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The politics of international finance for coal power plants have intensified since the 2015 Paris climate agreement was negotiated. Over the past few years, Japan and South Korea have signaled their intent not to fund new coal projects overseas, leaving China and its Belt and Road Initiative as the 'financier of last resort.' In September 2021, China too announced its intent to stop providing finance for overseas coal projects. What accounts for their decision to cease financing overseas coal projects despite prominent differences in political systems, degree of internationalization of their financial systems, and economic size? Drawing on datasets of coal projects and financing supplemented by case material and interviews, this paper explores the dynamics of coal export finance and how the combination of international reputational pressures and declining demand for coal finance diminished the domestic support for incumbent coal exporters in all three countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author reflects on the strategic approach of U.S. President Barack Obama to fight the pandemic outbreak of HIV/AIDS in some developing countries. Barack's administration invested more than $15 million for the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) extension program to treat people with HIV-positive. He also considered the development of donor community to provide moral responsibility on the ARV treatment.

Analyzes the regime of Cuban President Fidel Castro. Types of post-totalitarian regimes; Factors contributing to the post-totalitarianism of Cuba during the 1980s; Information on the economic and political crisis confronted by the Cuban government during the 1990s.