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Rural communities in the US have increasing HIV burden tied to injection drug use, yet engagement in pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) care has been low among people who inject drugs (PWID). Syringe service programs (SSPs) are widely implemented in Kentucky's Appalachian region, presenting an important opportunity to scale PrEP services. This paper examines PrEP awareness, interest and preferences among PWID attending community-based SSPs in Appalachia. Eighty participants were enrolled from two SSP locations. Eligibility included: ≥ 18 years old, current injection drug use and SSP use, and an indication for PrEP as defined by CDC guidelines. Participants completed a structured baseline interview. Predictors of PrEP awareness, interest and formulation preferences were examined. 38.8% reported baseline awareness of PrEP, 50% expressed high interest in PrEP, and 48.1%reported a preference for injectable PrEP. Significant bivariate predictors of PrEP interest included: current worry about health, higher perceived HIV risk, higher community HIV stigma, and higher enacted substance use stigma in the past year; in the adjusted model, enacted substance use stigma remained significant. Findings demonstrate substantial interest in PrEP among rural PWID. Intrapersonal and social determinant factors were associated with PrEP interest, which suggests the importance of multi-level intervention targets to increase PrEP uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate potential airborne asbestos exposures during brake maintenance and repair activities on a P&H overhead crane, and during subsequent handling of the mechanic's clothing. Personal (n = 27) and area (n = 61) airborne fiber concentrations were measured during brake tests, removal, hand sanding, compressed air use, removal and reattachment of chrysotile-containing brake linings, and reinstallation of the brake linings. The mechanic's clothing was used to measure potential exposure during clothes handling. All brake linings contained between 19.9% to 52.4% chrysotile asbestos. No amphibole fibers were detected in any bulk or airborne samples. The average full-shift airborne chrysotile concentration was 0.035 f/cc (PCM-equivalent asbestos-specific fibers, or PCME). Average task-based personal air samples collected during brake maintenance, sanding, compressed air use, and brake lining removal tasks ranged from 0 to 0.48 f/cc (PCME). The calculated 30-minute time-weighted average (TWA) airborne chrysotile concentration associated with 5-15 minutes of clothes handling was 0–0.035 f/cc PCME. The results indicated that personal and area TWA fiber concentrations measured during all crane brake maintenance and clothes handling tasks were below the current OSHA 8-h TWA Permissible Exposure Limit for asbestos of 0.1 f/cc. Further, no airborne asbestos fibers were measured during routine brake maintenance tasks following the manufacturer's maintenance manual procedures. All short-term airborne chrysotile concentrations measured during non-routine tasks were below the current 30-minute OSHA excursion limit for asbestos of 1 f/cc. This study adds to the available data regarding chrysotile exposure potential during maintenance on overhead cranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United States Supreme Court ruling that the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act (PASPA) was unconstitutional in May 2018 has changed the professional sport landscape. Currently, states are working to create and pass sports betting laws and capitalize on the financial opportunities, while professional leagues are looking to do the same. One way the leagues can further benefit financially from sports betting is selling athletes' biometric data (ABD) to data providers, such as Sportradar and Genius Sports. However, the dearth of legal precedent on protections of ABD and the lack of delineation of ownership of ABD within collective bargaining agreements poses obstacles for leagues to overcome before offering ABD in sports betting platforms. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to discuss (1) the current state of sports betting in the United States, (2) the legal precedent around ABD, (3) the challenges that stem from legal precedent or laws, and (4) a solution for how leagues can sell ABD to data providers while being compliant with applicable laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the US Survey of Consumer Finances, we explore the empirical relationship between borrowing constraints and financial portfolio allocation by American households. To help motivate our empirical analysis we initially draw insights from a mean-variance model of optimal portfolio allocation with three tradable asset classes defined by increasing risk, and establish a link between borrowing restrictions and portfolio allocation in the presence of background risk. Our main contribution, however, lies in estimating the role that borrowing constraints play in shaping households' financial portfolio allocation. This is achieved using an ordered fractional probit model. In addition to revealing the significant empirical role played by household borrowing constraints in determining portfolio allocation, our analysis helps us to resolve ambiguity surrounding the behaviour of the medium-risk asset in our motivational theoretical framework. Further, the empirical distribution of medium-risk assets is found to be remarkably similar to that for high-risk assets, suggesting the presence of a more general 'risk puzzle', which our borrowing constraints measures partially explain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The changing cannabis legal climate in the United States has been associated with increased prevalence of use, more favorable general attitudes, and cultural norms toward its use among young adults. The purpose of this study was to conceptualize salient beliefs governing illicit cannabis use within a state where medical use is legal and adult use remains illegal. Methods: Following an initial qualitative pilot, a prospective study (baseline and a 30-day follow-up) that utilized an electronic survey design was conducted. Students at a large US university (N = 514) completed a baseline assessment of cannabis use and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) constructs, and 169 completed the follow-up assessing actual behavior. Results: Roughly 60% reported illicit cannabis use. Attitude and subjective norms accounted for 57% of the variation in intention for cannabis use in the next 30 days, while intention and perceived behavioral control (PBC) explained 51% of the variation in prospective use. The majority of salient beliefs identified exhibited moderate to strong correlations with intention and behavior among the larger sample. Close friends and partners were identified as important referents, outcome expectations of relaxation, improved social functioning, and more enjoyment, as well as environmental factors, such as proximity to use, safe utilization location, and continued illegality of adult use exhibited strong associations to intention and behavior. Conclusions: The practical utility of the salient belief measures identified herein presents a useful foundation for interventions aimed at reducing illicit cannabis utilization among young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of this scoping review were to