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Apalachicola was a Hitchitee community that was considered the capital of the Creek Nation during the seventeenth and eighteenth century in the Southeastern United States. The role of this community in the formation of the southeastern political and cultural geography is paramount because of their coalescence with emigrant Muscogee people. In this article, I synthesize 10 years of research at the site and clarify the population history of this community. The research demonstrates the formation of the Creek culture area in the material record. Pottery surface decoration becomes measurably homogenous and I interpret this pattern as a result of that cultural development. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We conducted an analysis of economic transaction records from the Fort Wilkinson Factory Store in central Georgia in an attempt to understand trade behaviors by the Muscogee Creek people of the southeastern United States. Between February 4, 1804, and November 29, 1806, factory personnel recorded 2,168 trade transactions at Fort Wilkinson. During this period, 38,226.5 deerskins and skins, 482 hides and rawhides, and 569 furs entered the fort. In exchange for these items, the Creek Indians primarily received cloth, followed by manufactured items such as kettles, gun supplies, and consumable groceries. We analyze the month-by-month exchange trends and compare the trade-good assemblages to archaeological sites that represent Creek occupations that date to the same time period in Georgia and Alabama. Further, we assess the biases of the data and interpret the data in relation to existing historical and archaeological studies of the Muscogee Creek people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homelands are places where people have bonded with their landscape in an uncommon manner. The majority of homeland case studies have revolved around five components — people, place, bonding with place, control of place, and time. Some geographers have used these elements uncritically, confusing the nature of the homeland concept. This paper attempts to provide a revised, less ambiguous conceptual framework for American homelands that is supported by an historical case study of the Creek (Muscogee) Nation in Indian Territory. This paper emphasizes the importance of community, territory, the cultural landscape, social and spatial segregation, and territoriality in homeland formation and maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]