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It is a text book for corrosion engineers and scientists studying to PhD level and would be useful for scientists and engineers to use as a reference manual. Chapter headings include: Corrosion Thermodynamic and equilibrium potentials Electrode kinetics Corrosion types Corrosion environments Determining corrosion rates Optimal material and surface selection for corrosion protection The book could be of interest to readers with no background in corrosion as each section covers the basic principles and continues on to the complex science involved in the corrosion process. It not only covers the corrosion of metals but also the degradation (corrosion) of other materials. [Extracted from the article]

In May 2017, Denmark and China signed a film co-production agreement, marking Denmark as the first and only Nordic country to establish such a treaty with China. Taking two recent China-Denmark film co-productions as examples, Bille August's The Chinese Widow (2017) and Lin Jianjie's Brief History of a Family (2024), this paper investigates why China chose to sign a film agreement with Denmark and vice versa. It also examines the cultural and film policies that catalysed the emergence and development of this new co-production partnership. This paper aims to address two emergent trends in transnational screen studies: conceptual engagement with soft power and transnational talent development. It discusses how cinema serves as an instrument for states, institutions, and corporations to mediate diplomatic and political goals, generate soft power, and engage in nation branding. This paper argues that the transformation in geopolitical relationships between these two countries and their respective film and cultural policies over the past decade has led to this new collaborative partnership. Furthermore, it suggests that the latest European cultural policies supporting Sino-European co-production and transnational talent development have facilitated Sino-Danish film co-production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the year 1999 all Sea viewing Wide Field of view Sensor (SeaWiFS) scenes of the Danish waters from the North Sea to the Baltic Sea were browsed, and a total of 47 SeaWiFS scenes with reasonably low cloud cover and, therefore, potential in situ match-ups were found and processed. The in situ data used as match-ups were collected on routine monitoring cruises by Danish and Swedish environmental authorities. A few stations in the North Sea, Skagerak and the western Baltic Sea were sampled, while most stations were located in Kattegat and the inner Danish waters. A turbid water SeaWiFS atmospheric correction algorithm was applied, since the standard SeaWiFS algorithm for chlorophyll- a (CHL) has been shown to be fairly inaccurate in turbid coastal waters. This is due to both inaccurate atmospheric and to relatively high and variable abundance of yellow substance. The application of the turbid atmospheric correction substantially improved the SeaWiFS CHL estimates. Regressions between SeaWiFS estimates using the OC2 and OC4 algorithms used in the SeaDAS software (versions 3.3 and 4.0, respectively) and in situ CHL values were made as well, and regression with a number of other possible reflectance ratios with SeaWiFS channels. The best correlation was found to be R 2 =0.54 using a double-ratio algorithm using both R510/R555 and R443/R670, while the OC4v4 had the second best correlation of R 2 =0.39. Among other single ratios, the R510/R555 had the highest correlation with CHL, which was expected since this is also the ratio that OC4v4 most often switches to in the waters investigated here. The range of CHL concentrations in this study was rather limited (all but three points from 0.5-3 mg m -3 ) so there is a need for inclusion of more data to expand the concentration range. This should be possible using also data from 2000, 2001 and onwards and, hereafter, a more 'stable' empirical algorithm can be derived for the Danish waters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the Copenhagen, Denmark summit on European Union (EU) enlargement held on December 12-13, 2002, which declined to give Turkey a firm date for accession negotiations. EU's agreement on a document setting out terms in which Turkey could begin negotiating its membership of the EU; Cautious welcome given by the EU to Turkey's program of social and economic reforms.

In this paper, we consider, from critical perspectives, the ways in which research assessment governs the production of academic knowledge and can contribute to epistemic injustices. This issue is examined through a fieldwork study in 2018 of the implications of the Danish Bibliometric Indicator for research in a humanities department of a research-intensive Danish university. We draw on Connell's Southern Theory in conjunction with Bourdieu's work on language and power to show how humanities research in the Danish language is pushed onto the periphery of global disciplinary fields. The paper highlights that regimes of governance such as bibliometric research assessment affect not only what is published and where but also what is recognised as scientific or academic language. Such regimes can contribute significantly to the generation and reproduction of epistemic injustices through limitations on how, and by whom, legitimate knowledge is defined, produced and promulgated. We argue that it is time to recognise this as the colonisation of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients previously examined for cancer with a negative result may present in general practice with ongoing or new symptoms or signs suggestive of cancer. This paper explores the potential existence of a relatively safe period for cancer occurrence after receiving negative examination results for specific types of cancer, including lung (CT thorax), upper gastrointestinal (gastroscopy), colorectal (colonoscopy), bladder (cystoscopy), and breast (clinical mammography). Register-based time-to-event analyses. Denmark. All 3.3 million citizens aged 30–85 years who on January first, 2017, had not previously been diagnosed with the specific type of cancer were categorized based on the time since their most recent examination. Using 1-year follow-up, we calculated the age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratios of being diagnosed with the related cancer, with non-examined individuals as reference. Negative examination results were defined as the absence of a cancer diagnosis within 6 months following the examination. Previous negative examination results were common, also among those diagnosed with cancer during follow-up. For 10 years after a negative colonoscopy the risk of diagnosing a colorectal cancer was nearly halved. However, already 1 year after a clinical mammography and 2 years after a CT thorax the risk of diagnosing the related cancers was significantly higher among those with a previous negative result compared to non-examined individuals. This study did not identify a post-examination period in which the cancer risk, compared to non-examined individuals, was sufficiently low to confidently rule out any of the investigated cancers. What should one expect when considering re-examining a patient with a negative result of a previous examination for cancer? We found that previous negative examination results are common in the general population and among those subsequently diagnosed with cancer. We did not find a safe period after any of the examinations in which a negative result alone could safely rule out the presence of cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To validate a computer version of the Danish Prostatic Symptom Score (DAN-PSS) questionnaire and compare it with the paper version. Material and methods: Ninety-three male patients (aged 25-87 years), referred to a