determine: how practitioners assessed the risk from CSEM users; the tools commonly used; the populations these tools were designed for and the evidence-base for them. Digital databases and websites were examined to identify sources published in English from January 2000 onwards. In total 36 studies were identified conducted in the UK, Canada, the Netherlands, the USA, Australia, New Zealand, and Spain. Few studies examined or evaluated risk assessment practice. Most tools have not been validated with CSEM users, nor females, ethnic minority populations, or individuals with Autism, mental health conditions or disabilities. Although some tools could be used cautiously, with men convicted of both CSEM and contact sexual offences, they should be used only to rank individuals, as normed probabilities are not applicable. These findings pose challenges for professionals; work is urgently needed to develop and appropriately validate tools for this population. Practice impact statement: This scoping review provides practitioners internationally, in particular those responsible for the risk assessment or case prioritisation of CSEM users, with an overview of the international, English language, evidence-base for risk assessment tools and processes for CSEM users. It should assist practitioners in the identification of the tools and processes that are most appropriate for their work and provide information that will be useful in reports, e.g. to justify the use of the tool(s) and note the limitations. Since the review highlights the urgent need for the development of and validation of tools, particularly those with dynamic variables, it is also important for practitioners, managers, and researchers responsible for developing tools and processes in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conservation easements are a legal tool to preserve and manage private lands. Understanding the factors that influence private landowners to place their land under a conservation easement provides important information for policy-makers and land conservation professionals. Our study sought to identify the perceptions of first-generation conservation easement Missouri landowners. We conducted 16 semi-structured interviews in summer and fall of 2020. Our inductive thematic analysis revealed four major themes including landowner motivations and benefits, disincentives, process challenges, and participant suggestions. We found that landowners place their property under conservation easement because of the enjoyment and recreation opportunities that it provides, and they feel the land use restrictions associated with conservation easements are both a motivation and a disincentive. Our results can be used to inform conservation easement processes and policies, as well as improve efforts by land trusts to make the tool more accessible to landowners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical radiculopathy occurs when a nerve root is compressed in the spine, if symptoms fail to resolve after 6 weeks surgery may be indicated. Anterior Cervical Discectomy (ACD) is the commonest procedure, Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy (PCF) is an alternative that avoids the risk of damage to anterior neck structures. This prospective, Phase III, UK multicentre, open, individually randomised controlled trial was performed to determine whether PCF is superior to ACD in terms of improving clinical outcome as measured by the Neck Disability Index (NDI) 52 weeks post–surgery. Following consent to participate and collection of baseline data, subjects with cervical brachialgia were randomised to ACD or PCF in a 1:1 ratio on the day of surgery. Clinical outcomes were assessed on day 1 and patient reported outcomes on day 1 and weeks 6, 12, 26, 39 and 52 post-operation. A total of 252 participants were planned to be randomised. Statistical analysis was limited to descriptive statistics. Health economic outcomes were also described. The trial was closed early (n = 23). Compared to baseline, the median (interquartile range (IQR)) NDI score at 52 weeks reduced from 44.0 (36.0, 62.0) to 25.3 (20.0, 42.0) in the PCF group and increased from 35.6 (34.0, 44.0) to 45.0 (20.0, 57.0) in the ACD group. ACD may be associated with more swallowing, voice and other complications and was more expensive; neck and arm pain scores were similar. The trial was closed early, therefore no definitive conclusions on clinical or cost-effectiveness could be made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community-based learning (CBL) is an innovative pedagogical approach that allows students to learn through direct engagement with community partners and participate in social change initiatives. Scholars have documented many transformative benefits of CBL: for students, it promotes critical thinking, self-reflection, and community action, while at the institutional level, it advances epistemic justice. Despite these advantages, many instructors balk at the idea of implementing CBL, especially given the current era of austerity in higher education. Within this context, I propose community-engaged field trips as a tool for instructors to achieve the core benefits of CBL by means of a concrete course activity. In the model I propose, students take part in a preexisting event or opportunity made available by a community-based organization. They then write an analytical reflection paper prompting them to think deeply about systemic inequities, examine their preexisting biases, and develop action ideas. To demonstrate how to implement this model of community-engaged field trips, I provide an exemplar from a course on the sociology of race and ethnicity. I describe the field trip logistics, learning objectives, reflection prompts, and assessment criteria and then conclude with suggestions for ways this model can be applied across a variety of course contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article evaluates a collaboration between social work academics and educational psychologists using Video Enhanced Reflective Practice (VERP) to support the development of social work students’ communication and interpersonal skills. VERP is a strengths-based model of reflective practice and professional development that involves a specific method of video reflection to enhance individuals’ capacity for ‘attuned interactions’. An adapted model of VERP was implemented with first year UK-based undergraduate social work students during a ‘Readiness for Direct Practice’ module. The project was evaluated with a focus on eliciting the views of the students on how using the approach had affected their development of communication skills. The findings, based on a qualitative analysis of students’ self-reflection forms and a focus group, indicate the potential of this model for developing students’ awareness of the micro-skills involved in sensitive, attuned interactions, and building their confidence and sense of agency in using these skills. Potential benefits and limitations of using VERP in social work education and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the involvement of Beatrice, dowager Baroness Roos (d. 1415) in the making of art. Her patronage of masons and tomb-makers, glaziers and seal-makers, is explored in detail, showing her to have commissioned works from two of the most prominent English artists of the late medieval period. Her interest in the inventive use of heraldry and her role in