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Objective: To identify predictors of in-hospital mortality following Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury (HIBI) using the Anderson Behavioral Model. Design and Setting: Population based retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada with data collected between 1 April 2002 and 31 March 2017. Patients: Adult patients aged 20 years and older with HIBI-related acute care admission were identified in the health administrative data. Multivariable cox proportional hazard regression models were used to identify predisposing, need and enabling factors that predict in-hospital mortality. Results: Of the 7492 patients admitted to acute care with HIBI, the in-hospital mortality rate was 71%. The predisposing factors associated with mortality were female sex (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.10–1.23) and older age (65–79 vs. 20–34: HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.02–1.35). The need factors associated with mortality were the presence of COPD (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.02–1.17), psychiatric illness (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.05–1.20) injury due to cardiac illness (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.12–1.26) and longer emergency department length of stay. Having spending any time in an alternate level of care and the application of tracheotomy procedures were found to reduce mortality.Conclusions: The acute/critical care centers need to consider these findings to adopt prevention strategies targeting reduced in-hospital mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cannabis use has been linked to anxiety and mood disorders (AMD) in clinical cases, but little research on this relationship has been reported at the epidemiological level. Objectives: We examined the relationship between self-reported frequency of cannabis use and risk for AMD in the general Ontario adult population. Methods: Data were based on the CAMH Monitor survey of Ontario adults from 2001 to 2006 ( n = 14,531). AMD was assessed with the 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ12). Frequency of cannabis use within the past year was grouped into five categories: No use (abstainer), less than once a month but at least once a year, less than once a week but at least once a month, less than daily but at least once a week, almost every day to more than once a day. Logistic regression analysis of AMD and cannabis use was implemented while controlling for demographics and alcohol problems. Results: AMD was most common among heavy cannabis users (used almost every day or more) (18.1%) and lowest for abstainers (8.7%). Compared to abstainers, the risk of AMD was significantly greater for infrequent cannabis users ( OR = 1.43) and heavy cannabis users ( OR = 2.04) but not for those in between. Conclusion: These data provide epidemiological evidence for a link between both light and heavy cannabis use and AMD. Scientific Significance: Recognizing the comorbidity of heavy cannabis use and AMD should facilitate improved treatment efforts. Our results also suggest the possibility that, for some individuals, AMD may occur at relatively low levels of cannabis use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]