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This study examined how habitat and resource conditions influence the foraging behaviour and ecology of the Pale (Pallid) Flycatcher Agricola pallidus and Marico Flycatcher Bradornis mariquensis, two perch-and-pounce insectivores that swoop on prey from elevated perches. These species were studied in the early 1980s at the Nylsvley Nature Reserve in Limpopo Province, South Africa, where Marico Flycatchers occupied fine-leafed, spinescent Vachellia (Acacia) tortilis-dominated woodland, while Pale Flycatchers were confined to Burkea africana-dominated mesophyll woodland. These two woodland types correspond to two contrasting savanna types across Africa more broadly: arid-eutrophic, fine-leafed savannas and mesic/moist-dystrophic, broad-leafed woodlands. Their juxtaposition at the Nylsvley Reserve provided an opportunity to explore the factors affecting the habitat preferences and foraging behaviour of these two species. Acacia woodlands had higher invertebrate abundance, at least on the ground, and lower groundcover than Burkea woodlands in both seasons, although the difference was less during the dry season. Throughout the year, Marico Flycatchers consistently foraged at a faster rate, pouncing more frequently and more successfully on prey than did Pale Flycatchers. They also spent less time searching from each perch and gave up sooner if they found nothing. The average time difference between successful and unsuccessful searches was only a few seconds for both species, however. Presumably because they occupied a less productive woodland, Pale Flycatchers had considerably larger home ranges and occurred at lower densities overall, and so experienced fewer intraspecific and interspecific interactions. In contrast, Marico Flycatchers faced more competition both intra- and interspecifically, especially in the dry season when prey was scarce; they lost most of their conflicts, all with larger birds. Habitat separation between these two flycatcher species is apparently maintained by the differences in habitat structure, resource availability and occasional interspecific interactions, in which Marico Flycatchers dominated Pale Flycatchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dyarubbin (also known as the Hawkesbury-Nepean River) is an urban river, which has been cared for by Darug custodians for millennia and has, in recent years, experienced substantial change through new plans and developments. This paper contributes to crafting an understanding of contested Dyarubbin, drawing on qualitative research completed in 2021 which included a survey, document analysis and semi-structured interviews, to discuss how the historicisation of Indigenous water values in ‘Our River’ marginalises Dyarubbin’s place as (part of) Darug Country. The paper discusses how the marginalisation and historicisation of Indigenous water values can be read as water colonialism in an urban setting. By building on recent research in the area of water justice, the paper illustrates how planning initiatives have so far persistently failed to incorporate Indigenous water values. While water colonialism in early settler colonial Australia and rural Australia has been well established, the paper provides insight into how such practices endure in urban planning practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Voice-based categorisation of others' sexual orientations, known as auditory gaydar judgments, can represent stressful and stigmatising events for targets. This mixed-methods study examined sense-making about others' auditory gaydar judgements. Sixty-seven lesbian women and 77 gay men described negative episodes in which they thought that their sexual orientation was inferred from their voices. Those reporting such experiences also rated their emotional distress and their engagement with coping strategies. Those reporting no experiences explained why they might have had none. We analysed whether participants' judgements represented stigmatising experiences and how gender conformity perceptions shaped individuals' sense-making. Gay men reported experiencing auditory gaydar more often, rated such experiences as more emotionally distressing, and reported engaging more with coping strategies than lesbian women did. Gay men described both being stigmatised by others' gaydar judgements and their own attempts to sound straight. Gaydar experiences of gay men were occasioned by deviations from gender conformity. Lesbians' experiences were sometimes interpreted through emic subcultural gender concepts. In line with the minority stress model, auditory gaydar judgements should be considered as stressors contributing to individuals' wellbeing, at least for gay men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Professional practice in health and social care is embodied by the practitioners concerned, embedded in practice contexts and creative in nature. It is therefore complex to investigate, understand and develop. Current health and social care contexts can present practitioners with increasingly constraining circumstances and spaces that can feel closed instead of open to exploration and development of practice. The collaborative, critical and creative inquiry methodology presented here was developed among nurses practising in such challenging circumstances. It enables nurses and other health and social care practitioners to reveal, explore and develop their embodied practices, systematically and collaboratively, amid busy daily practice situations. However ‘small’ the space they are in, the process described here can help practitioners to enlarge their space for becoming. The iterative cycle and the use of participatory arts help illuminate otherwise hidden and difficult to articulate aspects of practice, enable the involvement of stakeholders in coming to new understandings and lead to an expanded view of professional practice and its potential for transformation. The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, to present the methodology, methods and lessons learned during the doctoral study in which this approach was developed. Second, to reveal the professional artistry of facilitating this space for becoming and of supporting professionals to reveal their own and others’ professional artistry. Lastly, to offer inspiration and a guide for others considering similar participative inquiry work and to encourage debate and critique of the approach taken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As PhD candidates of geography and planning, we engage in a collaborative autoethnography to reflect on our experiences during a writing retreat. We explore the significance of material and immaterial spaces of the retreat and how these spaces impacted our academic writing. We emphasise the value of a collaborative and supportive learning environment that challenges the productivity-driven, neoliberal narrative imbued in academic writing. Drawing on our personal reflections of the