the creation of a major monument in St Paul's Cathedral is established. Her right to be acknowledged as the donor of the St William window in York Minster is reasserted, and her influence on its content and meaning is demonstrated. The gift of this window made Beatrice the single most important secular benefactor of York Minster, a fact that has not been acknowledged before in print, but was recorded by the medieval cathedral chapter in the glazing of the Minster's western choir clerestory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proteasome inhibitors are the backbone of AL amyloidosis treatment – bortezomib being most widely used. Carfilzomib is a proteasome inhibitor licenced to treat multiple myeloma; autonomic and peripheral neuropathy are uncommon toxicities with carfilzomib. There is limited data on the use of carfilzomib in AL amyloidosis. Here, we report the results of a phase Ib dose-escalation study of Carfilzomib-Thalidomide-Dexamethasone (KTD) in relapsed/refractory AL amyloidosis. The trial registered 11 patients from 6 UK centres from September 2017 to January 2019; 10 patients received at least one dose of trial treatment. 80 adverse events were reported from 10 patients in the 1st three cycles. One patient experienced dose-limiting toxicity (acute kidney injury) at a dose of 45 mg/m2, and another patient had a SAR (fever). Five patients experienced an AE ≥ grade 3. There were no haematologic, infectious, or cardiac AE ≥ grade 3. The overall haematological response rate (ORR) at the end of three cycles of treatment was 60%. Carfilzomib 45 mg/m2 weekly can be safely given with thalidomide and dexamethasone. The efficacy and tolerability profile appears comparable to other agents in relapsed AL amyloidosis. These data provide a framework for further studies of carfilzomib combinations in AL amyloidosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presented are the results of an investigation into a model predictive controller (MPC) for hydronic floor heating and cooling in a highly glazed house in Ottawa, Canada. The goal of this investigation was to determine if a MPC would simultaneously result in reduced energy consumption and reduced indoor air temperature (Tia) violations in comparison to the incumbent reactive controller (RC). Shown both experimentally and via simulation, predictive control results in more hours with Tia between the acceptable limits (19.5–25 °C) for significantly less heating and cooling system operation hours. Experimentally, a "pseudo-predictive controller" (PPC) required 35% less cooling hours and 50% less heating hours than the RC baseline. The PPC also reduced overheating time by 88%. A simple MPC was then designed and compared to a RC using a MATLAB simulation. Even with a simple and non-optimized MPC, the simulation confirmed the superiority of said MPC over RC operation for the hydronic floor system. The simulated MPC required 28% less cooling hours and 27% less heating hours than the simulated RC. These results have confirmed the suspected promise of predictive control and next steps include actual implementation of the presented MPC in the highly glazed house long-term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the findings of a UK-based evaluation of service user-led role-play interviews for social work students. Skill development relating to 'procedural competencies' (relationship forming, communication skills) and 'meta-competencies' (linking theory to practice, reflection) is explored using a mixed-method repeated-measures design. Assessment feedback from student self-ratings (N = 32), as well as service user (N = 7) and practice educator (N = 4) ratings were compared at two time points. An overall improvement of the students' professional skills was identified, with a notable divergence regarding what had improved: students focused on procedural skills, practice educators on cognitive skills, whereas service users focused on relational/embodied aspects. Moreover, what counted as 'improvement' varied between the groups: when considering 'problem-solving' students and practice educators were emphasizing the importance of not rushing to resolutions, whereas service users were praising students who were proactive and solution-focused. The findings assert the value of service user-led educational activities not only as contributing to the improvement of social work students' skill development but also as providing a perspective that may challenge the dominance of professional narratives in social work education. The findings have specific implications for curriculum development and evaluation of service user-led activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop a two-part high-dimensional Bayesian modelling approach to analyse the relationship between saving behaviour and health. In contrast to the existing literature, our approach allows different data-generating processes for the decision to save and the amount saved, and therefore unveils a more detailed picture of the relationship between financial behaviour and health than previous work. We explore different measures of saving, including monthly saving behaviour and the stock of financial assets held. Further, we exploit British panel data, which includes an extensive range of biomarkers. Our second contribution lies in comparing the effects of these objective measures of health with commonly used self-assessed health measures. We find that health is a significant determinant of saving behaviour and financial asset holding, and that biomarker measures have differential impacts on saving behaviour compared to self-reported health measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Older adults are at an elevated risk for passive suicide ideation. The interpersonal theory of suicide and the 3-step theory may provide a framework to better understand factors that contribute to passive suicide ideation among older adults. Specifically, this study aimed to test components of prominent suicide theories and examine the role of meaning in life in the associations between hopelessness, thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness and passive suicide ideation among older adults. Participants were 243 adults aged 60 and older recruited from primary care settings in the southwest United States. We hypothesized that high meaning in life would weaken the associations between hopelessness, thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness and passive suicide ideation. Results from moderation analyses indicate that meaning in life was a significant moderator of the associations between hopelessness and passive suicide ideation, thwarted belongingness and passive suicide ideation, and perceived burdensomeness and passive suicide ideation. These findings suggest that when meaning in life is low there are significant negative associations between hopelessness, thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness and passive suicide ideation among older adults. