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This study examines how newsworkers make sense of the impact of social media on journalism. We draw on the concept of metajournalistic discourse as a lens through which to analyze the web of positive and negative meanings evoked by journalists when assessing the industry impact of social media. We analyze data from a national survey of U.S. journalists (N = 1272), combining a computational analysis of responses to open-ended questions with qualitative analysis. Findings illustrate the rich complexity of negative discourse about social media in journalism, comprising an array of articulations linking social media to the delegitimization of news. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using iron nitrate and copper nitrate as raw materials, mesoporous material SBA-15 as template agent and n-hexane as solvent, CuFe2O4 samples of mesoporous loaded composite metal oxide catalysts were successfully prepared by calcination at 600 °C. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric-differential scanning analysis (TG-DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol by CuFe2O4 under different catalytic conditions was investigated using benzyl alcohol as a model compound, and the oxidation products were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the CuFe2O4 catalyst prepared by calcination at 600°Cwas the best. The best selective oxidation conditions were achieved at a reaction system temperature of 90 °C, a catalyst dosage of 4 g/L, a molar ratio 1:1 of H2O2 dosage to benzyl alcohol, and a reaction time of 4 h. The conversion of benzyl alcohol under this condition was 66.95%, and the selective conversion of benzaldehyde was 96.07%. This indicates that CuFe2O4 is a composite metal oxide with high selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol and has wide application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using citric acid (C6H8O7·H2O), samarium nitrate (Sm(NO3)3·6H2O) and cobalt nitrate (Co(NO3)3·6H2O) as main raw materials, the SmCoO3 samples were successfully prepared by sol-gel method. The prepared samples were characterized by thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Using azo dye methyl orange solution as the simulated sewage, the photocatalytic activity of SmCoO3 samples was explored at different synthesis temperatures and illumination times. The experimental results show that pure SmCoO3 samples can be prepared at a calcination temperature of 600 °C to 1000 °C. Under ultraviolet light conditions, the sample of SmCoO3 calcined at 800 °C has the best photocatalytic activity. When illumination times is 120 min, the degradation rate of methyl orange of 10 mg/L can reach more than 97%, and SmCoO3 shows good photocatalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mindfulness-based interventions have been shown to impact a broad range of outcomes including enhanced attention, memory, and self-regulation. Previously, mindfulness training has been negatively correlated with brain activity across the default mode network nodes following mindfulness-based practice. Currently, little research has been done to understand the neural basis of differences in mindfulness levels in untrained individuals. In this study, we explored the relationship between the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and fractional ALFF (fALFF) during the resting state and the level of dispositional mindfulness, which was measured by using the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). The results showed that the total scores on the FFMQ were negatively correlated with the spontaneous activation of left premotor cortex. This indicates that individuals with higher levels of dispositional mindfulness might require less effort to control their irrelevant motor responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a disease caused by a phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class A (PIG-A) mutation in hematopoietic stem cells. There are three theories about the possible mechanism of the pathogenesis of PNH: immune escape, anti-apoptotic mechanism, and secondary gene mutation. There has been little gain in the knowledge regarding its pathogenesis during the last decade owing to the lack of representative cell lines and animal models. There have been recent reports about the successful creation of PNH mouse and PNH rhesus macaque models. The detection of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor protein (GPI-AP)-deficient cells and/or fluorescently labeled variant of aerolysin (FLAER) test, estimation of erythrocyte life span, and hemolysis-related experiments demonstrated that these animal models of PNH had GPI-AP-deficient blood cells with shortened lifespans and increased sensitivity to complement-activated hemolysis. However, there were no clinical manifestations such as hemolysis and thrombosis in these animal models. This suggested that the PIG-A mutation is one of the several conditions required for PNH, but it alone is not enough to cause PNH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates multiple solutions for super-linear symmetric operator equations by optimization methods like index theory, Mountain pass theorem and mini-max methods. Applying the results to second order Hamiltonian systems with symmetry yields finite or infinitely many solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and