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Human milk lysozyme was conjugated with estrone glucuronide to give a monoacylated conjugate, two disubstituted isoforms, and one trisubstituted isoform in 99.4% yield. The conjugates were pure and highly inhibited (>98%) by the anti-estrone glucuronide antibody. The clearing curves were biphasic for all four conjugates but a 3 min initial rate assay was established and used to measure a normal menstrual cycle profile of estrone glucuronide excretion rates. The marked differences between the hen egg white and human milk lysozyme conjugates show that near identical tertiary structures do not necessarily imply similar physical, chemical, biochemical, and kinetic behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

What can we learn from the prodigious expansion of the non-government protected areas that now comprise 12% of terrestrial Australia? An increasingly professional, formal, and diverse non-government sector has developed since 1990, comprising private individuals, non-government organizations, and First Nations and having close ties to governments. We investigate the drivers, dynamics, and diversity of this sector through thematic analysis of 24 key informant interviews and associated gray literature. Changing environmental movements, science-led conservation, partial recognition of First Nations land rights, international agreements, and neoliberal reforms combined to formalize the sector during the 1990s. A bipartisan policy framework for incorporating non-government lands in the national conservation estate, diverse partnerships, transnational networks, and innovation in public and private funding helped grow the sector. The confluence of interests that has transformed the politics and practice of nature conservation in Australia is likely to inform those engaged with similar changes elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The psychometric properties of the General Functioning subscale of the McMaster Family Assessment Device were examined using the Rasch Model (N = 237 couples). Mothers’ and fathers’ ratings of the General Functioning subscale of the McMaster Family Assessment Device are recommended, provided these are analyzed separately. More than a quarter of couples differed significantly in their ratings. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Welcome toGender & Development'sViews, events, and debates section. We’d like to invite readers to respond to any of the views expressed in this section, to contact us with reports of events, and to suggest debates on issues relevant to the journal's concern: to inspire and strengthen development initiatives which support the goals of gender equality and women's empowerment. We’d also like to invite you to send us your feedback onGender & Development, and suggestions for future issues, to:gadeditor@oxfam.org.uk [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Psychopathy is an important clinical and forensic psychopathology construct; however, its optimal conceptualization continues to be a source of significant controversy. The Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality (CAPP; Cooke, Hart, Logan, & Michie, 2012) considers 33 personality traits that integrate historical and contemporary conceptualizations of the disorder. The current study examined the internal structure of self-ratings the CAPP traits in a large international sample of community-dwelling participants (N= 719; 52% women). Results indicated that a bi-factor (one general factor, three residual bi-factors) model representing global psychopathy, as well as residual factors of boldness/emotional stability, emotional detachment, and disinhibition, best fit the data. Associations with nine additional self-rated items revealed a generally expected pattern of convergent and discriminant validity. Finally, a Spearman rank-order correlation between CAPP item loadings on the global psychopathy factor and prototypicality ratings by experts (Kreis, Cooke, Michie, Hoff, & Logan, 2012) was .76, reflecting substantial content validity as well as agreement about relative importance of psychopathy traits using widely different conceptual and empirical procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transcription factor Pit-1 (POU1-F1) plays a dominant role in cell lineage expansion and differentiation in the anterior pituitary. Prior studies of the mouse Pit-1 (mPit-1) gene revealed that this master regulatory locus is activated at embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5) by an early enhancer (EE), whereas its subsequent expression throughout adult life is maintained by a more distal definitive enhancer (DE). Here, we demonstrate that the sequential actions of these two enhancers are linked to corresponding shifts in their proximities to the Pit-1 promoter. We further demonstrate that the looping of the definitive enhancer to the mPit-1 promoter is critically dependent on a self-sustaining autoregulatory mechanism mediated by the Pit-1 protein. These Pit-1-dependent actions are accompanied by localized recruitment of CBP and enrichment for H3K27 acetylation within the Pit-1 locus. These data support a model in which the sequential actions of two developmentally activated enhancers are linked to a corresponding shift in higher-order chromatin structures. This shift establishes an autoregulatory circuit that maintains durable expression of Pit-1 throughout adult life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Strength training is one focus for physiotherapy management to help restore function. However, conventional strength training requiring an active muscular contraction is not always possible. Mental imagery (MI) has been proposed as a viable alternative to strength training without the need for actual