints and investment time lags. Moreover, we investigate the specific time lag effect of investment on company value through Panel-VAR models using data from 622 companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges in China from 2011–2019. The impact of cash flow and debt financing cost on company value is also dissected. The results indicate a one-period time lag effect for the investment. Cash flow is more valuable to finance-constrained companies than to non-financing constrained companies. The debt financing costs of finance-constrained companies is positively related to company value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the publication of the third assessment report of The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, vulnerability to climate change has become an important research question. Vulnerability assessment on the urban scale has become a major issue. This paper describes a conceptual framework for modelling vulnerability at the urban scale, the Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment model. The model is applied to Shanghai, a typical geographically vulnerable and rapidly-urbanizing case study area. Using Arc-GIS, a vulnerability map was created for understanding the spatial dynamics of climate change vulnerability in Shanghai. An additional process, combined with the weighting coefficients, produced different vulnerable areas. Based on the vulnerability map, we located several high risk areas. The vulnerability of each area was assessed. Identifying the risks in each case and associating them with a specific region can be useful for decision makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for agile governance to effectively address and prevent future global crises. Scholars have examined China's grid system and its application by local governments in controlling the spread of COVID-19. Our research supports these findings, and we further argue that the grid system enhances responsiveness, inclusiveness, and transparency in governance, thereby benefiting both the government and its citizens. Through a detailed case study of grid governance in the M District of Shanghai from July 2020 to August 2022, we explore the operational mechanisms of the grid system. By incorporating the safety valve theory, we propose that the community grid, the smallest administrative unit in China, functions as an institution to issue pre-emptive warnings, integrate communities, and alleviate pressures during times of crisis, contributing to governance agility. As grid governance has constantly been strengthened, this research not only advances our comprehension of the effectiveness of grassroots governance in China, but also offers valuable insights pertaining to crisis management in mega-cities worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the anticipation that the legal system would be able to offer a civilized and institutionalized means in settling the infringement of homeowners' property and consumer rights, empirical evidence has instead indicated a decline in the employment of litigation in dispute resolution. This paper attempts to examine the complex interaction between the rule of law and homeowner activism in upholding their rights. Information on property related litigation was collected from online court rulings in Shanghai which is supplemented with in-depth interviews with homeowner activists who were involved in litigation. In this paper, the rule of law in China is analysed within a wider socio-political context of neighbourhood governance and the emerging civil society. Despite the inadequacy in the legal system in protecting homeowners' rights, empirical evidence has shown that homeowner activists have explored the legal system, not just as a means of redress but also to employ creatively as part of their action strategy in settling their problems outside the court. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]