department of urology for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), filled in a personal computer (PC) version and a paper version of the DAN-PSS questionnaire. Subsequently they answered a questionnaire concerning their preferences and computer experience. Results: A fair correlation between the total scores from the paper and PC versions was found. The differences were independent of both total score and age. In the PC version all LUTS questions were answered while 9.8% were left blank in the paper version. The sexual questions were answered by 71% of patients in the paper version and by 87.5% in the PC version. For the questions in the PC version a learning curve was observed in terms of the time taken to answer the questions. Previous computer experience did not influence answering time, difference in score between paper and PC versions or total score. Almost all patients preferred the PC version to the paper version. Conclusion: The PC scores are reasonably reliable judging by comparison with previously validated traditional paper scores. The PC questionnaire had a higher response rate and was preferred by the majority of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recovery-orientated approaches have grown more and more common in psychosocial rehabilitation in Denmark, thus shifting the focus to the dynamic status of mental health issues that were historically regarded as chronic. This change has caused an important shift towards recognizing service users as humans with equal rights and possibilities. But the recovery-oriented approach is also complex and difficult to apply in practice. Drawing on phenomenological concepts of bodies and orientations in space, the paper discusses how bodies, which are perceived as queer, seek to reorientate themselves. The discussion draws on three empirical cases involving service users from fieldwork at housing facilities for people with severe mental health issues. The paper concludes that psychosocial rehabilitation housing facilities may benefit from adopting a broader perspective on body orientations because this contributes with a focus on service users as active agents who strive to inhabit space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a selection of papers discussed at the Fifth International Meeting on Thermodiffusion which took place at the Technical University of Denmark on August 5-9, 2002. Rayleigh-Benard convection in non-uniformly heated liquids; Thermodiffusion coefficients; Thermodiffusion measurements in magnetic colloids, ionic liquids and water-alcohol solutions.

International migration in general and the recent refugee crisis in particular are complex and much debated topics in European politics. Concurrently, education systems must operate under uncertain and unpredictable conditions. In this situation, migrant children become a group at particular educational risk of exclusion and marginalisation. This paper explores reflections of principals of schools with migrant students regarding how to navigate in those uncertainties related to how migrants are received in Denmark and whether current Danish policies on migration and integration affect the everyday practices in education. Thus, the paper looks at how problematisation and insecuritisation processes stemming from current immigration and integration policies in Denmark influence professionals' working conditions in the field of education. Drawing on methodological perspectives from narrative theory, a selection of five out of 15 interviews with school principals are analysed, focusing on their small stories about approaching the complex processes of risk production when providing education for migrant children. The conclusion drawn from the study is that immigration and integration policies that do not stem from the field of education still influence the field of education in a way that creates complex dilemmas for school professionals when navigating in the (co-)production of risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Science capital has proved a valuable concept for understanding a person's science-related resources and the inequities linked to participation in science education. The concept was developed in the UK and has since been applied worldwide. In this paper, we investigate the potential of the concept in Denmark. Here science capital meets a concept that is pivotal to the educational tradition: Bildung. We explore these two concepts, illuminate their blind spots, and point to potentials of how they may improve on each other. Our key argument is, that while science capital reveals inequities within participation in science education, the argument for why participation is important is often linked to aspirations, or 'to become part of science'. Bildung, however enables a focus on the 'why' of science participation by adding how engagement with science affects the understanding of who we are and of our relationship with the world. Bildung further helps us reflect on how we may address key problems facing our societies. Based on the concept of science capital we critically reflect on issues of inequities in Bildung, and of who has access to Bildung. In conclusion, we argue for a convergence of these two concepts when understanding science participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental health services are increasingly employing peer workers (PWs), individuals who have lived experiences with mental health problems, to support patients and be part of mental health care teams. While the employment of PWs continues to increase, little is known about how the function unfolds in practice. This paper explores the broader context in which the PWs navigate and the concrete outcomes and everyday issues that exist at the individual level. Methodologically, the paper draws on 22 interviews with PWs employed in the mental health services in Denmark. Theoretically, it combines Lipsky's (1980) theory on street-level bureaucrats with sociological discussions concerning the lay-expert divide. The analysis shows that PWs experience both role ambiguity and goal uncertainty and that they use substantial discretion in determining the nature, amount and quality of their peer practices. This – combined with the PWs' diverse lived experiences – calls for a heterogeneous understanding of peer work and therefore the analysis presents three categories of peer workers: PWs as (1) a representative of patients' lifeworld, (2) an interdisciplinary professional and (3) an 'expert by experience'. These categories display PWs different enactments of their lived experiences and reveal ambiguities tied to the lay-expert divide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines Erik Jörgen Hansen's paper concerning Danish educational equalization. He starts by discussing a certain specified goal, social equality in the field of education. He then deals with a number of obstacles which according to him prevent the realization of the desired goal in existing school systems. Finally he proposes certain measures to clear away the obstacles or minimize their importance. The goals discussed by Hansen is social equality in the field of education. What this means to him he discusses at some length and comes out with a number of definitions. One of these, consistent equality, he then tries to operationalize. This means in its general version that equality is reached when the educational system is so constructed, that it for all leads to a result that does not make it possible to find any useful criterion according to which individuals can be singled out in relation to the education obtained. In a more limited way this goal can be said to have been reached if the individuals in various categories, examples are social groups, geographical area, sex and others, on the average, regardless of category, reach a completely identical educational result.