retreat, we illustrate how writing retreats foster a "space" of support, facilitate academic writing competence, and expose participants to new avenues of learning. Using a grounded theory approach, we draw on Donna Haraway's situated knowledges as well as and Dooren Massey's theorisation on space, to examine our individual reflections and collectively discuss the intricate relationship between solitude and productivity in academic writing. Our findings delve into diverse experiences of material space (physical) and immaterial space (psychological and imaginative), as well as the negotiation of solitude-togetherness and speed-slowness interface within the retreat context. We argue for rethinking the notion of a retreat, envisioning it as a space that challenges the norms of academic productivity and fosters a more caring and interconnected approach to scholarly writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How does the work of art mediate the recognitions we give one another in a rights-based order when that order cannot guarantee the rights it promises? What does an account of the open-ended, norm-mediating, performative and socio-aesthetic complexity of the work of art offer this 'After Rights?' inquiry? In addressing these questions, I draw on the insights of Jacques Ranciere, Fiona Jenkins, Jean Luc Nancy, Judith Butler, and Sylviya Lechner and Mervyn Frost to argue that the work of art, as a creative and interpretive aesthetic locus, ethically constitutes its practitioners (artists and audiences) as participants in an open-ended norm-mediating risk relation. The argument is that the work of art is an encounter-event practice for performing our commonality beyond power, violence, hierarchy, reason, and rights – even as that work also lends itself, as a beside-rights practice, to the mediation of hidden and discriminatory rights-abusing practices and norms. I do so via a consideration of the work of South African artists which mediate and contest misogynistic, heteronormative and racist discriminations beside and beyond the rights guarantees of the 1996 South African Constitution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractBackgroundAimsMethodsResultsConclusionAnxiety symptoms and disorders are common in the UK. Whilst waiting for, or alongside, treatments such as anxiolytics or psychological therapies, people often self-manage anxiety symptoms with products purchased over-the-counter (OTC), such as herbal medicines or dietary supplements. However, the evidence for these products is often presented across different reviews and is not easy for patients or healthcare professionals to compare and understand.To determine the nature and size of the evidence base available for these products.A scoping review. CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, and AMED (inception—Dec 2022) were searched for RCTs assessing OTC products in people aged 18–60 with symptoms or a diagnosis of anxiety.In total 69 papers assessing a range of products were found, which mostly focussed on kava, lavender, saffron, probiotics, Galphimia glauca and valerian. Studies used varying dosages. Compared to herbal medicine studies, there were much fewer dietary supplement studies and homeopathic remedy studies, despite some of use of these by the general public.Future research needs to investigate commonly used but less evaluated products (e.g. chamomile, St John’s Wort) and to evaluate products against or alongside conventional treatments to better reflect patient decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on how natural theology influenced John Gardner Wilkinson's Egyptology, balancing Biblical views with emerging geological theories. It reexamines Wilkinson's scholarship, presenting him as someone who integrated religious and scientific perspectives, rather than adhering strictly to fundamentalist views.

Developing organizational strategic partnerships is important to advance initiatives such as research, training/education, and interprofessional collaboration (IPC) with a global perspective. Commitments to collaborative leadership, intentional partnership, coordination, and progress, thematically represent the series of critical decisions and actions collectively required to achieve strategic alliance success. The purpose of this paper is to describe the evidenced-informed framework and systematic processes involved in building successful strategic organizational and collaborative partnerships for InterprofessionalResearch.Global to expand and enhance opportunities for IPC on mutually beneficial initiatives. The conceptual model for effective collaborative partnerships by Butt et al. (2008) provided a framework for InterprofessionalResearch.Global to develop two strategic organizational partnerships consistent with its mission, vision, and goals to explore interprofessional research and policy gaps through global research partnerships, grow and sustain communities of practice, and mobilize evidence-informed interprofessional education and collaborative practice across multiple and diverse contexts. These organizational partnerships are defined by a Memorandum of Understanding with clear expectations and mechanisms of communication, defined priority areas and timelines for collaborative efforts, mutual understanding of the purposes of each relationship, and timeline and expectations for periodic evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While mood instability is strongly linked to depression, its ramifications remain unexplored. In patients diagnosed with unipolar depression (UD), our objective was to investigate the association between mood instability, calculated based on daily smartphone-based patient-reported data on mood, and functioning, quality of life, perceived stress, empowerment, rumination, recovery, worrying and wellbeing. Patients with UD completed daily smartphone-based self-assessments of mood for 6 months, making it possible to calculate mood instability using the Root Mean Squared Successive Difference (rMSSD) method. A total of 59 patients with UD were included. Data were analyzed using mixed effects regression models. There was a statistically significant association between increased mood instability and increased perceived stress (adjusted model: B: 0.010, 95% CI: 0.00027; 0.021, p = 0.044), and worrying (adjusted model: B: 0.0060, 95% CI: 0.000016; 0.012, p = 0.049), and decreased quality of life (adjusted model: B: −0.0056, 95% CI: −0.011; −0.00028, p = 0.039), recovery (adjusted model: B: −0.032, 95% CI: −0.0059; −0.00053, p = 0.019) and wellbeing. There were no statistically significant associations between mood instability and functioning, empowerment, and rumination (p's >0.09). These findings underscore the significant influence of mood instability on patients' daily lives. Identification of mood fluctuations offer potential insights into the trajectory of the illness in these individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay analyses disputed