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two studies investigated children's and their parents' reasoning about their mental and bodily states during the time prior to biological conception–"preexistence." Prior research has suggested that, in the absence of a religious script, children display untutored intuitions that they existed as largely disembodied emotional beings during preexistence. This research explored whether children who are being taught a formal theological doctrine about preexistence initially display similar default intuitive tendencies and whether these facilitate acquisition of the specific formal religious doctrine that they are learning. Adult (N = 38) and 7-to 12-year-old (N = 59) members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints judged whether their mental and bodily capacities functioned during preexistence. Results showed that by 11-to 12-years of age, children's responses increasingly aligned with their parents' doctrinally-accurate beliefs that they had a full range of mental states (i.e., epistemic, emotions, desires) and certain bodily capacities (i.e., perceptual, external body parts) during preexistence. However, at all ages, children deviated from their parents' theologically-correct views, with children showing greatest consistency in privileging emotions as the continuous core of personhood. Findings converge with afterlife research to support conclusions that, across cultures, children are "intuitive eternalists" about psychological states. However, their intuitive tendencies also act as constraints on formal religious theory-building by primarily expediting the acquisition of those aspects of religious doctrine that are intuition-consistent not the doctrine as a whole. The process of becoming theologically correct therefore takes time and effort suggesting parallels to the process of acquiring formal scientific accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hostage and crisis negotiation is one tactical option available to incident commanders when responding to critical incidents. Whilst several models of negotiation exist, there is limited research addressing negotiation from a United Kingdom perspective. This paper presents findings from semi-structured interviews with 15 negotiators from nine police forces in England. Data were analysed using grounded theory and 6 primary, 11 secondary, 19 tertiary, and 23 quaternary categories were identified to depict the procedural, operational and communicational aspects of negotiation. Findings indicate that negotiation takes place sequentially in three stages, with the core aspects being conceptualised using the D.I.A.M.O.N.D. mnemonic: 1) Deployment; 2) Information and intelligence gathering; 3) Assessment of risk and threat; 4) Methods of communication; 5) Open dialogue with subject; 6) Negotiator toolbox and repertoire, and 7) Debriefing procedures. The model represents the first attempt at modelling negotiation from an Anglo-centric perspective and provides insight into the entire critical incident management process, as opposed to focusing solely on the aspect of communication between negotiator and subject that has historically dominated the literature. The model highlights the breadth and complexity of the negotiator role and enables several recommendations to be made in relation to the training and operational support of negotiators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study tested current perceived social support (CPSS) as a moderator of the relation between previous substance use (PSU) and lifetime suicide attempt (SA) history among 200 NGRI inpatients. Results indicated no significant CPSS main effect. PSU was associated with greater odds of multiple prior lifetime SA. Moderation indicated those low in PSU but high in CPSS were least likely to report multiple prior lifetime SA. Conversely, NGRI inpatients with high CPSS and high PSU were most likely to report multiple lifetime SA. Our study suggests CPSS and PSU assessments may inform suicide risk assessments and interventions among NGRI inpatients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Movie recommender systems help users to navigate the magnitude and diversity of movies that people have easy access to nowadays, especially with online streaming services. However, current systems personalize recommendations primarily based on what they think a specific user would like or prefer using information about how similar the users are to other users. Prior work has suggested that this could lead to a 'filter bubble' whereby users only watch movies that they are comfortable with. This paper presents the novel concept of event-inspired movies that draw on users' highly specific everyday life experiences to recommend movies that are meaningful to them. To conduct the study, we developed a systematic process to align movies with viewer variables. Meaningful movies have been said to have therapeutic potential to possibly affect one's sense of overall well-being. We conducted a study with 24 participants to explore how users engage with event-inspired movies, whether event-inspired movies are perceived as more relevant, and their potential to affect users' sense of life satisfaction. In so doing, we also contribute a process and insights on how to operationalize event-inspired movies that can inform the implementation of a movie recommender system situated within the proposed paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In civil and criminal proceedings, there are factors inherent in the role of a treating physician such as advocacy and other duties owed the patient, in contrast to expert opinion provided by an independent assessor which is required to be objective. Misunderstanding or unawareness of the differences in treating versus expert physicians can lead to decision-makers relying on potentially biased information. Recent decisions in Canada have allowed for opinion evidence by treatment providers (Westerhoff v. Gee Estate), which seem to ignore the potential bias of the treatment provider. The lack of clarity by which decision-makers perceive the role of physician witnesses poses a significant issue for physicians, who must balance competing interests, equivocal processes and concerns regarding bias and conflict of interest when providing medical information to a decision-maker. This paper attempts to clarify the essential differences between information provided by a treating physician as opposed to an expert opinion provided by an independent consultant in Canada. Discussion around privacy legislation will be used to highlight some differences. It is hoped that a clearer understanding of the information the decision-makers are receiving will promote an improved understanding of that information and, subsequently, an improved decision-making process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide risk is elevated among psychiatric inpatients; however, research has not examined moderators of the associations between perceived social support and thwarted belongingness (TB) and perceived burdensomeness (PB), such as involvement with criminal associates. Adult psychiatric inpatients (N = 142) completed assessments. Perceived social support was negatively associated with TB and PB; however, associates' criminal involvement did not moderate these associations. A significant interaction indicated a stronger negative association between perceived social support and TB when participants spent more time with associates. Therefore, time spent with associates, regardless of criminal involvement, may be a relevant interpersonal suicide risk factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hostage and crisis negotiators serve a vital function within modern-day policing and can play a role in whether individuals live or die. As such, it is important for us to understand which police officers are more suited to this