This paper examines how the logic of surveillance capitalism manifests itself within the public sector with a specific interest in how the government's use of data about its citizens may reconfigure rights and power. In Denmark, for example, the public administration relies heavily on the processing of vast quantities of data about the individual and increasingly uses predictive analytics to identify specific areas of intervention, such as fraud or vulnerability, as part of its decision-making processes. Methodologically, the paper uses Denmark as an example of the digital welfare state, including two public sector cases of automated decision support, namely Gladsaxe municipality and the central processing of welfare benefits (Udbetaling Danmark). It further investigates Danish digitalisation strategies, particularly the governments AI strategy from 2019. The case is examined with a view to understand how technology (and automated decision support in particular) is deployed by state actors, which interests it serves, and how it may benefit or disadvantage the individual. Theoretically, the paper leans towards theories of surveillance capitalism, governance in the digital era, and data politics and rights. The paper argues that unless a more critical and human-centric approach to 'smart governance' is taken, the digital welfare state will advance a digital technocracy that treats its citizens as data points suited for calculation and prediction rather than as individuals with agency and rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past twenty years, prominent theorists of citizenship envisaged cosmopolitan openings, the re-making of national identity, and progressive multicultural change. The paper explores perspectives on civic inclusion in Kymlicka's Multicultural Odysseys, Soysal's Limits of Citizenship, and Benhabib's Another Cosmopolitanism. It explores this work in light of two recent political episodes, the formulation of an "anti-separatism" law in France and "anti-ghetto" policies in Denmark. The paper contrast tendencies that theorists of inclusive citizenship envisage with the denial of associational rights in France and the assertion of racial logics in Denmark. It illustrates blinds spots in prominent accounts of civic inclusion, in particular the reliance on a prescriptive account of minority and post-migrant agency, a disembodied logic of human rights, and limited regard for status differentials on the inside of citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on findings of a study that examined challenges to innovation and the greening of economies identified by businesses, TVET institutions, and other organisations with the aim to formulate options for strategic actions to increase 'sustainable competitiveness' of Hong Kong SAR, China as measured by The Global Sustainable Competitiveness Index (GSCI). This article focuses on Hong Kong but refers to Denmark (one of the Nordic countries participated in the study) as it scores much higher than China on the GSCI. The assumption of this study is that Denmark's experience can help formulate policies and the strategic actions required for building sustainable development (SD) solutions for economic green growth through innovation and skills development in Hong Kong. The study used a qualitative methodology. Data was collected through desk-top research and interviews with stakeholders from both settings. The results identified a clear distinction between innovation and greening in terms of education and skills, the business sectors involved, support modalities (policies), investment, as well as culture in both Denmark and Hong Kong SAR. Despite the very different approaches to innovation and variations in both industry structure and the environment for training and skills development, the challenges to industry and their implications for TVET in terms of greening and innovation were found to be very similar in the two contexts. Thus, contrary to the study's assumptions, this article discusses the similar policy responses to these 'green' challenges for both contexts, as well as recommended policy goals and strategic actions with implications for TVET that can support green innovation in both settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While mixed-tenure regeneration has become a favoured strategy to battle concentrated disadvantage in social housing estates across the western world, the scholarly debate on tenure-mixing remains inconclusive. Some studies show that tenure-mixing can increase resident satisfaction, while others find that it may produce new forms of marginalization of low-income tenants. The mixed evidence in terms of outcomes suggests that further research is needed on viable ways forward for mixed-tenure regeneration. This paper argues that more attention should be directed towards the way project trajectories are shaped at the early stages of regeneration. It turns to the concept of social sustainability and examines how applying this concept as an analytical framework may contribute to understanding planning dilemmas embedded in mixed-tenure regeneration. Drawing on qualitative interviews with 33 practitioners involved in the early stages of mixed-tenure projects in Denmark under the so-called Parallel Society Act, it analyses practitioners' perceptions of and approaches to tenure-mixing from a social sustainability perspective. The paper finds that the concept is helpful in framing planning dilemmas by sharpening the focus on equity and inclusion, community cohesion and participation in urban regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health care systems around the globe are currently orienting themselves towards 'personalized medicine', a medical care regime aimed at individualizing prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease through proliferating amounts and sources of data, including genetic information. In Denmark, national health policies on personalized medicine focus on harnessing the potentials of genomic science and technology to bring knowledge about patient-specific genetic variation into clinical application. A major hope is to improve public health and prevent common diseases by integrating genomic information in health care, yet to act preventively, a temporal path has to be established defining what kind of knowledge to create and to act upon, and when. This paper explores the temporal orderings of medical knowledge in two different areas: health policy and clinical practice. Examining policy papers on personalized medicine issued by Danish governmental and research institutions, and, comparing them with contemporary practices of using genetic information in preventive cardiac health care, we demonstrate that genetic knowledge-making is ordered around two different conceptual views of time: namely the sequential order and the speed with which such knowledge is produced. We argue that the visions of knowledge-making and early intervention through genomic science and technology as conveyed in policy papers on personalized medicine, challenge preexisting practices and understandings of what constitutes timely prevention and actionable knowledge within clinical care. We close the article discussing how prevention through genomics amplifies the significance of the clinical space for public health as a site for sense-making and translation of controversial genetic knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the emergence of an engineering education research (EER) community in three Nordic countries: Denmark, Finland and Sweden. First, an overview of the current state of Nordic EER authorship is produced through statistics on international publication. Then, the history of EER and its precursor activities is described in three national narratives. These national storylines are tied together in a description of recent networking activities, aiming to strengthen the EER communities on the Nordic level. Taking these three perspectives together, and drawing on concepts from community of practice theory, network theory and learning network theory, we discuss factors behind the differences in the countries, and draw some conclusions about implications for networking activities in a heterogeneous community. Further, we discuss the role of networks for affording a joint identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media users are not just potential consumers of political content they are also potential producers and distributors. In this paper, we test whether political predispositions or the popularity of posts best explains users' engagement with political content on Facebook. Using a large-scale survey deployed in Denmark, we utilize a 2 × 2 × 3 survey experiment that manipulates the partisan sponsor of a political message, the number of likes attributed to that message, and the nature of the comments attached to that post. Our findings indicate that individuals are most likely to like, comment, and share political content that aligns with their political predispositions, as the choice to like, share and comment political content on Facebook is largely unaffected by likes and comments from other users. Though we recognize the dangers of obstinacy in democratic discourse, we are somewhat assured by these findings, as it shows that those who engage with political content do not follow a blind herd mentality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article builds on fieldwork conducted during lockdown in Denmark among users of services at the intersection of homelessness and drug use. The paper bridges two distinct approaches to understanding the relation between marginalization and crisis, with one focused on the impact of "big events" on marginalized populations, and another on everyday strategies employed to survive situations of homelessness and drug use. The paper shows how past experiences of hardship became relevant for coping with pandemic crisis. It further exploreshow, through critical engagement with dominant accounts of vulnerability, research participants carved out a space for negotiating their marginality in the Danish welfare state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Welfare state bureaucracies the world over have adopted far-reaching digitalisation reforms in recent years. From the deployment of AI in service management, to the 'opening up' of administrative datasets, digitalisation initiatives have uprooted established modes of public sector organisation and administration. And, as this paper suggests, they have also fundamentally transformed the political economy of the welfare state. Through a case study of Danish reforms between 2002 and 2019, the analysis finds that public sector digitalisation has entailed the transfer of responsibility for key infrastructure to private actors. Reforms in Denmark have not only been pursued in the name of public sector improvement and efficiency. A principal objective of public sector digitalisation has rather been the growth of Denmark's nascent digital technology industries as part of the state's wider export-led growth strategy, adopted in response to functional pressures on the welfare state model. The attempt to deliver fiscal stability in this way has, paradoxically, produced retrenchment of critical assets and capabilities. The paper's findings hold important implications for states embarking on public sector digitalisation reforms, as well as possibilities for future research on how states can harness technological progress in the interests of citizens – without hollowing out in the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approaches to countering violent extremism (CVE) increasingly call upon ordinary citizens to report concerns regarding radicalization to authorities. However, knowledge about the factors determining their willingness to report remains limited. This paper addresses this void by asking under what circumstances members of the public are willing to report concerns of radicalization to authorities. The paper reports findings from a large-scale, comparative survey experiment fielded to nationally representative samples in Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland (n = 7,389) as well as eight city representative samples (two in each country, n = 6,603). We investigate how perceptions of the appropriateness, inclusiveness, implementation and outcome of CVE policies combine in forming perceptions of the legitimacy of CVE policy, and how manipulations of perceived legitimacy shape willingness to collaborate with authorities. Both cross-country and cross-city differences in willingness to report concerns of radicalization are explored. The results show that the more legitimate citizens perceive CVE policies to be, the more willing they are to contact authorities to report concerns of radicalization, while perceptions of CVE policies as illegitimate lead to a preference for reactions involving "intimates" of the individual in question and short of reporting to authorities. The implications of the findings for CVE practices are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with dizziness are severely affected in their daily life. The dizziness may be caused by vestibular neuritis and this condition may be severe and result in hospitalization. Qualified municipal rehabilitation services are warranted for these patients after edischarge from the hospital. However, very few specialized municipal initiatives in Denmark are targeting this patient group. This paper reports on the development of a clinically applicable municipality-based vestibular neuritis rehabilitation program and evaluates the acceptability of this initiative. The study recognized the need for a rehabilitation program after hospital discharge. However, the program was not evaluated as acceptable for multiple reasons. The exercise program was applicable and feasible but was experienced as a limitation for the practitioner, when addressing other balance issues was needed. It proved challenging to inform both the administrative staff and the clinicians about the new rehabilitation service to allow for sufficient implementation. Although the rehabilitation program was not considered an unequivocal success, there were several derived valuable snowball effects of the program. This paper advocates that focus should not only lie on the success of a single program, but also explore the derived benefits for patients and organizations, as well as the practice-oriented knowledge these programs generate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Algorithmic practices are becoming increasingly more central within educational governance. By focusing on the mechanisms of a particular algorithmic testing system in Denmark, this paper highlights how such practices are implicated in the emergence of new