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P9 showed a different molecular profile, I FLT3-TKD+/NPM1 i + at diagnosis and I FLT3/TKD i and I NPM1 i wild type at relapse; however, at relapse the patient presented as myeloid sarcoma of the skin. At diagnosis, this patient received intensive chemotherapy followed by PBSCT; at relapse, he was treated with high dose cytarabine plus intrathecal therapy followed by an allogeneic transplant. The occurrence of an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) relapse is generally observed within 2-3 years after complete remission (CR) and affects the overall survival rate of these patients [[1]]. Aim of our study was to evaluate, in a large series of AML patients diagnosed at our Center, the incidence of very late AML relapses, in addition, the therapeutic strategies and the outcome of these patients. [Extracted from the article]

Despite advances in understanding the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the standard therapy remained nearly unchanged for several decades. There have been many efforts to improve the response and survival by either increasing the cytarabine (ARA-C) dose or adding a third agent to the standard chemotherapy regimen. Several studies have evaluated the addition of cladribine (CdA) to standard induction, exploiting its property to potentiate ARA-C uptake. Response rates for combination regimens including CdA in relapsed/refractory (R/R) adults are approximately 50% and approximately 70% in de novo AML. Recently, a low intensity combination of CdA and ARA‐C alternating with decitabine has shown promising results in older patients with AML. In this review, we will discuss the role of CdA in the treatment of AML, summarizing the recent clinical data regarding its incorporation into the induction therapy for adult AML. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which examined the role of pre-transplant minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity in a consecutive cohort of high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients treated between 1996 and 2015. Topics discussed include details and high-risk features of the patients, eligibility of the patients for an autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT), and importance of detecting and quantifying MRD in predicting the outcome of ALL.

A letter to the editor is presented which discusses a case study of a 30-year-old Caucasian female who had an isolated ovarian relapse after undergoing an allogeneic stem cell transplant for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.