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This study was aimed to investigate the effect of low-temperature vacuum heating (LTVH; versus the traditional thermal method– TC - 100°C boiling water) on water content/distributions, microstructure, and tenderness of sturgeon fillets. Although all fillets were well done, those fillets heated at lower temperature/time showed higher moisture content (P<.05). Furthermore, microstructure by paraffin section and shear force results also indicated LTVH70-30 (LTVH method; 70°C, 30 min) shown the most similar to TC fillets, the less firm and less juicy. Oppositely, LTVH60-15/30 (LTVH method, 60°C, 15/30 min) showed the best tenderness/juiciness among all fillets. Therefore, the LTVH method is agood alternative to the TC for fish processing in the catering industry, with tenderness/juiciness gains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using newly designed epoxy group activated carbon shell magnetic beads as a goat against mouse antibody (G-Mab) carrier, a competitive immunoassay was conducted on the surface of G-Mab-coated magnetic beads (G-Mab-MBs). Mouse monoclonal antibody against Okadaic acid (MAb), Okadaic acid-horseradish peroxidase conjugate (OA-HRP) and OA were simultaneously added into a reaction system. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed in a 96-well microplate incorporated with magnetic bars. Detection of the OA level by using the current approach provided an excellent linear relationship in the range of 0.35–25.0 µg L−1 with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration IC50 of 3.27 µg L−1 and LOD values of 0.35 µg L−1. The shellfish matrix and other algal toxins presented in the sample extraction did not produce obvious interference. As a comparison, tests were conducted via commercial ELISA and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and the corresponding analytical results demonstrated the reliability of the current protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbosulfan (CAS) is used as an insecticide on vegetables, but its toxicity might increase due to the formation of higher toxic metabolites including carbofuran (CAN), 3-hydroxycarbofuran (3-OH) and 3-ketocarbofuran (3-KETO). In this study, the transformation of CAS to its metabolites in pakchoi (Brassica campestrisssp.) and cucumber (CucumissativusL.) was investigated in the field in Beijing and Changsha and in a greenhouse in Hangzhou. CAS was metabolised to CAN, 3-OH and 3-KETO in pakchoi but only to CAN and 3-OH in cucumber. In pakchoi, the degradation of CAS (as measured by the DT50value, the time marking the disappearance of 50% of the pesticide) was the fastest in Hangzhou (0.7 d), followed by Changsha (1.4 d) and Beijing (2.3 d), whereas in cucumber, its degradation was the fastest in Changsha (1.6 d) and Hangzhou (1.6 d), followed by Beijing (2.5 d). These results suggested the monitoring of metabolites should be a prior objective for CAS, and different metabolites should be considered when assessing the risk of CAS in different vegetables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]