convenient method for the synthesis of thiophosphates by coupling of phosphites with thiols under mild conditions has been developed. The reactions were promoted by trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) and were carried out at room temperature in a one-pot two-step procedure within 20 min. A variety of substrates was tolerated in this method. Notably, both aryl and alkyl thiols could afford the corresponding thiophosphates in good yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The I MLL-SEPT9 i fusion gene is a relatively rare form in I MLL i -r leukemia, which is predominantly associated with M4/M5 subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and patients with this fusion gene often have a poor response and dismal prognosis [[2]]. In summary, to our knowledge, this is the first report regarding the application of HMAs on the leukemia patient with the I MLL-SEPT9 i fusion gene, and the patient acquired persistently CR by decitabine-based treatment. 2 Utilize an I MLL i -fusion biochip to identify the I MLL-SEPT9 i fusion gene. [Extracted from the article]

Accounting for time is defined as putting a price on time. Researchers have demonstrated that accounting for time reduces the time individuals spend on others; however, its association with monetary donations has not been examined. We hypothesized that accounting for time will activate a utility mindset that would affect one’s allocation of time and money. In Study 1, the mediating effect of utility mindsets on the relationship between accounting for time and prosocial behavior was examined. In Study 2, we examined the effect of accounting for time on time spent helping and donating money, and the moderating role of material values on the relationship between accounting for time and prosocial behavior. Results showed that accounting for time activated a mindset of utility maximization that, in turn, reduced participants’ prosocial behavior; moreover, materialism moderated the effect of accounting for time on prosocial behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The definition of property rights, as an interactive process between the parties concerned to establish or change a contract of rights, is without doubt an important social activity in the history of economic life. Ever since the mid 1990s, certain developments from the transformation of township collective enterprises indicate that community collective property rights mainly comprise a property right that is socially contractual instead of market contractual. This kind of social contract is neither some kind of consciously designed system nor a natural expression of social relations. Instead, it is the outcome of relations and specific coordinated actions that represents a harmonious social order. Under an imperfect market contract, it might be possible to handle and solve cooperation issues and property rights conflicts within a community in an informal manner and therefore this could play a role in defining and maintaining the order of community property rights. However when there are drastic changes in the institutional environment, such a role for the social contract is very limited. Today, when institutional transformations still need to be backed by administrative force, severels' harmful consequences for sustainable community development would result if the informal rules of social contract were merely replaced with some institutional design that did not take into consideration the extension or replacement of the social contract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Induction of oral tolerance by vaccination with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)-associated autoantigens exhibits great potential in preventing and treating this autoimmune disease. However, antigen degradation in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) limits the delivery efficiency of oral antigens. Previously, bacterium-like particles (BLPs) have been used to deliver a single-chain insulin (SCI-59) analog (BLPs-SCI-59) or the intracellular domain of insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2ic) (BLPs-IA-2ic). Both monovalent BLPs vaccines can suppress T1DM in NOD mice by stimulating the corresponding antigen-specific oral tolerance, respectively. Here, we constructed two bivalent BLPs vaccines which simultaneously deliver SCI-59 and IA-2ic (Bivalent vaccine-mix or Bivalent vaccine-SA), and evaluated whether there is an additive beneficial effect on tolerance induction and suppression of T1DM by treatment with BLPs-delivered bi-autoantigens. Compared to the monovalent BLPs vaccines, oral administration of the Bivalent vaccine-mix could significantly reduce morbidity and mortality in T1DM. Treatment with the bivalent BLPs vaccines (especially Bivalent vaccine-mix) endowed the mice with a stronger ability to regulate blood glucose and protect the integrity and function of pancreatic islets than the monovalent BLPs vaccines treatment. This additive effect of BLPs-delivered bi-autoantigens on T1DM prevention may be related to that SCI-59- and IA-2-specific Th2-like immune responses could be induced, which was more beneficial for the correction of Th1/Th2 imbalance. In addition, more CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) were induced by treatment with the bivalent BLPs vaccines than did the monovalent BLPs vaccines. Therefore, multiple