complex and challenging role, to ensure that the most effective negotiators are selected and trained. The current paper outlines the findings from interviews conducted with 15 negotiators from nine English police forces. Using a grounded theoretical approach, a conceptual model of the successful negotiator profile was developed comprising three primary and 19 secondary categories. The three primary categories consisted of: 'Negotiator entry requirements', 'Negotiator attributes', and 'Negotiator skills' which taken together, can be used to depict a profile of the successful hostage and crisis negotiator. The profile is discussed with reference to the potential implications for current hostage and crisis negotiator/police officer selection and training practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Integrated Offender Management (IOM) framework was introduced in England and Wales in 2009. The aims of the research outlined in this paper were to examine the impact of the introduction of an IOM approach in one large police force region and the perceptions of it by offenders and staff. There were two parts to the study. The first involved the use of a within-participant approach to establish whether IOM supervision reduced the level of arrests and risk of reoffending in a sample of offenders. The second involved interviewing offenders and staff involved in IOM regarding their perceptions of it with a focus on effectiveness. The findings showed that the level of arrests (medium effect) and the risk of reoffending (large effect) reduced in the 18 months following the introduction of IOM in comparison to the 18 months prior to the introduction of IOM. Six superordinate themes were identified from staff and offender interviews that highlighted the core elements of IOM, the effectiveness of IOM in reducing offending, how reoffending is reduced, communication, the offender manager role, and the challenges of IOM. The findings offer tentative support for the effectiveness of IOM provision in this geographic region in reducing offending and in identifying factors that staff and offenders believe contribute to the effectiveness of this approach and can improve future IOM provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The interpersonal theory of suicide posits the simultaneous presence of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness (i.e., thwarted interpersonal needs) leads to active suicide ideation. According to the psychological flexibility model, psychological inflexibility is in part a product of cognitive fusion (i.e., becoming entangled or wrapped up in one's thoughts) and experiential avoidance (i.e., avoidance of internal private experiences, which include thoughts and feelings). We hypothesized that thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, in parallel, would mediate the positive relation between experiential avoidance and suicide ideation and between cognitive fusion and suicide ideation. Method: Participants were 118 adult psychiatric inpatients who completed self-report assessments of thwarted interpersonal needs, cognitive fusion, experiential avoidance, and suicide ideation. Results: Using bootstrapped parallel mediation regression procedures, results indicated thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness mediated, in parallel, the positive relation between experiential avoidance and suicide ideation and between cognitive fusion and suicide ideation. Additionally, thwarted belongingness, but not perceived burdensomeness, independently mediated the relation between cognitive fusion and suicide ideation. Conclusion: The current findings indicate that psychological inflexibility variables are associated with increased thwarted interpersonal needs and suicide ideation. The findings of this study provide support for the integration of the interpersonal theory of suicide and psychological flexibility model to improve our conceptualization of suicide risk among psychiatric inpatients. Clinical or methodological significance summary: The findings of this study provide support for the integration of the interpersonal theory of suicide and psychological flexibility model to improve our conceptualization of suicide risk among psychiatric inpatients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author describes her approach to teaching depression in Sylvia Plath's "The Bell Jar" to college students from a feminist science studies perspective. She explains the benefits of exploring the narrative of recovery by pairing the novel with "American Melancholy: Constructions of Depression in the Twentieth Century," by Laura Hirshbein. She also discusses the significance of the prevalence of the metaphor of food in "The Bell Jar."

Objective: To investigate factors relevant to violence and self-harm in forensic psychiatric inpatients the cross-sectional association between four potential contributory factors; head injury, schizophrenia, drug and alcohol misuse, and self-harm or violence-related outcomes was examined. Methodology: Data were extracted from an existing dataset of routinely collected data on all patients under the care of Scotland's Forensic Mental Health Managed Care Network, of whom (n = 432) met inclusion criteria. A Factorial MANOVA and Pearson's chi-square tests were conducted to assess the relationship between potential contributory factors and self-harm and violence. Results: Forty-seven individuals had a documented head injury (10.9%). The presence of head injury was significantly associated with inpatient violence and assessed violence risk. Number of historic violent offences was significantly associated with a history of drug misuse and co-morbid alcohol misuse and schizophrenia. Self-harm was significantly associated with drug misuse and a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Conclusion: These findings highlight a significant association between head injury and actual/assessed risk in forensic psychiatry, over and above that of substance misuse and a diagnosis of schizophrenia, emphasising the need for routine assessment of head injury in clinical practice. Further examination of the impact of head injury in forensic psychiatric populations is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prescribing for pregnant or lactating patients and male patients wishing to father children can be a difficult area for dermatologists. There is a lack of review articles of commonly used systemic medications in dermatology with respect to their effects on developing embryogenesis and their potential transfer across the placenta, in breast milk and in seminal fluid. This paper aims to provide an up to date summary of evidence to better equip dermatologists to inform patients about the effects of systemic medications commonly used in dermatology to treat conditions such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and acne, on current and future embryogenesis and fertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tools to assess the risk of becoming a victim of child sexual exploitation (CSE) have been developed by UK CSE practitioners based on their professional experiences, with little evidence underpinning their development, and no evaluation/validation. Little is known about how they are used in practice. This paper summarizes two studies. The first study consisted of a rapid review to identify factors associated with increased or decreased risk of vulnerability to becoming a victim