accountability infrastructures. It adopts an STS approach drawing specifically upon Michel Callon's concepts framing, overflowing, and re-framing. The paper examines how algorithmic adaptivity has become central in the framing of the Danish national test and traces the ways in which students, teachers, and schools respond to such proceduralized interactions. While algorithmic adaptivity was introduced as a way of providing students with an equal test experience, it also inscribes student adaptability into test practices, generating new student affectivities and teacher responsibilities in the process. The paper argues that this is a matter of adapting to the test and highlights how the mundane practices of testing situations also become a subject of governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores policy related to digital competence and the digitalisation of Nordic K-12 schools. Anchored in some key transnational policies on digital competence, it describes some current Nordic movements in the national policies of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. The concept of boundary objects is used as an analytical lens, for understanding digital competence as a plastic and temporal concept that can be used to discuss the multi-dimensional translation of this concept in these Nordic countries. The paper ends with a discussion of the potential to view digital competence as a unifying boundary object that, with its plasticity, temporality and n-dimensionality, can show signs of common Nordic efforts in the K-12 school policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of studies have found gender bias in student evaluations of teaching. Evidence from several observational studies show that women are evaluated lower than men. These findings are supported by experimental studies aimed at isolating the effect of a possible gender bias from other differences between male and female teachers. In this paper, we conduct two experiments in Denmark to test whether a similar gender bias is present in a national context that is generally considered among the most gender equal. Study one investigates differences in the evaluation of two similar presentations by teachers reported to be either male or female. Study two focuses on the evaluation of teaching material prepared by teachers presented as men and women respectively. The two studies arrive at similar conclusions: There is no gender bias in favor of men in the evaluations made by students. The paper discusses the implications of these findings. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2022.2048355. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we view health strategies in the field of personalised medicine as performative actions which articulate the development desired for a given society and demonstrate and affirm values and visions for that society. Based on a qualitative study in Denmark, we show how political actors and policy documents articulate visions for personalised medicine through a distinct sociotechnical imaginary. This sociotechnical imaginary mobilises the distinction between non-profit public and for-profit private organisations, placing personalised medicine in the public domain as the self-evidently desirable future for Danish health care In the Danish case, the issue of implementing personalised medicine becomes an opportunity to revisit the vision for the welfare state and verify public institutions as a shared space for state and citizens. While Danish political actors see personalised medicine as transformative, they articulate this transformation as being steered by public actors, at the same time downplaying the role of private companies. Where public health studies have focused on how political investments into personalised medicine may marginalise specific groups and populations, the Danish case shows that also powerful transnational players may be excluded from political discourse. It teaches us not to treat personalised medicine as one phenomenon, but to pay direct attention to the local contexts in which it operates and shapes what 'public' and 'health' become. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the "Fourth Symposium on Preserving Archaeological Remains in Situ," to be held from May 6 to 23, 2011 at the National Museum of Denmark in Copenhagen.

This paper gives an overview of the administrative history of the introduction of electronic registers in the Danish central administration before the spread of the Internet. Electronic registers have developed in the interplay between new technological capabilities and political and administrative needs, but the changes that have been implemented are primarily the result of new political objectives or requirements. Examples are taken from the Students' Register at the University of Copenhagen, the Central Register for Motor Vehicles, the Danish Civil Registration System (CRS) and the National Patient Register (NPR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International research emphasises that Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) has a key role to play in initiating and processing changes in Physical Education (PE). However, several researchers also find that it is a significant challenge for PETE to contest ideological approaches regarding PE practices among PE student teachers. Stronger relationships between research and educational practice and more deliberate mobilisation of research into teacher education may help address such educational issues. The main agents in that regard are teacher educators who are supposed to have the competencies to mobilise research literature into PETE. However, in Denmark, only 10% of Danish teacher educators hold a research-based PhD. The main aim of this article is to make the first steps towards more knowledge in this area by presenting an exploratory study of perceived barriers to mobilising research literature into PETE as experienced by a group of Danish PE teacher educators. The paper is based on empirical data generated through a course developed to qualify PE teacher educators' competencies in the use of research literature: papers, discussion-notes and interviews. Four main categories were generated: (1) 'We're competing on time', (2) 'A separate approach', (3) 'It has to add value' and (4) 'Hard to make it that academic'. The discussion addresses some general focus points for supporting the application of research in teacher education and suggest directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: A discussion of trade in the North Atlantic during the 17th and 18th centuries is explored through the movement of commodities from mainland Europe to Iceland, specifically pottery vessels. The paper reconstructs the journeys of three cooking pots from different places in northern Germany and Denmark and along the way, attempts to situate these journeys within the social and cultural contexts through which they pass. In tracking these object itineraries, it is argued that the pots are caught up in fragmented spaces, where the varied material properties of the objects change in significance. In this way, our paper attempts to both revive and reinvent an economic dimension to historical archaeology, to conjoin terrestrial and maritime archaeology, and finally to stimulate more work on the early modern period for this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea of "pragmatism" provides a successful account explaining why municipalities re-internalize previously privatized responsibilities for service delivery. This paper develops the idea by accounting for remunicipalization in contexts defined by failures with service innovation – rather than delivery – under privatization. This account highlights remunicipalization as an act of public entrepreneurship and offers a complementary explanation for the dynamics in local service restructuring. Analytical utility is demonstrated in a case study of the restructuring of local energy supply in Aalborg Municipality, Denmark. In perspective, the paper refines the understanding of contexts, behaviours, and dynamics leading to remunicipalizations in the twenty-first century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Second homes are essential resources for tourism and recreation. Climate change is projected to transform tourism geographies and threaten economic and recreational activities. Based on building and housing register data and national models for climate change hazards, this paper investigates whether second homes in Denmark are potentially affected. Five different hazards are used to describe climate risk based on the RCP8.5 scenario: sea level rise, storm surge events, coastal erosion, flooding from watercourses, and terrestrial groundwater. It is estimated that between 2020 and 2070 a significant number of second homes will potentially be affected by one or more of these hazards, with terrestrial groundwater being the most frequent. GIS-analysis shows the detailed geographical distribution of the affected second homes, while regional grouping highlights the most affected regions. A compound risk analysis demonstrates that a significant proportion (approximately 25%) of the Danish second homes will be affected by either one or more hazards. The analysis thereby highlights how amenity rich geographies are threatened by climate change, which could cause these areas to become risk prone. This provides a background for discussing the implications for land use policy of transforming geographies. The article highlights a need for strategic planning and active engagement with second to protect the recreational potential of second homes and local economies in coastal zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The latest climate science provides stark warnings around the need for a transition away from further oil and gas exploration. Denmark, as a leader in the oil and gas transition, has already cancelled new oil and gas permits and is pursuing the phase-out of existing oil production in the Danish North Sea by 2050. Progress in other areas of the world, however, is more circumscribed, giving rise to a landscape of both 'leaders' and 'laggards' across value chains. This Special Issue unites the need for market-led oil and gas just transitions with net zero emission ambitions, critically analyzing the potential for a just transition (or transitions) by 2040. This editorial provides introductory context to nine articles and summarizes their key policy insights. The nine contributions present interdisciplinary and mixed method perspectives from globally diverse country contexts. Papers explore oil and gas transitions across the value chain and with attention to a range of stakeholders and processes, including public norm development, tribunals, and industry investments. Whilst there is growing consensus across various actors and institutions in society around the need to phase-out oil and gas, the papers also showcase that care must be taken to avoid perverse incentives, engage the public, steer investment, engage with controversies, account for emerging producers, consider country phase-out sequencing, account for indirect and direct job losses, and consider investor compensation caps. Across all contributions, and alongside reflections of the various barriers and enablers for obtaining just outcomes, considerations of just transitions thinking appear in several different ways. They appear conceptually, empirically (in terms of research findings), as guidance for decision-making, and as an aspirational outcome or target to be obtained; that is, just transition is treated in the same way as the phase-out of oil and gas - as a process and a goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyse how the colonial spectrality of the George Floyd video translocalises from the United States to Denmark to form heritage assemblages of solidarity, removal and repression that re-vitalize the colonial past and anti-racist protests in contemporary contexts. Through our analysis, we unfold the affective capacities of the Floyd video and its memetic mutations that mobilize publics against asymmetries inherited from colonialism and invent new forms of activism. We show that while protester tactics following Floyd demonstrate a reflexive distribution of subjectivities and positionalities, minority voices and efforts to remove symbols of colonialism are condemned and suppressed in Denmark. Our main contribution is to include digital media into heritage assemblages as an affective device. A second contribution is presenting digital epidemiography as an affective methodology to remotely study transient and unpredictable global events, through an analysis of digital traces found on the internet. A third contribution is the knowledge of how post-Floyd heritage assemblages in Denmark position this Scandinavian country as a former colonizer in the decolonial turn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores three moral economies that regulate the production and circulation of things and economic transactions: kosher (a Hebrew term meaning 'fit' or 'proper'), halal (an Arabic word that literally means 'permissible' or 'lawful'), and Hindu vegetarianism. Over the last three decades, these moral economies have been shaped by new forms of globalized religious technoscience, and nowhere is this process more apparent than in biotechnological production. In this paper, technoscience denotes material technology and specialized social expertise that also contributes to knowledge production, globally, and a sense of what it means to be human, which includes the component of faith. Drawing largely on my ongoing fieldwork conducted, since 2005, at Novozymes in Denmark, which is the world's largest producer of enzymes and adheres to kosher, halal, and Hindu vegetarian standards, I explore how these moral economies are conditioned by a particular kind of globalized religious technoscience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes how the Danish Road Directorate (DRD) works with the development and execution of construction of large infrastructure projects. The paper covers two parts: On the one hand the framework for reducing climate and environmental impact, and on the other the challenge of norms and standards. As cases, we will use two major bridge projects. As part of the basis for decisions the planning phase of infrastructure projects aims at providing the best way of meeting society's need for mobility, yet balancing many factors such as cost, time and environmental impact. The latter includes using the latest knowledge on climate and environmental impact as well as on the life cycle from cradle to grave of the infrastructure as input for a focused and cost-effective climate action. The planning also comprises factors that