marriages/divorces involving Jewish immigrants to England between 1870 and 1940. English courts came to contradictory decisions in these cases due to the difference between religiously-based systems in Eastern Europe and Britain's secular, centralised approach. The result was split decisions. In civil courts, magistrates upheld religious marriages by awarding maintenance to wives, but the same evidence proved insufficient in the criminal courts to convict for bigamy. Unfortunately, whatever the outcome, these cases fed into anti-alienist rhetoric at the turn of the twentieth century, associating 'alien' Jewish immigrants with wife desertion, criminal behaviour, and even polygamy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars of entrepreneurship can agree that 'context matters.' However, there is little consensus regarding the processes through which context and entrepreneurship are mutually constructive. While the influence of top-down forces on entrepreneurial action is well-studied, the ways in which 'bottom-up' entrepreneurial processes reshape context remain undertheorized. To help fill this void, this article explores the dynamic interplay between entrepreneurship and semi-colonial context in Republican Shanghai (1911–1949), by retracing the history of Shanghai's 'Taxi King', Zhou Xiangsheng, and his enterprise, Johnson Taxi. Through context theorising, the article explicates mechanisms by which Chinese entrepreneurs reshaped semi-colonial Shanghai: how they launched informal taxi services that filled critical gaps in urban connectivity; combined heterogenous technologies to build city-wide taxi networks that traversed Shanghai's many divides; and harnessed rising nationalistic sentiments to link the consumption of transportation services with political identity. We argue that through such mechanisms, Chinese entrepreneurs not only navigated their situated context, but actively re-imagined and transformed it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A common methodological limitation of research that guides surgical procedure selection for children's elective lower limb orthopaedic surgeries is inconsistent outcome selection. Improving outcome consistency can be achieved through the development of a core outcome set (COS). The aim of this study is to identify which outcomes are considered important for children's elective lower limb orthopaedic surgeries by allied health professionals (AHPs) and explore why they select these outcomes, to inform a COS development project. Online semi-structured interviews were conducted with relevant AHPs. Participants were selected using maximum variation purposive sampling; selection was based on profession and inpatient/outpatient role. The data set was analysed using an inductive and deductive approach to thematic analysis. Four physiotherapists, three orthotists, three prosthetists, and two occupational therapists were interviewed. Most identified outcomes of importance related to "activities and participation". From the data, we conceptualised that AHPs with effective multidisciplinary communication focused on child-centred outcomes, while clinicians with limited multidisciplinary teamwork focused on role-based outcomes. There is concurrence between outcomes identified as important in this study, and other qualitative studies in similar populations. These important outcomes were seldom measured in previous studies or in routine clinical practice. Allied health professionals (AHPs) prioritise activity and participation outcomes after children's elective lower limb orthopaedic surgery. It is important to the rehabilitation of children after elective lower limb orthopaedic surgery that all involved AHPs collaborate with the wider multidisciplinary team. Multidisciplinary team communication encourages collaborative outcome identification, and discourages role defined outcome focus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the mediumship of creative histories in Doireann Ní Ghríofa's "A Ghost in the Throat." It examines domestic labor, embodied epistemology in caonineadh as an oral expression of grief, the nature of women's collective experiences and their act of resistance. It discusses the absence of silence of female voice within historical tradition and stresses ethical considerations on collaborative storytelling within feminist scholarship.

Canada is one of the few counties where the use of advisory opinions approaches that of the international level. The country's most famous advisory is the 1998 Quebec Secession Reference, which became an authoritative source for international law on statehood and secession. It also showcases the peculiarities of the practice and offers lessons about the operations of law at its conceptual extremes. Because it required Canada's Supreme Court to recast the country's history and constitutionalism it shows how juridical mischief can be the wellspring of creativity and why the advisory opinion is the instrument par excellence for its introduction. Martti Koskenniemi finds similar narratives of false coherence and unresolved resolution are a hallmark of international law, suggesting a transnational pattern. John Borrows believes these patterns already shape Canada's unresolved colonial constitutionalism and suggests they can also rehabilitate it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Substance misuse among young people is one of the most public concerns in global health. This study set out to explore treatment barriers and abstinence paradigm among young people. This study utilized an explorative qualitative approach. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data from 30 participants. The data was thematically analyzed. The study found that the barriers to treatment among the young people included fear of being incarcerated, poor drug awareness, stigmatization, inhibiting financial costs for treatment, and conflating drug use with personal freedom. There is a need to improve drug awareness and treatment among young people in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FDA's Proposed Final Rule to ban menthol cigarettes asserts that "menthol cigarettes contribute to greater nicotine dependence in youth and young adults than non-menthol cigarettes." However, none of the publications referenced included young adults. To provide empirical evidence on the subject, we examine smoking frequency and Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) dependence among 2,194 young adult (ages 18–25 years) menthol and non-menthol smokers from 31 online survey samples. Unpaired t-tests examined if daily smoking or the proportion of daily smokers who are low or high dependence on the HSI vary by menthol cigarette smoking status. Young adult menthol smokers were less likely to be daily smokers than young adult non-menthol smokers. There were no differences in the percentages of daily menthol and non-menthol smokers categorized as low or high dependence on the HSI. Smoking menthol cigarettes, therefore, does