of CSE and the assessment of 10 tools being used in the UK. The second study undertook interviews and online survey with professionals across multi-agencies to establish the use of tools. Results illustrate the context and processes in which the tools are being used and identify concerns regarding their ability to identify and protect children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acquired capability for suicide is posited to develop through repeated exposure to physically painful and psychologically provocative events; however, there is limited research evaluating the assessment of painful and provocative events. The current study examined the factor structure, validity, and reliability of the Painful and Provocative Events Scale (PPES). Categorical exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted in a sample of undergraduate students (N = 732). A 15-item PPES with a 3-factor solution best fits the data; however, both the subscales derived from factor analyses yielded inconsistent validity and reliability. Despite addressing limitations of previous psychometric investigations of the PPES, the inconsistent findings of the current study suggest the theoretical reconceptualization of painful and provocative events and the subsequent development of a valid and reliable assessment of painful and provocative events is needed to take the place of current versions of the PPES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research support services at The University of Queensland Library (UQ Library) have evolved in response to the global and national drivers, which have impacted on broader University strategy. UQ Library's success in responding to these drivers has involved leveraging the information within, and capacity of, the institutional repository, the core of our research support services. UQ Library is a critical enabler of the University's research mission, actively partnering with researchers throughout the research lifecycle. The evolution of these services has required a shifting staffing framework, combining a traditional liaison library model with functional teams to deliver agile services, which add strategic value to the University. This article explores how functional teams, collaborating with traditional liaison librarian roles, deliver innovative services, how these services are linked by the institutional repository, and how we address key challenges of this service model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated effects of feedback and exposure to alternative strategies on strategy change in children (N = 106, age range = 7;3-10;0) learning about mathematical equivalence. Children’s strategies were evaluated before and after a brief instructional intervention. During the intervention, children either were exposed to a set of 4 alternative strategies (2 correct, 2 incorrect) without information about the validity of the strategies or completed a control task. In addition, some children received feedback about existing strategies, and others did not. Exposure to alternative strategies led to more strategy change and better performance on a problem-solving task. The effect of feedback on strategy change depended on children’s confidence in their existing strategies and on their pretest knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long-lived intra-oceanic arcs of Izu-Bonin-Marianas (IBM)-type are built on thick, granodioritic crust formed in the absence of pre-existing continental crust. International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 350, Site U1437, explored the IBM rear arc to better understand continental crust formation in arcs. Detailed petrochronological (U-Pb geochronology combined with trace elements, oxygen and hafnium isotopes) characterizations of zircon from Site U1437 were carried out, taking care to exclude potential contaminants by (1) comparison of zircon ages with ship-board palaeomagnetic and biostratigraphic ages and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, (2) analysing zircon from drill muds for comparison, (3) selectively carrying out in situ analysis in petrographic thin sections, and (4) minimizing potential laboratory contamination through using pristine equipment during mineral separation. The youngest zircon ages in Site U1437 are consistent with 40Ar/39Ar and shipboard ages to a depth of ~1390 m below sea floor (mbsf) where Igneous Unit Ig 1 yielded an 40Ar/39Ar age of 12.9 ± 0.3 Ma (all errors 2σ). One single zircon (age 15.4 ± 1.0 Ma) was recovered from the deepest lithostratigraphic unit drilled, Unit VII (1459.80-1806.5 mbsf). Site U1437 zircon trace element compositions are distinct from those of oceanic and continental arc environments and differ from those generated in thick oceanic crust (Iceland-type) where low-δ18O evolved melts are produced via re-melting of hydrothermally altered mafic rocks. Ti-in-zircon model temperatures are lower than for mid-ocean ridge rocks, in agreement with low zircon saturation temperatures, suggestive of low-temperature, hydrous melt sources. Zircon oxygen (δ18O = 3.3-6.0‰) and hafnium (εHf = + 10-+16) isotopic compositions indicate asthenospheric mantle sources. Trace element and isotopic differences between zircon from Site U1437 rear-arc rocks and the Hadean detrital zircon population suggest that preserved Hadean zircon crystals were probably generated in an environment different from modern oceanic convergent margins underlain by depleted mantle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decades of research have focused on children's reasoning about math equivalence problems for both practical and theoretical insights. Not only are math equivalence problems foundational in arithmetic and algebra, they also represent a class of problems on which children's thinking is resistant to change. Feedback is one instructional tool that can serve as a key trigger of cognitive change. In this paper, we review all experimental studies (N = 8) on the effects of feedback on children's (ages 6-11) understanding of math equivalence. Meta-analytic results indicate that feedback has positive effects for low-knowledge learners and negative effects for high-knowledge learners, and these effects are stronger for procedural outcomes than conceptual outcomes. Findings highlight the variable influences of feedback on math equivalence understanding and suggest that models of thinking and reasoning need to consider learner characteristics, learning outcomes, and learning materials, as well as the dynamic interactions among them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning in equines occurs through a predictable chain of stimulus–response–consequence processing. Whether the behavior persists will depend on the nature and timing of the consequence, whether it punishes or reinforces the response behavior. Knowledge and application of learning theory in UK-based equestrians was assessed by an online survey which probed three aspects of knowledge and understanding. Fifty-eight UK individuals (91% female) took part in the study and had an average of 12.4 years’ equestrian experience. Almost one-third (31%) described themselves as professional equestrians. A questionnaire was used to assess participants’ ability to identify and describe terminology associated with learning theory; self-report on their own knowledge and training methodology; and to express how they would respond in different training