determine how biodiversity can be maintained as well as other considerations for the surrounding environment, including protected nature and habitat areas. This is exemplified by the new Roskilde Fjord Link project. Another major project, the future road and railway bridge crossing the Storstrøm, provides examples of the optimization of the design assumptions, considering the risks associated with the geotechnical conditions and relevant load conditions such as ice and ship impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global Covid-19 pandemic means that most tourism organizations face a heightened need to offer a range of innovative tourism experiences in order to survive. The successful delivery of these experiences largely depends on tourism employees, yet limited research currently exists on how these employees engage in learning new tourism practices, particularly in times of radical change. Utilizing an exploratory qualitative case study of Hamlet Live, an immersive tourism experience in Denmark, this article seeks to shed light on how tourism employees engage in learning during Covid-19. To explore this issue in-depth, Communities of Practice, a practice-based approach to understanding learning has been adopted as the key theoretical framework. Through participant observation and qualitative interviews, this study reveals the challenge of using ICT for tourism employee learning and how experienced employees can help offset disruption through peripheral learning. It also exposes the weakness of foreign employees in foundational competence such as native language fluency during a swift change from international to domestic tourists, and the impacts on their engagement in learning. The paper thus also makes a practical contribution in supporting tourism managers in better managing human resources and facilitating employee learning in times of drastic change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delays at court are an everlasting and potentially consequential reality of criminal justice systems, although most would agree that the timely adjudication of cases is needed from both administrative, judicial, and individual perspectives. This paper uses administrative data and a policy reform in Denmark in 2007 to measure the unconfounded association between court delays – or, more specifically, time to adjudication – and criminal recidivism within 5 years. Results show that although court delays do not push more people into recidivism, the delays matter for how many crimes recidivists end up being convicted of. Also, criminality tends to be muted during the period from charge to adjudication (even in a context with low use of pretrial detention and no bail system), whereby court delays also matter for the timing of new crimes – a finding with important theoretical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximately 22% of the existing dwellings in the EU were built before 1946. In Wrocław, Poland ca. 21% of all dwellings in multifamily houses are protected for their heritage value. For such a significant share of the residential building stock pursuit of sustainability through amenity improvement is inevitable and will gain pace with the EU endorsed Renovation Wave. The discourse about the scope of renovations should be extended to consider an improvement of historical housing's spatial quality without compromising its heritage value. Balconies are perceived as an indispensable part of new-built apartments; however, they are scarce in tenements built at the turn of 20th century. Adding balconies as a part of retrofitting is common in Germany or Denmark, but rare in Poland. By analysing heritage preservation practices in Chemnitz, Copenhagen and Wrocław, this paper aims to understand how retention of heritage value shapes local approach to adding balconies. Semi-structured interviews (18) were conducted with heritage conservation officers and other stakeholders. The results revealed a shared recognition of balcony's role as an element contributing to heritage housing preservation through enhanced usability. Factors that impede balcony additions in historical tenements in Wrocław were identified for different tenure types, followed by recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Interwar period, female athletes from Denmark dominated international swimming competitions. It was the first time that the country demonstrated sporting success in a core Olympic discipline on the global sporting level. Most of the Danish swimmers had the same coach, the co-leader of the Institute of Danish Women's Gymnastics (DKI), Ingeborg Paul-Petersen. Based on archival sources and historical newspaper reports, this paper shows that Paul-Petersen's role as an educator in the DKI and her vast experience in swimming training provided her with the perfect skills and context to develop her athletes into elite swimmers. She profited from the unique environment at the DKI that led her to approach coaching as a combination of motherly care for her young athletes and a discipling. However, Paul-Petersen avoided publicity and therefore her extraordinary achievements remained largely unnoticed until date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurship Education (EE) programmes world-wide serve a highly standardized menu of activities for student consumption, such as pitching exercises, competitions and mini-companies. This situation has been called the McDonaldization of EE, where standard activities are adopted globally. In this paper we study the influence of Junior Achievement (JA) – the 'original burger' - to draw attention to the institutionalizing pressure it exerts on EE. We use data from JA organizational websites in England, Sweden and Denmark to describe JA as a global institution exerting homogenizing pressures on the field of EE. Five common dynamics are identified to explain in more detail how JA contributes to the homogenization of EE through: neutralizing ideology; propagating the mini-company template; evidencing strategically; facilitating communion and mythologizing success. New research avenues studying the influence of JA as a powerful institution and potential counter-actions to de-institutionalize EE are proposed. Junior Achievement has been studied before, but most investigations consider the impact of JA on individuals, in terms of effects on students' knowledge and skills. The contribution of this study is in how it focuses on the homogenizing influence of JA as an institution on the system of EE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops and experimentally tests two pathways to intentions to engage in political violence. By distinguishing between self-directed and other-directed explanations of political violence, it presents the two pathways of uncertainty and dark world perceptions. In the first pathway, self-related uncertainty is projected onto hostile outgroups, motivating politically violent intentions. In the second pathway, perceptions of the world as chaotic, dark and dangerous make political violence seem necessary by making deliberation seem less likely. In two large, population representative, survey-experimental studies in the United States and Denmark (total n = 2889), the paper conjointly tests these two pathways. The results show causal support for the uncertainty pathway in predicting intentions to engage in violence rather than activism, but show