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This essay contextualises the emergence of a document regime which regulated routine travel through the deployment of the India–Pakistan Passport and Visa Scheme in 1952. It suggests that such travel documents were useful for the new Indian state to delineate citizenship and the nationality of migrants and individual travellers from Pakistan. The bureaucratic and legal mediations under the Scheme helped the Indian state to frame itself before its new citizens as the sole certifier of some of their rights as Indians. In contrast, applicants for these documents viewed them as utilitarian, meant to facilitate their travel across the new borders. The contrast and contestation between such different perceptions helps us to understand the continued significance of documentary identities in contemporary India. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The environment of the lodging industry in India is presently undergoing a transformation. The changes being witnessed are a combined result of the liberalization policies of the early 1990s in India and changes affecting travel and tourism globally. These changes have offered hotels that presently operate or are planning to operate in India with both challenges and opportunities. As a result, an understanding of the investment and business climate for the hotel industry in India becomes important for international investors, host governments and domestic hotel companies. The purpose of this study is to better understand the investment and business climate and its effect on the competitiveness of the hotel market in India. The study will present results and discuss India's economic reforms and open market policies, tourism policies, industry regulation, competition, evolution of the hotel industry structure (size, geographical dispersion, brand proliferation, ownership, quality, international chains) incidence of taxation, tariff structure, availability of qualified employees, customer demographics, ecological, supply of capital and performance trends. Based on an assessment of the multiple business and investment climate attributes, the study will provide a fair assessment of the risks and opportunities for investors interested in entering the Indian hotel market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]