not appear to be associated with greater cigarette dependence among young adults than smoking non-menthol cigarettes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detrimental physical, mental, and socioeconomic effects of substance use disorders (SUDs) have been apparent to the medical community for decades. However, it has become increasingly urgent in recent years to develop novel pharmacotherapies to treat SUDs. Currently, practitioners typically rely on monotherapy. Monotherapy has been shown to be superior to no treatment at all for most substance classes. However, many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have revealed that monotherapy leads to poorer outcomes when compared with combination treatment in all specialties of medicine. The results of RCTs suggest that monotherapy frequently fails since multiple dysregulated pathways, enzymes, neurotransmitters, and receptors are involved in the pathophysiology of SUDs. As such, research is urgently needed to determine how various neurobiological mechanisms can be targeted by novel combination treatments to create increasingly specific yet exceedingly comprehensive approaches to SUD treatment. This article aims to review the neurobiology that integrates many pathophysiologic mechanisms and discuss integrative pharmacology developments that may ultimately improve clinical outcomes for patients with SUDs. Many neurobiological mechanisms are known to be involved in SUDs including dopaminergic, nicotinic, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), and kynurenic acid (KYNA) mechanisms. Emerging evidence indicates that KYNA, a tryptophan metabolite, modulates all these major pathophysiologic mechanisms. Therefore, achieving KYNA homeostasis by harmonizing integrative pathophysiology and pharmacology could prove to be a better therapeutic approach for SUDs. We propose KYNA-NMDA-α7nAChRcentric pathophysiology, the "conductor of the orchestra," as a novel approach to treat many SUDs concurrently. KYNA-NMDA-α7nAChR pathophysiology may be the "command center" of neuropsychiatry. To date, extant RCTs have shown equivocal findings across comparison conditions, possibly because investigators targeted single pathophysiologic mechanisms, hit wrong targets in underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms, and tested inadequate monotherapy treatment. We provide examples of potential combination treatments that simultaneously target multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms in addition to KYNA. Kynurenine pathway metabolism demonstrates the greatest potential as a target for neuropsychiatric diseases. The investigational medications with the most evidence include memantine, galantamine, and N-acetylcysteine. Future RCTs are warranted with novel combination treatments for SUDs. Multicenter RCTs with integrative pharmacology offer a promising, potentially fruitful avenue to develop novel therapeutics for the treatment of SUDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide rates vary across occupational groups, with protective service occupations at elevated risk for suicide. Yet, research on correctional officer suicide remains sparse, as does research linking the broader social context to police officer suicides and correctional officer suicides. This study examines differences in the individual and contextual risk factors for police officer suicides, correctional officer suicides, and non-protective service suicides in the U.S. from 2003 to 2018 using data from the National Violent Death Reporting System and the American Community Survey. Descriptive analysis and logistic hierarchical models indicated that police officer suicides, correctional officer suicides, and non-protective service suicides had distinct etiologies. Additionally, the broader social context had an appreciable impact on occupation-specific suicide. Ultimately, interventions to address suicidality, including among public safety professionals, should be occupation-specific and consider both individual and contextual risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to illuminate health disparities between people with depression and those without. A sample of 27,164 people without depression and 3,797 people with self-reported depression were selected from the 2013 BRFSS. The results indicate that people with depression have higher odds of having chronic diseases and smoking but lower odds of eating fruits. Despite a higher insured rate of people with depression, more of them experienced financial barriers to health care due to the cost. People with depression had a higher odds of having health insurance, having a healthcare provider, and experiencing financial barriers to healthcare [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The Cambridge Companion to Montesquieu" is a book that explores the enduring relevance of Montesquieu's ideas. It covers major themes in his thought and includes contributions from renowned scholars. The book provides a synopsis of Montesquieu's life and career, delves into his major works, and explores various thematic aspects of his political thought. It offers new interpretations and insights into Montesquieu's ideas and their relevance today. Montesquieu's views on religion, slavery, women's rights, and international relations are also discussed, highlighting his belief in the social and political utility of religion, his criticism of slavery, his examination of women's role in society, and his emphasis on moral principles and the civilizing effects of commerce in international relations. The text also explores the reception and legacy of Montesquieu's work, emphasizing his influence on the Enlightenment and his contributions to liberal thought. [Extracted from the article]

Efforts to increase the number of behavioral health (BH) paraprofessionals delivering substance use disorder (SUD) treatment and prevention services in the U.S. are underway. This scoping review sought to determine the efficacy of these efforts by answering: what client-centered SUD recovery outcomes are associated with interventions delivered by paraprofessionals? Database searches identified 18 full-text, peer-reviewed studies published between 2014 and 2022 eligible for review; however, none of the charted studies met all inclusion criteria for answering the question. This scoping review revealed that there is insufficient data about the impact of paraprofessionals on SUD recovery outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BMS-986141 is a novel, oral, protease-activated, receptor 4 (PAR4)-antagonist that exhibited robust antithrombotic activity and low bleeding risk in preclinical studies. The pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and tolerability profiles of BMS-986141 in healthy participants were assessed in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-ascending-dose (SAD; N = 60) study; a multiple-ascending-dose (MAD; N = 32) study; and a Japanese MAD (JMAD; N = 32) study. Exposure was dose-proportional for BMS-986141 2.5 mg and 150 mg; maximum concentrations were 17.6 ng/mL and 958 ng/mL; and areas under the curve (AUC) to infinity were 183 h* × ng/mL and 9207 h* × ng/mL, respectively. Mean half-life ranged from 33.7 to 44.7 hours across dose panels. The accumulation index following once-daily administration for 7 days suggested a 1.3- to 2-fold AUC increase at steady state. In the SAD study, BMS-986141 75 and 150 mg produced ≥80% inhibition of 25-100 µM PAR4 agonist peptide (AP)-induced platelet aggregation, without affecting PAR1-AP-induced platelet aggregation, through ≥ 24 hours postdose. In the MAD and JMAD studies, BMS-986141 doses ≥10 mg completely inhibited 12.5 µM and 25 µM PAR4-AP-induced platelet aggregation through 24 hours. This study found BMS-986141 was safe and well tolerated, with dose-proportional pharmacokinetics and concentration-dependent pharmacodynamics in healthy participants over a wide dose range. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02341638. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intergenerational activities have many benefits for older adults and adolescents. The present study describes an intergenerational activity involving older adults and high school students co-producing a video of an experience that was meaningful to residents of a nearby aged care residence. Over two weeks, 2–4 students co-designed an engaging video with 1–2 residents, culminating in a final session where both residents and students stationary cycled while viewing the video. Valuable lessons about the complexity of the activity, materials needed, timing and locations of some activities, and the length of the program will inform a larger trial of the program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals' personal values have a significant influence on their attitudes and behaviors within organizations, yet we have limited knowledge about whether and how personal values differ across sectors. This study investigates sector differences in personal values, applying Schwartz's well-established constructs of basic human values. We hypothesize that public employees are more likely to have stronger self-transcendence and conformity values and weaker openness to change values than private employees. Using multi-year data from 20 countries, we find that public employees have stronger self-transcendence and conformity values, consistent across countries, with a few differences across industries. No systematic sector difference in openness to change was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been hypothesized that menthol in cigarettes increases dependence. Several studies suggest that menthol and non-menthol smokers have similar or lower levels of dependence, but those studies are not without limitations. The Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) is a widely accepted, validated measure of cigarette dependence. This report aims to provide further evidence regarding dependence among menthol and non-menthol smokers, as indicated by daily smoking and as measured by the HSI. Survey data from 27,131 adult smokers were analyzed to compare the percent of menthol and non-menthol smokers who are daily smokers, and the percentage who are low or high HSI dependence. Logistic regressions were also conducted to determine if menthol use predicts daily smoking, and low or high dependence after controlling for demographic differences. Comparisons among weighted samples of adult smokers demonstrate that menthol smokers were consistently more likely to be non-daily smokers, more likely to be in the low dependence category, and less likely to be in the high dependence category on the HSI as compared to non-menthol smokers. Logistic regression confirmed that when controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and education, relative to non-menthol smokers, menthol smokers had no difference in odds of being in the low dependence HSI category and significantly lower odds of being a daily smoker, and of being in the high dependence category. These analyses support the conclusion that, based on the HSI, menthol smokers are not more cigarette dependent than non-menthol smokers, and may be less dependent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper draws on the example of Dyarubbin (Nepean River), an urban river in Sydney, Australia, to illuminate how community engagement facilitates the expression of diverse river values. Combining Indigenous water justice, critical planning scholarship, and a scalar approach to values, and drawing on qualitative research conducted in 2021, we discuss how diverse community values have been represented in strategies for the river and consider which values are overlooked in these processes. We conclude by arguing that values for Dyarubbin are contested and diverse, however the rigid nature of engagement frameworks and the scalar nature of government responsibilities have reduced engagement's influence on planning outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinically, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a syndrome with a spectrum of various cognitive disorders. There is a complete dissociation between the pathology and the clinical presentation. Therefore, we need a disruptive new approach to be able to prevent and treat AD. In this review, the authors extensively discuss the evidence why the amyloid beta is not the pathological cause of AD which makes therefore the amyloid hypothesis not sustainable anymore. They review the experimental evidence underlying the role of microbes, especially that of viruses, as a trigger/cause for the production of amyloid beta leading to the establishment of a chronic neuroinflammation as the mediator manifesting decades later by AD as a clinical spectrum. In this context, the emergence and consequences of the infection/antimicrobial protection hypothesis are described. The epidemiological and clinical data supporting this hypothesis are also analyzed. For decades, we have known that viruses are involved in the pathogenesis of AD. This discovery was ignored and discarded for a long time. Now we should accept this fact, which is not a hypothesis anymore, and stimulate the research community to come up with new ideas, new treatments, and new concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive perspective of women's health increases healthy equity and broadens the spectrum of care for women. The Circle of Health, a holistic health assessment tool, was created by the National Centers of Excellence in Women's Health (NCEWH). This initiative focuses on advancing women's health needs by empowering them to actively engage about their own health care. The tool includes surveys for seven distinct domains of health: physical, social, emotional, intellectual, environmental, financial, and spiritual. The present study reports comprehensive health findings for a sample of 169 females from Region VIII with data collected from February 2014 to April 2019. The