less support for the dark world pathway. Finally, the paper recommends uncertainty-reducing interventions to combat the risk of increased political violence in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Denmark and Sweden are societally and regulatory similar countries with large differences in occupational injury rates. Denmark has consistently had twice the rate of reported injuries compared to Sweden and a 45% higher rate of fatal injuries in the construction industry. The current study aims to further investigate the perceived underlying factors responsible for the difference in injury rate between Denmark and Sweden by examining the possible impact on safety climate and safety behaviour of cooperation, perceived organizational support, organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB), planning, safety motivation, and long-term orientation. The paper is based on a questionnaire study completed by 346 construction workers from 48 Swedish construction sites and 465 construction workers from 37 Danish construction sites. The results show that all six predictors were positively related with safety climate and/or safety behaviour in both countries. However, the level of the predictors was generally higher in Sweden, and there was a stronger positive relationship with the outcomes in Sweden than Denmark. Specifically, the valuation of cooperation and OCB, planning and long-term orientation were more dominant in Sweden. These differences illuminate some of the possible factors underlying the difference in injury rate between the Danish and Swedish construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Finger Plan has guided the spatial development of the Greater Copenhagen Area for more than 70 years, constituting a planning doctrine in Danish spatial planning. However, recently the Finger Plan has come under attack from the liberal Danish Government (2015–2019), who implemented a number of initiatives to deregulate spatial planning in Denmark, most significantly through a 'modernised' Planning Act. As part of this process, the Finger Plan was revised twice in 2017 and 2019. The latest version of the Finger plan was prepared as part of a larger policy package aiming at promoting growth in the Greater Copenhagen Region towards 2030. This paper argues that the recent revisions of the Finger Plan must be understood as part of the ongoing neoliberalization of spatial planning in Denmark, but that the Finger Plan, at the same time, has remained 'immune' to a more widespread neoliberalization in this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Difficulties in recruiting newly bereaved families and following them over time present a major barrier in grief research following the death of a spouse/parent. We established FALCON—the first prospective nationwide cohort of families with children below age 18 years whose parent died in Denmark between April 2019 and July 2021. Data from parents and children were collected within 2 months of death with ongoing follow-up assessments up to 18 months post-death. A total of 992 families were invited. The final cohort consisted of 250 families (250 widowed parents, 134 adolescents, 120 children aged 6–12 years and 63 children aged 0–5 years). In this paper, we describe the rationale for the cohort's creation, the challenges of researching grief in families, the methods used and future plans to utilize this unique family-level dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is growing interest in the role of schools in supporting children facing adversity, including children with refugee and immigrant backgrounds. Based on six months of ethnographic fieldwork (December 2018 to June 2019) and interviews with teachers in two classes for adolescent newcomer refugee and immigrant learners in Denmark, this paper explores teacher responses to everyday dilemmas in supporting and caring for refugee and immigrant learners at school with a focus on three key areas: 1) in relation to teaching while safeguarding the adolescents' self-image, 2) in caring for the adolescents emotionally, socially and physically, and 3) in building trust and being the adolescents' confidants. Based on the findings, we argue that caring for newcomer adolescents cannot be reduced to questions of formal training and technical skills. Rather, it is intimately linked to attentiveness, experimentation and sensitivity to learners' needs. Furthermore, we discuss how scholarly analysis of teacher responses to care-related dilemmas can help generate contextualised insights into the broader support needs of teachers engaging in care work in specific social contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we draw on policy sociology and democratic theory to illustrate how evidence-based practice not only limits teachers' capacities to exercise professional discretion and authority, but also jeopardises the democratic project of schooling more broadly. Using theoretical concepts from Foucault's discipline with Connolly's pluralisation, we argue that evidence-based practice disciplines teachers to comply with a prescribed set of criteria, which constrains their capacity to respond to the evolving and emergent needs of their students and communities. Our argument is built from two projects conducted separately, but concurrently, in Australia and Denmark. The projects involved in-depth interviews with teachers, extensive observations within schools, and the collection and analysis of policy documents and artefacts. Using illustrative excerpts from both studies, we show how teacher participants expressed and embodied inclinations to do (or be) differently, but nonetheless felt the need to adhere to what the evidence established as the right way to do or be. In our view, this points to an increasingly rigid ontological space through which teachers can do, be and become, which raises questions about the extent to which an 'ethos of pluralisation' is possible within these schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, fake news has become central to debates about the state and future of journalism. This article examines imaginaries around fake news as a threat to democracy and the role of journalism in mitigating this threat. The study builds on 34 qualitative interviews with Danish journalists, media experts, government officials, and social media company representatives as well as 42 editorials from nine national Danish news outlets. Drawing on discourse theory and the concept of metajournalistic discourse, the analysis finds that media actors mobilise fake news to support opposing discursive positions on journalism and its relationship with falsehoods. While some voices articulate established journalism and journalistic values, such as objectivity, as the antithesis to fake news, others blame contemporary journalistic practices for potentially contributing to misinformation, calling for change and reform. These contrasts are particularly notable between the public stances of editors-in-chief, expressed through editorials, and reflections based on personal experience from news reporters and media experts. The paper concludes that fake news functions as a floating signifier in Danish metajournalistic discourse, mobilised not only to attack or defend journalism, but also to present conflicting visions for what journalism is and ought to be. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]