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Embracing the Bayesian approach, we aimed to synthesise evidence regarding barriers and enablers to physical activity in adults with heart failure (HF) to inform behaviour change intervention. This approach helps estimate and quantify the uncertainty in the evidence and facilitates the synthesis of qualitative and quantitative studies. Qualitative evidence was annotated using the Theoretical Domains Framework and represented as a prior distribution using an expert elicitation task. The maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) for the probability distribution for the log OR was used to estimate the relationship between physical activity and each determinant according to qualitative, quantitative, and qualitative and quantitative evidence combined. The probability distribution dispersion (SD) was used to evaluate uncertainty in the evidence. Three qualitative and 16 quantitative studies were included (N = 2739). High pro-b-type natriuretic peptide (MAP = −1.16; 95%CrI: [−1.21; −1.11]) and self-reported symptoms (MAP = − 0.48; 95%CrI: [ −0.40; −0.55]) were suggested as barriers to physical activity with low uncertainty (SD = 0.18 and 0.19, respectively). Modifiable barriers were symptom distress (MAP = −0.46; 95%CrI: [−0.68; −0.24], SD = 0.36), and negative attitude (MAP = −0.40; 95%CrI: [−0.49; −0.31], SD = 0.26). Modifiable enablers were social support (MAP = 0.56; 95%CrI: [0.48; 0.63], SD = 0.26), self-efficacy (MAP = 0.43; 95%CrI: [0.32; 0.54], SD = 0.37), positive physical activity attitude (MAP = 0.92; 95%CrI: [0.77; 1.06], SD = 0.36). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Nonadherence to phosphate binding medication (PBM) compromises the efficacy of treatment for chronic kidney disease, but its causes are poorly understood. This study sought to explore patient attitudes towards PBM and to evaluate the utility of the necessity-concerns framework for understanding adherence to PBM. Design: A sample of 221 dialysis patients currently prescribed PBM were surveyed from eight UK renal units. Main Outcome Measures: Demographic data and clinical information, alongside the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire and the medication adherence report scale were reported. Results: Low adherence to PBM was predicted by reduced beliefs in personal need for PBM (OR?=?.34; 95% CI: .14–.83;p?