Circle of Health tool highlights distinct health needs across the seven domains. For the present sample of mostly female college students, areas of concern included the emotional, financial, and environmental health domains. Further research is needed to examine the holistic health of women from diverse cultural, racial, age, and socioeconomic backgrounds. The Circle of Health tool describes health, for both women and their health providers, more holistically and encourages an integrative model of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the COVID-19 pandemic swept across the United States, the media began reporting stories of people leaving cities for rural destinations, setting off frenzied real estate activity in receiving communities. This article builds a case study of New England using nonconventional data collected from mobile devices as a proxy for population to explore the temporal and spatial patterns of movement down the urban hierarchy since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Two research questions guide the analysis: (1) How have urban–rural migration systems in New England shifted since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic? (2) In what ways have real estate markets been affected by these apparent migration shifts? The analysis reveals shifts of population away from metropolitan core areas of the region and into micropolitan and noncore counties. These population shifts were most pronounced in late summer and fall 2020 with loosening travel restrictions. By the end of 2020, migration systems in New England once more resembled prepandemic patterns. Further, these places down the urban hierarchy consistently showed more substantial increases in real estate activity as reflected in rising prices, reduced inventories, and increased sales volume. These real estate dynamics suggest urban to rural migration during the COVID-19 pandemic might be initiating new waves of rural gentrification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several protective factors for mitigating suicidal ideation (SI) such as positive affect, reasons for living, purpose in life, meaning in life, gratitude, grit, optimism, social support, and hope have been identified and received empirical support. However, few studies have examined the interrelationships of these protective factors and the identification of protective factors most closely linked to lower levels of SI may be useful for both theory-building initiatives and improvement of suicide-specific interventions. Network analysis offers an approach for testing the relation among these constructs, SI, and suicide risk factors. A sample N = 557 undergraduate students oversampled for lifetime SI completed a cross-sectional, online survey. The data was used to estimate an undirected, cross-sectional network of the aforementioned protective factors. The resulting inferred network implicates strong negative influence of suicide cognitions, but not recent SI, and the strong positive influence of presence of meaning in life, trait hope, and low negative affect. Implications for dimensionality of SI versus suicide cognitions, targeting presence of meaning in life, trait hope, and negative affect in treatment, and cross-cultural variations in reasons for living are discussed. The study is limited by the cross-sectional and convenience sampling methodology. Protective factors may have less direct influence on suicidal ideation Suicide cognitions and the suicidal mode may be of phenomenological importance Presence of meaning and trait hope may be primary targets for suicide interventions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There he turns to a single jurist, Gravina, for definitions of the political and the civil state.... Everyone has compared Montesquieu with Hobbes; some have compared Montesquieu with Plutarch; no one has compared Montesquieu with Gravina. Gilmore's ambitious aim is to "restore Rome to its proper place at the peak of Montesquieu's thought and Montesquieu's thought to its proper place in the history of classical study" (3-4). (155-56) Tyranny is not a form of government like despotism but instead what Gilmore calls a "mode" of government (160, 171): despotism and tyranny, therefore, may or may not coincide in one and the same regime. [Extracted from the article]

Split-plot experimental data are often analyzed as if the data came from a completely randomized design. As is well known, ignoring the different levels of randomization and replication can lead to serious inferential errors. However, in some experiments, including many of the ocean global change experiments that motivated this research, variation between whole-plot experimental units may be small relative to variation between subplot units. Even though a factorial analysis will often perform poorly in general, in this special case it outperforms a split-plot analysis, providing narrower confidence intervals for treatment means and differences with coverage rates close to the desired level. The performance of the proposed model-averaged analysis was compared to a classical split-plot analysis via a simulation study, and its utility demonstrated for an ocean global change experiment examining growth and condition of a juvenile mussel species. In our simulation study, model-averaged confidence intervals for whole-plot treatment means or comparisons of means were up to 40% narrower than split-plot confidence intervals while maintaining close to nominal coverage rates. In our example experiment, we observed narrowing of up to 25%. We recommend model averaging as a preferred approach when variation between whole-plot experimental units is expected to be less than between subplot units, with a few caveats for studies with very few replicates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While there are plans for spacecraft to take private travellers to the edge of space, we are yet to see this occur beyond a few individuals. Before this happens in larger numbers, research is needed about the sustainability of private space flight, including potential travellers' awareness of and views about the environmental implications of their spaceflight. This article aims to address this gap by examining the travel motivations of frontier tourists – those individuals who seek to visit some of the most fragile locations on and off the planet, including outer space – connected to the environmental sustainability of this travel. Given space tourism is a subset of frontier tourism, studying the latter might help us to understand the behaviour of the nascent space tourist. Qualitative interviews with frontier tourists were conducted and analysed using grounded theory techniques. While participants referred to the unspoilt characteristics of places, untainted by human activity, as an integral part of their travel experience, many did not see the paradox inherent in this travel. Some who did referred to prosocial motivations connected to environmental causes and saw