movement. Objective: To investigate whether MI is effective in achieving strength gains in an asymptomatic population. Methods: A systematic review of key databases was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and risk of bias assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Education (GRADE). Studies were included if they were a randomised control trial (RCT), clinical control trial (CCT) or pre-post study investigating the effect of an MI protocol for improving strength in asymptomatic adult populations. Results: From 639 articles, 28 full texts were assessed and six were included for review. These studied effect of MI on strength improvements for 5th finger abductors (n = 53), quadriceps (n = 51), elbow flexors (n = 51), ankle dorsiflexors (n = 51) and plantarflexors (n = 51). Strength gains were reported in all muscle groups with the exception of elbow flexors. MI may be more effective for muscle groups with larger motor cortex representation, especially 5th finger abductors. Conclusion: The findings suggest that a course of MI can increase strength greater than a control group but less than a physical practice (PP) group within this population. The findings of this study provide promising clinical implications for use of MI for improvements or maintenance of strength within a patient group unable to actively strengthen due to pain or immobilisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Welcome toGender & Development'sViews, events, and debates section. We'd like to invite readers to respond to any of the views expressed in this section, to contact us with reports of events, and to suggest debates on issues relevant to the journal's concern: to inspire and strengthen development initiatives which support the goals of gender equality and women's empowerment. We'd also like to invite you to send us your feedback onGender & Development, and suggestions for future issues, to:gadeditor@oxfam.org.uk [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents abstracts related to gender and development which include gender equality in urban areas, benefits and constraints of urbanization for gender equality, and urban planning and design.

Very little research has been conducted investigating the health status and social needs of women with incarcerated male partners, despite the large number of men from underserved communities who are currently incarcerated. Research with women who have incarcerated male partners has primarily focused on communicable disease risk and family interactions. Women with incarcerated partners are often mothering children who are at risk for early and repeated incarceration, behavioral problems, and poverty. Gaining a better understanding of the health and social needs, and the resources use of these women and their children may lead to developing policies and programs that help them better manage their health, as well as aid in strengthening their family relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Welcome toGender & Development'sViews, events, and debates section. We'd like to invite readers to respond to any of the views expressed in this section, to contact us with reports of events, and to suggest debates on issues relevant to the journal's concern: to inspire and strengthen development initiatives which support the goals of gender equality and women's empowerment. We'd also like to invite you to send us your feedback onGender & Development, and suggestions for future issues, to:gadeditor@oxfam.org.uk [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study compared the reading gains of Kindergarten students who were at risk for reading failure who were taught with either a structured supplemental reading program or with teacher-designed or teacher-selected instruction. The authors used a quasi-experimental design with preexisting groups to examine changes from pretest to posttest. Although both programs were effective in producing statistically significant improvements in word attack and phonemic awareness skills, results revealed a pattern of moderate differences favoring a structured supplemental program called the Early Reading Tutor. Furthermore, anecdotal information from questionnaires suggested that participating tutors who used Early Reading Tutor would recommend it to others and considered it an effective yet simple program to implement. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Although there are a number of studies of patient safety during the August rotation, they often focus on newly qualified doctors. It remains unclear whether negative impacts are due to doctors' inexperience, lack of technical skill or other aspects of rotation. This study used an electronic survey to seek the views of doctors working in obstetrics and gynaecology in the UK. A total of 1,879 responses were received. The August rotation was felt to be a stressful time, with a negative effect on patient care (82%) and safety (73%), lasting up to 1 month (62%). Although reducing services was thought to be helpful, there was strong support for staggering the rotation by grade (80%). This would ensure availability of doctors to cover services during the induction period, which should improve patient care and reduce staff stress. In addition, intensive skills training for junior staff and a supportive culture during the 1st month could optimise the integration and performance of doctors of all grades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose that some of the knowledge management challenges incurred by computer-mediated collaboration be addressed by leveraging the computational resources inherent in that same collaboration to more directly serve it through Computational Collaboration Agents (CCAs). CCAs and the approach advocated here are motivated by the theory of Interactive Team Cognition which posits that team cognition can be observed in team interactions. CCAs observe and assess individual and collaborative events, analyse those events, interpret the analysis, and intervene as needed to improve collaboration. Because the CCAs are able to leverage events and actions that take place in the context of the collaboration technology, they have the advantage of operating in real-time without interfering with task performance. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Welcome toGender & Development'sViews, events, and debates section. We'd like to invite readers to respond to any of the views expressed in this section, to contact us with reports of events, and to suggest debates on issues relevant to the journal's concern: to inspire and strengthen development initiatives which support the goals of gender equality and women's empowerment. We'd also like to invite you to send us your feedback onGender & Development, and suggestions for future issues, to:gadeditor@oxfam.org.uk [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent reflection on the professional knowledge of teachers has been marked by a shift away from more reductive competence and skill-focused models of teaching towards a view of teacher expertise as involving complex context-sensitive deliberation and judgement. Much of this shift has been inspired by an Aristotelian conception of practical wisdom (phronesis) also linked by Aristotle to the development of virtue and character. This has in turn led recent educational philosophers and theorists – inspired by latter-day developments in virtue ethics and virtue epistemology – to investigate the contribution of various forms of virtue to the effective practice of teaching. In this light, the present paper undertakes further exploration of the logical geography of virtue, character and practical deliberation in teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The purpose of the current study was to develop an instrument, the Children’s Active Play Imagery Questionnaire (CAPIQ), to assess imagery use during children’s (7–14 years) active play. Phase 1 involved an assessment of content validity using experts (N = 7), while Phase 2 assessed the factorial validity of the CAPIQ using a sample of children (N = 302). Phase 3 contributed to the factorial validity of the CAPIQ by utilising confirmatory factor analysis among an independent sample of children (N = 252). The final version of the CAPIQ consists of 11 items across three factors: fun, social and capability. Further use of the CAPIQ will aid in identifying types of imagery used among children (7–14 years) in their active play, which may contribute to physical activity interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the current study was to develop an instrument, the Children’s Active Play Imagery Questionnaire (CAPIQ), to assess imagery use during children’s (7–14 years) active play. Phase 1 involved an assessment of content validity using experts (N = 7), while Phase 2 assessed the factorial validity of the CAPIQ using a sample of children (N = 302). Phase 3 contributed to the factorial validity of the CAPIQ by utilising confirmatory factor analysis among an independent sample of children (N = 252). The final version of the CAPIQ consists of 11 items across three factors: fun, social and capability. Further use of the CAPIQ will aid in identifying types of imagery used among children (7–14 years) in their active play, which may contribute to physical activity interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The first trimester of human fetal life, a period of extremely rapid development of physiological systems, represents the most rapid growth phase in human life. Interference in the establishment of organ systems may result in abnormal development that may be manifest immediately or programmed for later abnormal function. Exposure to environmental chemicals may be affecting development at these early stages, and yet there is limited knowledge of the quantities and identities of the chemicals to which the fetus is exposed during early pregnancy. Clearly, opportunities for assessing fetal chemical exposure directly are extremely limited. Hence, this review describes indirect means of assessing fetal exposure in early pregnancy to chemicals that are considered disrupters of development. Consideration is given to such matrices as maternal hair, fingernails, urine, saliva, sweat, breast milk, amniotic fluid and blood, and fetal matrices such as cord blood, cord tissue, meconium, placenta, and fetal liver. More than 150 articles that presented data from chemical analysis of human maternal and fetal tissues and fluids were reviewed. Priority was given to articles where chemical analysis was conducted in more than one matrix. Where correlations between maternal and fetal matrices were determined, these articles were included and are highlighted, as these may provide the basis for future investigations of early fetal exposure. The determination of fetal chemical exposure, at the time of rapid human growth and development, will greatly assist regulatory agencies in risk assessments and establishment of advisories for risk management concerning environmental chemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An earlier article of mine introducing the question of how African speakers of tone languages may audit instrumental music played by their own traditional musicians was criticised as a piece of ‘colonial essentialism’ by the African musicologist Kofi Agawu in his writings on ‘Representing African Music’. This response presents more biographical information on the Ghanaian master musician Kakraba Lobi, along with a discussion of the findings of other scholars who researched the music of his instrument, the gyil. Further evidence from Uganda on instrumental representation of music is then provided, lending weight to the argument that Ugandan instrumentalists habitually communicate texts embedded within their musical performances. The final section suggests that there is a consequent need to research not only how composers incorporate texts but also how their listeners experience such instrumental performance. It ends by reiterating the need for enquiry among listeners in partnership with careful analysis and observation of the musicking that they audit. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The first aim of this paper is to provide an illustration of fabric survey, damage assessment, and structural consolidation of the mud brick structures of Al Ain, an oasis in the United Arab Emirates. The buildings mostly date to the turn of the last century and it was concluded that damage of such vernacular architecture is represented by thermal movement, structural cracks, leaning walls, granular disintegration, erosion and creation of preferential channels, and coving. Furthermore, damage caused by animals and by recent interventions was also surveyed. The second aim of the paper is to illustrate the structural consolidation of mud brick masomy by explaining the work undertaken in the mosque of Al Jahili (1891-1898). This includes eroded wall repair, window filling, repair of cracks with the stitching technique, wall top consolidation, and roof repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internal migration rates in the United States have been steadily declining for at least twenty-five years: In 1984, 6.4 percent of the population moved between counties but by 2006—well before the most significant economic crisis since the Great Depression—annual intercounty migration rates had already declined to 4.7 percent and by 2010 to 3.5 percent. Despite the implications of the migration decline, it is poorly recognized and understood. The analysis shows that over the last thirty years, three broad trends have combined to pull migration rates dramatically lower: an increase in dual-worker couples, increased household indebtedness, and the widespread rise of information and communication technologies (ICTs). The first two are probably linked, as households have responded to decreasing real income over the last quarter-century through greater female labor force participation and maintaining current levels of consumption by borrowing ever more heavily from the equity in their homes. Thus, although this analysis shows that the decline in migration rates is not directly linked to the Great Recession, the migration decline is surely linked to the broader macroeconomic shifts that gave rise to it. With respect to the role of ICTs, it is not surprising that as ICTs have transformed nearly everything else across society, their use has affected migration rates. It is presumed that ICTs are providing new forms of mobility that are substituting for migration. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Introduction The paucity of training in physical activity (PA) promotion in UK medical schools is a barrier to health professionals' promotion of PA to their patients. Doctors who are more physically active are more likely to counsel patients in this regard. We used a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to examine the effect of an intervention which engaged students in goal-setting, using pedometer step counts, on their PA behaviour and intentions to promote PA in future practice. Methods We invited fourth-year medical students to participate in the study during their four-week placement in primary care. Following baseline pedometer measurement of daily step counts for one week, students were randomly allocated to intervention (individual step count goal-setting) or control groups. Using pedometers, both groups monitored their PA during the following week. Intentions to promote PA were assessed using a questionnaire based on the theory of planned behaviour at baseline, four weeks and nine weeks. Focus groups explored the students' experiences of PA measurement, goalsetting for behaviour change and health promotion teaching. Results One-hundred and thirty-six students participated (70 intervention; 66 control). The mean change in daily step count was greater (P=0.001) in the intervention group (1245, 95% CI 762 to 1727) than in the control group (-65, 95% CI -644 to 573). Scores for perceived behavioural control over PA counselling increased in both groups, with a trend for higher scores in the intervention group. Intervention group students described how experience of personal PA behaviour change gave insights into barriers patients may face and improved their confidence in PA counselling. Conclusions Medical students' personal experience of goal setting in increasing PA appears to lead to a more positive perception of their ability to deliver effective PA promotion in future practice. Inclusion of this learning experience within the undergraduate curriculum may improve doctors' skills in health promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The paucity of training in physical activity (PA) promotion in UK medical schools is a barrier to health professionals' promotion of PA to their patients. Doctors who are more physically active are more likely to counsel patients in this regard. We used a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to examine the effect of an intervention which engaged students in goal-setting, using pedometer step counts, on their PA behaviour and intentions to promote PA in future practice. Methods We invited fourth-year medical students to participate in the study during their four-week placement in primary care. Following baseline pedometer measurement of daily step counts for one week, students were randomly