situations. Human-focused educational strategies were tested to assess their effectiveness and suitability for increasing understanding of learning theory. Professional equestrians expressed higher levels of subjective knowledge than amateurs (t(27)= –2.752,p= 0.018), with a moderate positive correlation between subjective knowledge and observer-scored knowledge (r= 0.443,p< 0.001). Professionals scored higher than amateurs on all questions asked, however a deficit of knowledge was observed across the board; in particular, in defining positive punishment (professional 38.8%, amateur 12.5% successful) and negative reinforcement (professional 33%, amateur 12.5% successful). Application of both an educational video and a leaflet increased respondents’ ability to correctly define terminology (Videot(8)= –4.07,p= 0.004: Leaflett(12)= –5.02,p< 0.001). Improving understanding and application of learning theory in amateurs and professionals alike has the potential to improve equine welfare and training outcomes for both leisure and performance horses through reducing wastage attributed to behavioral problems or poor training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the incidence of reading impairments, the reading profiles, and the outcomes of a reading intervention for youth involved in a comprehensive crime prevention program. Rates of reading impairments were between 55% and 61%. Reading profiles for participants with reading comprehension impairments showed deficits in phonological decoding and word reading similar to a comparison group without behavioral risks. A subset of the prevention program participants and an age- and reading level–matched comparison group received a phonology- and word-focused reading intervention. Following the intervention, both groups showed reliable and academically meaningful improvements on word- and text-level reading outcomes. The comparison group tended to have higher scores on reading comprehension; however, both groups made significant gains in this area. The reading profiles and positive outcomes in this study suggest that word-focused reading remediation will be effective for youth at imminent risk for antisocial conduct and involvement with the criminal justice system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acquired capability for suicide is posited to develop through repeated exposure to physically painful and psychologically provocative events; however, there is limited research evaluating the assessment of painful and provocative events. The current study examined the factor structure, validity, and reliability of the Painful and Provocative Events Scale (PPES). Categorical exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted in a sample of undergraduate students (N = 732). A 15-item PPES with a 3-factor solution best fits the data; however, both the subscales derived from factor analyses yielded inconsistent validity and reliability. Despite addressing limitations of previous psychometric investigations of the PPES, the inconsistent findings of the current study suggest the theoretical reconceptualization of painful and provocative events and the subsequent development of a valid and reliable assessment of painful and provocative events is needed to take the place of current versions of the PPES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parks and protected areas are a global ecological, social and health resource visited by over 8 billion people annually. Their use can yield substantial benefits, but only if a balance between ecological integrity and sustainable visitation is struck. This research explores the potential influence of climate-driven environmental change on visitation to North America's most popular glacier, the Athabasca Glacier in Jasper National Park, Canada. Photorealistic environmental visualizations were used to gauge visitors’ perceptions of environmental change and potential impacts on consumer behaviour. Results suggest that impacts could substantially diminish the site's pull as a tourism destination. Rather than improving visitation prospects, expert-proposed adaptations underestimated the importance of perceived naturalness and contributed to further potential decline. Findings are relevant to protected areas planning and management. They suggest that a natural path to climate change adaptation is the best way to support both ecological integrity and the long-term tourism pull of protected areas. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An emerging area of research has focused on understanding how the group dynamics of a sport team influence positive youth development (PYD). The identities that youth form through their membership in sport teams (i.e., social identities) have been found to influence teammate behavior and team performance. Yet, minimal work exists on social identity and PYD in youth sport.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social identity and PYD in sport.Method: Youth engaged in recreational sport (N = 219; Mage = 11.61 years, SD = 1.39 years) completed measures of social identity and PYD in sport. The social identity measure assessed 3 dimensions including ingroup ties (IGT; perceptions of similarity, bonding, belongingness), cognitive centrality (importance of being a team member), and ingroup affect (IGA; feelings associated with group membership). A regression analysis was performed separately for 4 PYD outcomes (personal and social skills, goal setting, initiative, negative experiences) with the 3 dimensions of social identity entered as predictors.Results: Regression analyses revealed that IGT and IGA were positively associated with personal and social skills (R2 Adj. = .29). Further, IGT predicted initiative (R2 Adj. = .16), whereas IGA was positively associated with goal setting (R2 Adj. = .17) and negatively associated with negative experiences (R2 Adj. = .08).Conclusion: The findings extend previous research highlighting the benefits of social identity on teammate behavior and team performance and demonstrate how social identity may contribute to PYD through sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perceptions of probation staff and offenders were explored regarding the effectiveness of an individual workbook intervention for intimate partner violence (IPV), based on the Integrated Domestic Abuse Programme, a group intervention for IPV offenders in the UK. Using thematic analysis, interview transcripts from 11 probation staff and 2 offenders were examined. Two global themes were identified:Promising alternative to IPV interventions, representing positive perceptions of the workbook andCompromises made in using the workbook, reflecting negative perceptions and challenges. The identified strengths were that the workbook provided staff with a framework to deliver individualised intervention (deemed to be more difficult in group treatment formats), employed a strength-based and directive approach to discussions to develop offenders’ skills and behaviours that may assist in improving deficits linked to their use of violence. However, identified problematic factors related to treatment integrity including delivery, content and format, its capacity to create change, and a need for further development. As a concept the workbook intervention should not be discounted since it offers an opportunity to offer individualised treatment and interventions to those unable to attend groups; however, the intervention requires