themselves as ambassadors for conservation. The article concludes with the implications of these findings for sustainable space tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the experience of posttraumatic growth in families who have lost a family member to a drug-related death. Seven family units (17 participants) were interviewed, and interviews were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Analyses revealed themes that reflected positive adaptation and growth, including (a) reframing the loss, (b) open dialogue and social support, and (c) reclamation of purpose. Themes are presented in this paper for their pertinence in understanding how best to negotiate adaptation through complicated grief. The paper concludes that posttraumatic growth can occur once families begin a process of acceptance and receive support through the journey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poisonings contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality of patients. Some patients have numerous contacts to a poison information center, indicating repeated poisoning exposures. Information on the involved substances is necessary to explore methods to prevent self-harm and reduce mortality. The objective of this study was to characterize the patient population with repeated poison exposures in Denmark and identify the substances involved. This study was a retrospective cohort study of enquiries to the nationwide Danish Poison Information Centre and the Danish National Patient Registry. The databases were used to identify patients with more than five individual poisoning episodes within a 12-month-period between 1 January 2013, and 31 December 2017. One hundred and thirty-seven patients and 995 patients met the inclusion criteria in the Danish Poison Information Centre and the Danish National Patient Registry, respectively. The majority were women (82.5% and 66.3% for the Danish Poison Information Centre and the Danish National Patient Registry cohorts, respectively). The mean age was 24.7 and 29.5 years. Psychiatric comorbidities were frequent with 74.5% and 67.0% suffering from personality disorders and 70.1% and 54.5% from affective disorders in the Danish Poison Information Centre and the Danish National Patient Registry cohorts, respectively. One thousand seven hundred and fifty-two poisoning episodes were identified in the Danish Poison Information Centre database, and the most common types of substance were 'pharmaceuticals' (1,420 episodes). The most common medications ingested were quetiapine, paracetamol and cyclizine. Median number of contacts to the Danish Poison Information Centre was 10. Patients with one or more poisoning episodes involving cyclizine had on average 11.4 poisoning episodes involving cyclizine. In the Danish National Patient Registry cohort 80.9% were alive after 10 years compared to 97.7% in the background population. Most poisonings were intentional and occurred among younger women. Psychiatric comorbidity was frequent. Most often, pharmaceuticals were the toxic substance, mainly quetiapine, paracetamol and cyclizine. Changing the status of cyclizine from over the counter to prescription only medication, and implementing stricter rules for prescribing quetiapine, could limit future poisoning incidences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute otitis media (AOM) affects most (80%) children by 5 years of age and is the most common reason children are prescribed antibiotics. The epidemiology of AOM has changed considerably since the widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, which has broad-reaching implications for management. In this narrative review, we cover the epidemiology of AOM, best practices for diagnosis and management, new diagnostic technology, effective stewardship interventions, and future directions of the field. Literature review was performed using PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov. Inaccurate diagnoses, unnecessary antibiotic use, and increasing antimicrobial resistance remain major challenges in AOM management. Fortunately, effective tools and interventions to improve diagnostic accuracy, de-implement unnecessary antibiotic use, and individualize care are on the horizon. Successful scaling of these tools and interventions will be critical to improving overall care for children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-fibre diets are beneficial for many health outcomes via a wide range of mechanisms including gut microbiota fermentation-derived short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) production. Mycoprotein (marketed as Quorn) is a food high in fibre (>6 g/100 g wet weight (ww)) and protein (13 g/100 g ww) which has been shown to have positive effects on glycemic control and appetite in humans. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underpinning this are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the changes in gut microbiota α- and β-diversity, pH and SCFAs production in faecal batch cultures supplemented with pre-digested mycoprotein (Quorn), soy, chicken and control (unsupplemented) using eight fresh stools from healthy donors. The results showed that pre-digested mycoprotein did not alter pH (p =.896), α- or β-diversity of the gut microbiota when compared to the control, soy, and chicken. Nevertheless, chicken led to a significant increase in total SCFAs post-24 h vs. control (+57.07 mmol/L, p =.01). In particular, propionate increased when compared to soy (+19.59 mmol/L, p =.03) and the control (+23.19 mmol/L, p <.01). No other differences in SCFAs were detected. In conclusion, pre-digested mycoprotein was not fermented in vitro by healthy gut microbiota in the settings of this experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing awareness of the negative effects of mineral oils on the natural environment has resulted in the introduction of new regulations related to environmental protection. One of these regulations requires the use of environmentally acceptable/adapted lubricants (EAL) to lubricate marine main shaft bearings, in place of the mineral lubricating oils that have been used for decades. Classification Societies, which supervise the technical condition of ships, record a certain number of failures each year of heavy loaded stern tube bearings lubricated with modern, environmentally friendly lubricants. The reason often given for such failures is that the operating parameters of EAL lubricants are worse than those of mineral oils. The aim of the experimental research reported here was to compare the operating parameters and wear of EAL lubricated journal sliding bearings. For this purpose, two classic mineral lubricating oils and a group of four alternative lubricants from the EAL group were selected. The tests carried out for two types of bearing bushes—sintered bronze and Babbitt—did not show significant differences in terms of operating parameters or journal and bush wear for the entire group of tested