allocated to intervention (individual step count goal-setting) or control groups. Using pedometers, both groups monitored their PA during the following week. Intentions to promote PA were assessed using a questionnaire based on the theory of planned behaviour at baseline, four weeks and nine weeks. Focus groups explored the students' experiences of PA measurement, goalsetting for behaviour change and health promotion teaching. Results One-hundred and thirty-six students participated (70 intervention; 66 control). The mean change in daily step count was greater (P=0.001) in the intervention group (1245, 95% CI 762 to 1727) than in the control group (-65, 95% CI -644 to 573). Scores for perceived behavioural control over PA counselling increased in both groups, with a trend for higher scores in the intervention group. Intervention group students described how experience of personal PA behaviour change gave insights into barriers patients may face and improved their confidence in PA counselling. Conclusions Medical students' personal experience of goal setting in increasing PA appears to lead to a more positive perception of their ability to deliver effective PA promotion in future practice. Inclusion of this learning experience within the undergraduate curriculum may improve doctors' skills in health promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Welcome toGender & Development's Views, events, and debates section. We'd like to invite readers to respond to any of the views expressed in this section, to contact us with reports of events, and to suggest debates on issues relevant to the journal's concern: to inspire and strengthen development initiatives which support the goals of gender equality and women's empowerment. We'd also like to invite you to send us your feedback onGender & Development, and suggestions for future issues, to:gadeditor@oxfam.org.uk [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An interview with Lauren Berlant, professor at the University of Chicago, is presented. When asked about the genres of protest and the Occupy movement, she said that the Occupy movement's shift and creation of genres promote accessibility, refusal and spontaneity. The pedagogy of spontaneity is also noted to encourage adjustment to learn how to use communication to redirect the sign, the mood and the trajectory.

The concept of the good life is explored here as a means of introducing and contextualising the radical grounds for rethinking our intimacies that the work collected in this issue undertakes. On the one hand, there has been a diminution in popular culture's imaginary engagement with forms of living otherwise, traceable through the shifting representation of what might constitute ‘a good life’ in British sitcoms during the second half of the twentieth century. Television comedies which dramatised opting out of middle-class normativity were gradually replaced by those centred around the familial unit as a buffer against disappointed attempts to forge a future differently. This increasingly conservative trend in popular culture is contrasted with an increasing radicality in the thinking about how we might live differently within the realms of theory, especially theorists who are indebted to and in dialogue with psychoanalysis. This is explored primary in the work of Leo Bersani and then through the introduction of each essay in this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article offers information on a research study that examines the impact of promoting physical activity among general practitioners on their behavior and intentions to promote physical activity among their patients in Great Britain. It is mentioned that a randomized controlled trial was conducted on fourth year medical students during their placement in primary care. Also, the pedometer step counts were used for the research.

This paper presents a qualitative analysis of the changing fortunes of firms and territorial innovation systems in the emergent handheld devices segment of the global innovation network (GIN) in information and communication technology (ICT). The conceptual approach draws fairly lightly upon evolutionary complexity theory from which important concepts such as “path interdependence” “strange attractors” and system “self-organization” derive. In this version of a suite of papers on the GINs topic, particular emphasis is placed upon supply chain displacements of western chipmakers by Asian chipmakers from the first and second versions of theApple“smartphone”, forerunner of its equally successful “tablet” technology. These are the apotheosis of innovative “convergence” in which knowledge recombination produces unanticipated novelty in products and services. It is shown howApple, like earlier transitioning ICT firms such asIBM,Microsoftand, more recently,Hewlett Packard, engaged in “modularization” largely by acquisition in order to re-position themselves in new global markets. Spatial proximities and policies are seen as crucial to many of the processes described. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A major curriculum redesign effort at the University of Maryland is infusing all levels of our undergraduate biological sciences curriculum with increased emphasis on interdisciplinary connections and quantitative approaches. The curriculum development efforts have largely been guided by recommendations in the National Research Council'sBio 2010report and have resulted in revisions to courses in biology, mathematics, and physics over a period of 10 years. Important components of this effort included (1) developing online modules to infuse more mathematical content into six biology courses taken by biological sciences majors during their first 2 years of study; (2) strengthening the interdisciplinary connections of ancillary courses in mathematics and physics to support the development of quantitative skills in biological contexts; and (3) creating more quantitatively intensive courses for the final 2 years of the bachelors of science programme. These efforts, carried out by a large, multidisciplinary team of faculty, have resulted in increased coherence in the undergraduate biological sciences curriculum, increased quantitative skills in first- and second-year students, and a greater appreciation among graduates for the essential relationship between mathematics and modern biology. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper asks whether biotechnology, in general, and the industry clusters of innovative biotechnology enterprises that have uniformly characterised its economic form, are now in a terminal crisis. Or are the difficulties that are clearly evident and described below surmountable and showing signs of being surmounted? The question of a crisis in biotechnology is important because so much faith has been placed in the technology over the past generation during which it has made great technical strides forward in medicine and other user communities (agro-food, energy, environment, security) and contributed significantly to healthcare and welfare gains while high hopes have long and justifiably been associated with its vibrant industry clusters. The paper postulates a crisis based on two key features of biotechnology. The first of these is an economic crisis in which enormous sums are required to research, develop and innovate new products, especially medical drugs. The second is epistemological and confronts the (reductionist) central dogma of biotechnology with the evolutionary implications of emergent systems biology. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article focuses on demonstrations under the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement over the death of African Americans George Floyd in the U.S. Topics include reports that movement spread across the Atlantic and took hold in the United Kingdom, with protests taking place across the country; and examines that the Black Lives Matter movement has faced controversy in the press and has also been met with what might be called ambivalence from the UK government.

This paper works with global production network (GPN) as compared to global innovation network (GIN) theory and focuses on the global information and communication technologies (ICT), specifically the hard disk drive (HDD) aspects of that system. In this respect it has a double distinction to examine: it concerns complex socio-economic and political governance processes focused upon innovation, argued by many to be the guiding principle of the construction of economic advantage in the contemporary era and it utilizes theory to capture important contrasts in the condition of key and changing building blocks in the global ICT industry. Methodologically, it is qualitative and necessarily so, based in this instance on much secondary information interpretation and some interviews. The larger project of which these findings are a small part had a balance of the two methods of inquiry. Empirically, the paper finds that GPN set-ups are not particularly innovation-inducing, tend to stabilizing over the long term and firm growth is largely by acquisition. The contemporary global ICT system is, by contrast, endogenously innovative, far from stable and has greater developmental potential because of its key GIN characteristic, which is its capacity for novelty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the development of coatings to meet the needs of the automotive sector in Great Britain. It cites the importance of coatings, such as the thin film physical vapour deposition (PVD), to achieve the required low interfacial contact resistance, high corrosion resistance and a longevity in excess of 5,000 hours. It also notes the result of research and development (R&D) which found that a range of coatings combine the best aspects of nitride and carbon-based coatings.

The sources cited within this issue are presented including the books "Women's Movements: Flourishing or in Abeyance?" by Sandra Grey, "Ain't I a Woman? Black Women and Feminism," and the organization Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era, Women and Gender Institute, Miriam College.

Despite minimum age requirements for joining popular social networking services such as Facebook, many students misrepresent their real ages and join as active participants in the networks. This descriptive study examines the use of social networking services (SNSs) by children under the age of 13. The researchers surveyed a sample of 199 students, ages 7-12, to determine how active they were within social networking services and how knowledgeable they were about their personal safety and the potential for harmful interactions the services might cause them. The study concluded that students begin to join social networking services as early as age 9. Although their parents are generally aware of their participation and children generally have an open communication with them about their activities, there appears to be a general lack of training and information about such skills as creating privacy settings and assessing safety risks. This early student engagement with social networking strongly suggests that training pre-service teachers about online safety awareness should be more widespread. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bibliography on the subject of abortion is presented, which includes The Role of Men for Gender Equality: World Development Report 2012 Background Paper, the books "Gender Equality and Men: Learning from Practice," edited by Sandy Ruxton, and "Making Sense of Fatherhood: Gender, Caring and Work," by Tina Miller.

