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Hybrid nanofluids are capable of being used as a carrier for delivering drugs to targeted areas in the body. For this purpose, the Casson hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) flow is suggested between the gap of two tubes. The study involves analyzing blood-based hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) that consist of silver (Ag) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles for applications of drug delivery. Titanium oxide nanoparticles, or TiO2 NPs, have strong photoactivity, low toxicity, and excellent biocompatibility, making them promising candidates for cancer treatment. The attractiveness of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for cancer therapy is due to their unique properties. Graphic representations are provided based on the simulations of non-dimensional velocity, temperature, and skin friction under physical parameter variations, for the applications of drug delivery are investigated and discussed. The control volume finite element method (CVFEM), is used to solve the problem. The new strategy of artificial neural networks (ANN) is also used to solve the transform equations. Nanoparticles increase drug stability and extend shelf life by protecting them from degradation or inactivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aims at forming new prediction models to be employed in the approximating the possible uptake of a range of 10 heavy metals (HMs) (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb and Zn) by Hordeum vulgare tissues including roots, shoots and grains following its growth in soil amended with sewage sludge (SS) using conditions employed in greenhouses. The present study determined an insignificant difference between the actual and predicted quantities of the HMs in the three tissues using t values. The majority of the predicted quantities of the HMs were acceptable with the exception of Cd in the shoots, Cu in grains and Pb in roots. Consequently, it is possible to use these models in assessing the cultivation of barley plants in soil amended with SS in a safe way, while simultaneously monitoring any potential risks to the health of humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to investigate the potential of the emergent macrophytes Phragmites australis to remediate nutrients and restore an eutrophic wetland (Lake Burullus, Egypt). The plant was sampled monthly for one year from 6 sites distributed equally along the northern and southern parts of this lake. Monthly significant variation in all investigated sediment and water nutrients for the northern and southern sites was recorded. The biomass of P. australis in the southern sites was greater than that of the northern sites; in addition, the above-ground biomass was greater than the below-ground biomass. The above-ground biomass increased from February until it reached its maximum during August and then decreased again. Likewise, the highest nutrient concentrations in the different tissues were recorded at the beginning of the growing season during winter and early spring and then gradually decreased with increasing plant biomass. Moreover, the nutrient content (g/m2) increased from the early growing season (February) and reached its peak during April–August and then decreased. Based on our results, P. australis could be used for the extraction of nutrients to reduce the eutrophication in Lake Burullus, if the above-ground biomass is harvested at its maximum value in August, as was the case regarding the maximum content of most nutrients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precise knowledge of the soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks under various land uses is needed to meet the Kyoto Protocol and for the sustainability of natural resources. The purpose of the present study was to (1) gauge the depth and spatial distribution of the soil bulk density (BD), soil organic carbon (OC) stocks, and soil organic matter (OM) among the various land uses in the northern Nile Delta in Egypt; (2) estimate the soil carbon sequestration rate (CSR) under different land uses in the region; and (3) establish baseline data for SOC stocks in future studies on the dynamics of SOC. The study area was divided into ten sampling zones to represent each land use in the northern Nile Delta. Each sampling zone was further divided into four sampling sites to represent virgin lands and fish farms, and twelve sites were used to represent three crop types and four cultivation histories. The crops included clover, (Trifolium alexandrinum L.), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), and rice, (Oryza sativa L.) and the years spanned were 5, 15, 30 and 50. The effects of the crop type on the SBD, SOC content, and SOC stocks were significant. In general, the SOC stocks increase as the number of years of cultivation increased. Thematic maps were produced using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) mapping. The Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) technique in ArcGIS10.4 software revealed that the spatial pattern of the SBD, OC content, and stocks conformed to the soil analysis results. The SOC stocks of the croplands and fish farms were 1.6 and 1.5 times higher, respectively, compared to those of virgin land. Rice cropland had the lowest SBD (1.34 g cm−3) and the highest OC stocks (7.46 g C kg−1). The conversion of virgin land into croplands or fish farms actively contributed to the carbon storage rate (CSR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]