lubricants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs is one of the main contributing causes of serious road traffic crashes (RTCs). This study aimed to investigate the involvement of alcohol and drugs in driver fatalities in Norway during 2011–2020 and compare the findings with data from the previous decade. We linked the results of forensic toxicology testing for alcohol and the 17 most commonly used drugs assigned with legal limits with data on fatal road traffic crashes obtained from Statistics Norway and the Norwegian Public Roads Administration. The number of fatalities had decreased significantly since the previous decade, while the proportion of drivers and riders tested for alcohol and drug use increased. Blood alcohol concentrations at the legal limit or higher were found in 14.4% and psychoactive drugs were detected in 15.8% of the cases; 10.7% tested positive for illicit drugs, and 10.1% for medicinal drugs. The most prevalent illicit drugs were tetrahydrocannabinol (7.9%) and amphetamine/methamphetamine (4.7%), whereas the most prevalent medicinal drugs were clonazepam (3.7%) and diazepam (2.2%). There was a marked reduction in the number of motor vehicle drivers killed in RTCs compared with the previous decade, and also a reduction in the prevalence of alcohol. For other substances, there were no marked changes in the prevalence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has linked unsafe firearm storage practices and other ownership-related characteristics to key factors that facilitate the transition from suicidal thoughts to suicidal behaviors (i.e., acquired capability for suicide). This research has not investigated the extent to which firearm owners store firearms in their vehicles, a factor that increases ready access to the most lethal means of suicide. This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence of occasional and permanent vehicle firearm storage as well as demographic and psychological correlates of this practice in a sample of N = 408 adult male firearm owners oversampled for historical thoughts of suicide. Participants completed an online survey for monetary compensation. Over 40% of participants indicated at least occasionally storing firearms in their vehicles with over 15% indicating storage of firearms unlocked and loaded. Elevated scores on measures of negative affect, worry, intolerance of uncertainty, and historical suicidal thoughts and behaviors were seen in those who endorsed vehicle firearm storage compared to those who did not. Individual and public health firearm safety strategies would benefit from an explicit focus on the transition of firearms to and from one's vehicle. Over 40% of male firearm owners at least occasionally store a firearm in a vehicle. 15% of those who store a firearm in a vehicle do so unlocked and loaded. Suicidal thought severity was related to storing a firearm in a vehicle. Historical suicidal behaviors were related to storing a firearm in a vehicle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a framework based on seven principles that build resilience in socio ecological systems, this paper explores how two prominent cycle tourism attractions in New Zealand have been able to adapt to exogenous and endogenous change over several decades. The findings, based on interviews with actors involved in management and governance roles, identifies five factors that have contributed to the resilience demonstrated by these exemplar cases and notes the potential of the seven principles as a guiding framework for organisations responsible for managing or governing similar local tourism systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This new and penetrating book offers perhaps the first sustained discussion of themes not usually associated with Leo Strauss, namely democracy, technology, and liberal education. Through the use of published and unpublished sources, Timothy W. Burns reveals that Strauss was deeply immersed in and concerned with all three themes and their interconnectedness. This is especially true when it comes to modern technology and the modern, Enlightenment project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

World Series Cricket (WSC), a breakaway competition established by the Australian media proprietor Kerry Packer that operated between 1977 and 1979, was arguably the biggest shock to occur in world cricket. While there is some commentary about the financial cost of WSC, there has been little empirical analysis on the monetary effects of WSC on State Cricket Associations affiliated to the Australian Cricket Board (ACB). Analysis of state cricket association financial reports between 1974 and 1982 shows the substantial negative financial impact of WSC, and a relatively quick recovery through increased post-WSC distributions from the ACB. Non-financial information highlights the initial negative, then positive, feelings between the ACB and WSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real-world evidence on the application of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor lipegfilgrastim for the reduction of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and febrile neutropenia (FN) is limited. The NADIR study aimed to evaluate effectiveness and safety of lipegfilgrastim as primary or secondary prophylaxis in patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy in routine clinical practice. The non-interventional study NADIR (German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) Number DRKS00005711) enrolled 156 patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and 145 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), who received lipegfilgrastim during chemotherapy. Primary endpoint was the incidence of severe neutropenia (CTCAE grade 3/4) and FN. The analysis was stratified for age groups (≤65 years vs. >65 years). Approximately half of the patients were aged >65 years (SCLC 54.5%; NSCLC 46.9%). Intention of antineoplastic treatment was mostly palliative (SCLC 89.1%; NSCLC 73.1%). Patients with high FN risk (SCLC 44.9%; NSCLC 28.3%) mostly received lipegfilgrastim for primary prophylaxis (SCLC 81.4%; NSCLC 70.7%). FN was reported in 1.9% SCLC and 1.4% NSCLC patients. At least one severe neutropenia was documented in 30.1% SCLC and 17.9% NSCLC patients. For NSCLC patients aged >65 years, less severe neutropenia was reported as compared to younger patients (14.7% vs. 20.8%). Lipegfilgrastim-related adverse events were reported in 10.3% SCLC and 7.7% NSCLC patients. Lipegfilgrastim in routine clinical practice of patients with lung cancer showed similar effectiveness and safety as compared to the pivotal trial. Interestingly, in older patients severe neutropenia was reported less frequently. While most patients with high FN risk received lipegfilgrastim for primary prophylaxis as recommended, there are still 20–30% of patients at high FN risk without primary prophylaxis who could benefit from better adherence to guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]