The focus of this short report is on workers who are 50+ years of age and who have a work schedule averaging 50+ hours per week (i.e. a ‘long workweek’), using Statistics Canada's linked Workplace and Employee Survey (WES) 2005 microdata, as well as selected qualitative study findings. The results show that the proportion having a long workweek is actually higher among older workers relative to others. Also, mean job satisfaction among older workers with a long workweek is at least as high as older workers without one, whether or not controlling for other factors. In terms of the characteristics of older workers with a long workweek, this is overwhelmingly a male-dominated group, and the majority are in a managerial/professional occupation. Thus, they do not exhibit the characteristics typically associated with those having poor quality schedules or employment. Since older workers represent a growing proportion of labour markets in industrialised nations, it is important that these workers access sufficiently attractive employment opportunities to keep them in the labour force. However, the findings provide yet another reminder that workers' scheduling realities and preferences are not homogeneous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In September 2012 the Law Commission for England and Wales published a document entitled, unusually, a “Supplementary Consultation Paper”, on the subject of “Matrimonial Property, Needs and Agreements”.1 It was the second consultation within the Commission's current family law project. Rather than repeat what has already been said it may be easier to explain this process by reproducing here part of the Commission's summary of the paper.2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on neonatology and importance of good care in newborns. Topics discussed include recognition of congenital malformations by ultrasonography in infancy and antenatal diagnosis which was unavailable previously, common existence of neutral tube defects such as anencephaly and meningomyelocole, genetic coding for the folate-dependent enzyme responsible for neutral tube defects, improvements in the quality of ultrasound scanning technology.

The aims of this paper are to reflect on policy evolution observed in the EURODITE study regions, to identify the most innovative policy trajectories for delivering growth opportunities to regional firms and to explain this in terms of key theoretical findings about the virtuous policy cycles that arise from geographical proximity, co-evolution, path inter-dependence, relatedness and transversality. Accordingly, the paper involves, first, assessing the role of varieties of “proximity” in the formation of spatial distinctiveness. Second it investigates the appropriateness or otherwise of notions of “path dependence” to understanding spatial co-evolution. This leads to insights about “relatedness” in the interaction of path dependences, or more accurately path inter-dependence in evolving spatial processes, notably interactions between regional innovation paradigms and regimes in explaining regional variety. This allows eventual conjecture regarding the evidence for “regional regime variety” based on appropriately selected EURODITE regions (Bavaria, Midi-Pyrénées, Skåne, Styria) both as an advanced “platform” model of regional evolution and as a fundamental process that blocks regional homogenization. This would explain how regional culture influences policy to maintain regional specificities under forces like globalization and “digital culture” that are purported to be erosive of regional distinctiveness. Strong empirical evidence is adduced for co-evolutionary and multi-level spatial distinctiveness in paradigms and regimes that condition contemporary innovation knowledge flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts on gender topics which include the feminists in international nongovernment organisations (NGOs), feminist bureaucrats in United Nations (UN), and gender mainstreaming.

Psychopathic personality disorder (PPD) has important clinical and forensic implications. But much more effort has been devoted to assessing or diagnosing PPD than to explicating or defining it. In the first part of this paper, we describe the development of a conceptual model or “concept map” of PPD. Based on a systematic review of descriptions of PPD in the clinical and research literature, as well as consultation with subject matter experts, we identified key features of the disorder and translated them into 33 symptoms, presented as natural language (i.e., non-technical) trait descriptive adjectives or adjectival phrases. Each symptom in turn was defined by three synonymous adjectives or adjectival phrases. The 33 symptoms were grouped rationally to reflect six domains of personality functioning. In the second part of the paper, we discuss research completed and in progress intended to validate the CAPP conceptual model. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The construct of female psychopathy is poorly understood. Progress in this area is hindered by the reliance on male psychopathy conceptualizations and measurement frameworks, and the failure to establish what the construct looks like in females. Case studies are a fundamental step in the development of a clearer female psychopathy conceptualization, yet one that has been neglected in the literature. This article explores the presentation and manifestation of psychopathic traits in two cases of women offenders with high levels of such traits, using two measures of psychopathy: the Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality (CAPP) and the Psychopathy Checklist Screening Version (PCL:SV). Findings are discussed in relation to what is known about psychopathy in women, and in men. Potential implications for clinical practice, including the assessment of psychopathy in women, are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]