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In this study, we purpose to ensure optical soliton solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation having parabolic and anti-cubic (AC) laws with a weakly non-local nonlinearity by using the new Kudryashov method. As far as we know this model has not been presented and studied before. Furthermore, what differs this study from other studies is, not only obtains a variety of analytical solutions of the examined model but also substantiates the effects of the parabolic and anti-cubic laws with a weakly non-local nonlinearity on soliton behaviour, by choosing the particular soliton forms, which are dark, bright and W-like. Eventually, we depict some of the derived solutions in contour, 2D and 3D diagrams selecting the appropriate values of parameters by means of Matlab to demonstrate the importance of the given model. It is indicated that parabolic and AC parameters taking into consideration the weak non-local contribution have a very remarkable impact on the soliton structure, and the impact alters connected with the parameters and the soliton form. Besides, enabling and retaining the critical balance between the parameters and the soliton form and the interactive relation of the parameters with each other comprises major challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel coronavirus SARS-Cov-2 is a pandemic condition and poses a massive menace to health. The governments of different countries and their various prohibitory steps to restrict the virus’s expanse have changed individuals’ communication processes. Due to physical and financial factors, the population’s density is more likely to interact and spread the virus. We establish a mathematical model to present the spread of the COVID-19 in worldwide. In this article, we propose a novel mathematical model (‘SLIIqIhRP’) to assess the impact of using hospitalization, quarantine measures, and pathogen quantity in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyse the boundedness of the model’s solution by employing the Laplace transform approach to solve the fractional Gronwall’s inequality. To ensure the uniqueness and existence of the solution, we rely on the Picard-Lindelof theorem. The model’s basic reproduction number, a crucial indicator of epidemic potential, is determined based on the greatest eigenvalue of the next-generation matrix. We then employ stability theory of fractional differential equations to qualitatively examine the model. Our findings reveal that both locally and globally, the endemic equilibrium and disease-free solutions demonstrate symptomatic stability. These results shed light on the effectiveness of the proposed interventions in managing and containing the COVID-19 outbreak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NAD+-dependent formate dehydrogenases (FDHs, E.C 1.2.1.2) catalyse the reversible reaction of CO2 to formate ion (HCOO−) and reduces NAD+ molecule to NADH. Previously described FDHs from Chaetomium thermophilum (CtFDH) and Ceriporiopsis subvermispora (CsFDH) are active against formate and HCO3–. In this study, we examined the functional effects of active site mutations in Ct and Cs NAD+-dependent FDHs. The residues Ile94, Asn120, Val310, His312 at CtFDH and Asn312, Val313, Val331 at CsFDH are located in the active site. The effects of amino acid changes on catalytic properties and thermal stability of CtFDH and CsFDH revealed some interesting results compared with structurally equivalent positions that have been studied in the literature. The strongest effect was observed in CsFDH Val313Pro against HCO3–. The KM value of the CsFDH Val313 enzyme for HCO3– substrate dramatically decreased, and enzyme activity increased. In CtFDH mutants, all enzymes except Val310Asn showed an increased kcat value when KM values increase. Analyses of results of mutant CtFDHs and CsFDHs give some promising results for CO2 reduction as compared to the literature. Structural analyses of the substrate-binding site were done by homology modelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated the antifungal activity of four different chitosan against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum (FOC). In addition, molecular docking studies of the chitosan compound against plant pathogens have been evaluated. Concentrations of 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/mL of each chitosan were used. The activity rate increased as the amount of concentration increased. Strong antifungal effects were observed at concentrations of 1 and 2 mg/mL of chitosan used against test fungi. For the first time with this study, the activity of chitosan against F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum and molecular docking studies against both test pathogens were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the time fractional Gardner equation is presented as a new fractional model for Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative with Mittag-Leffler kernel. The approximate consequences are analysed by applying a recurrent process. The existence and uniqueness of solution for this system is discussed. To explain the effects of several parameters and variables on the movement, the approximate results are shown in graphics and tables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aniseed spirits are produced by the distillation of pressed fermented grapes, dregs and other fermented raw materials, flavored with aniseed (Pimpinella anisum L), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and/or some other plants. All round the Mediterranean basin, there are other similar aniseed spirit drinks such as pastis (France), anesone (Spain), sambuca (Italy), zebib (Egypt), and arak (Syria). However, there are some differences between the production processes of these spirits and their traditional use in Mediterranean culinary cultures. Raki and ouzo appear to be more similar than the others, just like brothers from the two shores of the Aegean Sea. Turkish raki is a type of traditional aniseed spirit produced by double distillation with aniseed (Pimpinella anisum) of only suma or suma and agricultural based ethanol mixture in different areas of Turkey. Ouzo can be defined as a distillation product of a mixture consisting of ethanol, anise, and other flavorful seeds, with sugar. The amounts and the repartition of the alcoholic fermentation products (fusel alcohols, esters, and aldehydes) are mainly responsible for the flavors and quality of the aniseed spirit. In this review article, Turkish raki, Greek ouzo and some different aniseed spirits were compared in their traditional, cultural roles and in their chemical and analytical structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mycotoxins are produced by fungi, commonly known as mold. Ochratoxins are a dangereous group of mycotoxins produced as secondary metabolites by several fungi of the Aspergillus or Penicillium families. Ochratoxin have been detected in foods and beverages, including grape juice and wine. Several analytical methods have been developed for detection of Ochratoxin A [OTA] in wine. In this article, the chemical structure, biosynthesis, formation, microorganisms, determination methods, regulations and the removal of OTA have been reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biogenic amines are low molecular weight organic compounds that occur in fermented foods and are produced mainly through the microbial decarboxylation of amino acids. Decarboxylation of several amino acids can form some biogenic amines in wines such as histamine, tyramine, putrescine, and phenylethylamine. Biogenic amines can cause direct or indirect toxicity when their concentrations are high in food. The enological importance of the biogenic amines in wines is due to their possible toxicological risks and the possibility of the relationship between high amine content and unsanitary conditions during wine production. Various analytical techniques have been developed for the determination of biogenic amines in wines. In this article, the presence, the formation, the microorganisms and the methods of determination of biogenic amines in wine and other fermented foods are reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]