development and further research to examine its effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored sex offenders' parental and adult attachment difficulties and assessed the extent to which these were associated with preferences for therapists' interpersonal qualities. One-hundred and twelve adult male child sexual offenders were invited to provide self-report data on their attachment histories, adult attachments and preferences for therapists' interpersonal qualities. A weak relationship between childhood and adulthood secure attachment was found, suggesting that attachment at the time of offending may be more relevant than childhood attachment to the aetiology of sexual offending. Participants valued a range of therapists' qualities previously identified as important for positive treatment change. Therapist trust and genuineness were perceived as particularly important by those with attachment difficulties, demonstrating the need for these qualities in offender programmes where attachment difficulties would be expected. There were some differences in the preferences for therapists' qualities between participants with different adult attachment types, highlighting the importance of responsivity factors in treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The affordances of digital portfolios provide a space for students to construct themselves in new ways, to the extent that they are creating content in an entirely new genre—a genre where the placement of content; connections among content; and the ability to communicate via image, color, movement, and sound are as important to making meaning as the alphabetic. It should not be assumed that these new choices are boundless, though with a cursory glance, they seem to be. Often, the tools instructors and students choose play a large role in dictating how students will present themselves and their content; what seems like a limitless number of options is not actually so open, because students will move toward the options that are available within a tool. Therefore, careful evaluation of the tool affordances is needed to determine if best practices within the new genre are truly promoted. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Digital disruption and an increasingly networked society drive rapid change in many professions and a corresponding need for change in tertiary education. Across the world, information education has, to date, prepared graduates for employment in discrete professions, such as librarianship, records management, archives and teacher librarianship. However, contemporary information practices are less defined and are demanding of new professional skill-sets and understandings. This paper reports a study that consulted Australia's tertiary academics about the current circumstances of information education in the academy and elicited a vision and a concern for future directions in Australian information education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this piece of research, the traits and characteristics held by police hostage (crisis) negotiators in the UK are explored, with specific reference to personality, coping style and cognitive emotion regulation. One hundred and seventeen hostage negotiators from 21 UK police forces took part in the research and their data were compared with 118 non-negotiator police officers and 203 university students. Participants completed the Big Five Inventory (BFI), the Coping Skills Test-Revised (CST-R) and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and their data were compared using multivariate analysis of variance and discriminant function analysis. Findings confirmed the existence of a ‘police personality/profile’ with significant differences obtained between both police samples and the student sample on all three constructs; however, the findings demonstrated little support for the concept of a unique ‘hostage negotiator personality/profile’. Gender differences were also explored, with significant differences observed across male and female participants for all three dependent variables. No significant interaction effects were observed, however, suggesting that the effect of gender on personality, coping style and cognitive emotion regulation was independent of group membership. The findings are discussed with relevance to hostage negotiator and police officer selection and training practices. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study examined associations between pain, physical activity, physical fitness, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in overweight and obese children. Participants were 270 overweight and obese children 8–12 years of age and their parents. Children were separated into no pain frequency, low pain frequency, and high pain frequency groups. Children in the low pain frequency group spent less time in moderately intense physical activities compared to the no pain frequency group. Children in the high pain frequency group reported significantly lower HRQOL in most domains of functioning compared to children in the no pain and low pain frequency groups. Pain in overweight and obese children may negatively impact physical activity and HRQOL and should be assessed and treated in research and clinical work. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

To produce a teaching statement, current and aspiring teachers undertake the ostensibly straightforward task of putting their teaching philosophy onto paper. But upon close examination, the teaching statement – a seemingly simple object – is much more complex. The teaching statement is full of dual functions, many of which can be conceived of as working at cross-purposes. This paper draws on the teaching statement's history along with a collaborative and feminist mentorship methodology to highlight these dual functions. We discuss how teaching statements can be negotiated and inhabited from our perspective as early career scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine the links between empathy and cognitions, 50 interview transcripts were analysed from a sample of male sex offenders who had abused children, recruited from four prisons in the North Island of New Zealand. Thematic analysis revealed an overarching framework where participants appeared to create “psychologically comfortable positions” that enabled them to offend. The main themes identified were: “complete denial”; “partial denial”; “justifications: beliefs and attitudes to support offending behaviour”; excuses: ignoring the perspectives of others”; and “taking responsibility for own actions”. These findings suggest that rather than viewing empathy as a trait-like process applied equally to all situations/people by each person in line with their empathic abilities, it would be better construed as a construct that is variously applied (i.e. it may be blocked by the presence of psychologically comfortable cognitions). This has implications for the way in which empathy is addressed in sex offender treatment programmes, as most work to improve empathic skills, which appears to conceptualise empathy as a trait-like skill or concept. The findings of this study would suggest that an increase in empathic skills will not necessarily have an impact on future offending, as cognitions in the form of denial, minimisation, excuse-making and justification are likely to prevent the application of empathic responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]