autoantigens delivered by BLPs maybe a promising strategy to prevent T1DM by efficiently inducing antigen-specific immune tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using poly (ethylene oxide)-poly (propylene oxide)- poly (ethylene oxide) (P123), tetraethyl silicon (TEOS), HCl, n-butanol as raw materials, SBA-15 template was prepared by liquid phase reaction method. Using SBA-15 as template, Cu(NO3)2·3H2O and Co(NO3)2·6H2O as raw materials and n-hexane as solvent, mesoporous CuCo2O4 composite metal oxide was prepared by hard template nano-casting. The composite metal oxides were characterized by thermo gravimetric differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Taking benzyl alcohol as the target, the effects of reaction temperature, different catalyst dosage, reaction time and molar ratio of benzyl alcohol to hydrogen peroxide on selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol by CuCo2O4 were studied, and the oxidation products were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results show that the sample of CuCo2O4 metal composite calcined at 700 °C has the highest purity, and the average particle size is about 500 nm. The optimum conditions for selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol by CuCo2O4 are reaction system temperature of 80 °C, catalyst dosage of 8 g/L, reaction time 3h, the molar ratio 1:1 of hydrogen peroxide to benzyl alcohol. Under the optimum condition, the conversion rate of benzyl alcohol is 78.13% and the recovery rate of benzaldehyde is 56%. Mesoporous CuCo2O4 is a composite metal oxide with good selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol, which has a wide application prospect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using Dy2O3, C4H6CoO4·4H2O, C6H8O7·H2O and HNO3 as the main raw materials, DyCoO3 was successfully prepared by sol-gel method. The DyCoO3 were characterized by TG-DSC, XRD, SEM and FT-IR. Using azo dye methyl orange solution as simulated wastewater, the degradation activity of DyCoO3 under UV irradiation was studied by changing the synthesis temperature and illumination time. The results show that the pure DyCoO3 can be prepared from 750 °C to 1000 °C, DyCoO3 particles were relatively uniform with average grain size of 2–3 μm. The photocatalytic activity of DyCoO3 sample calcined at 800 °C was the best. When DyCoO3 photocatalytic degradation of 10 mg/L methyl orange for 60 min, the degradation rate was close to 100%. This shows that DyCoO3 is a new type of photocatalyst with high efficiency, which lays a foundation for the application of wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many hydrocarbon generation sags around Dishuiquan Oilfield, such as Dishuiquan Sag, Dongdaohaizi Sag, Wucaiwan Sag, etc. But there is no result which hydrocarbon generation sag the Jurassic oil of Dishuiquan Oilfield is sourced from. Through comparisons on carbon isotopes, sterane distributions and maturities of source rocks and crude oil, the result shows that the geochemical characteristics of Jurassic crude oil in Dishuiquan Oilfield are highly consistent with those of Permian source rocks in Dongdaohaizi Sag and have obvious differences with other sags, which indicates the crude oil comes from the Permian source rocks in Dongdaohaizi Sag. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a multi-frequency statistical algorithm is proposed for retrieving surface soil temperature (Ts) from AMSR-E (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EarthObservation System) brightness temperature (TB) observations. The algorithm was developed based on a regression analysis between TB from all AMSR-E bands and the corresponding in situ Ts observed by a soil moisture and temperature network in the central Tibetan Plateau. The new algorithm effectively utilizes information from the different bands provided by AMSR-E, lessening the influence of soil moisture, vegetation, and water vapour. Further validations were conducted based on seven soil moisture and temperature observation networks distributed globally. The results showed that the new multi-frequency algorithm can produce Ts values with a mean bias of less than 2 K and a root mean square error of less than 3 K for different vegetation-covered areas of the globe. Compared with a widely used single-band inversion algorithm, the new multi-frequency algorithm has better accuracy in estimating Ts and does not suffer from considerable overestimation or underestimation across these networks, indicating good transferability. This algorithm could contribute to research relating to the land energy balance by providing consistent and independent long-term estimates of daily global Ts. Nevertheless, the new algorithm has limited ability to retrieve Ts of frozen soil, given that AMSR-E TB values are affected by the deep soil temperature after a soil is frozen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bdelloidea rotifer, a kind of asexually microscopic invertebrate, is the largest Metazoan group that reproduces only through parthenogenesis. Here the potential evolutionary species composition was analyzed using a coalescent approach to infer independently evolving entities from a phylogenetic tree obtained from cytochrome oxidase I sequences. Three clones (HX4, HX8 and HX19) of BdelloideaRotaria rotatoriawere selected to be the representatives of three sympatric putative cryptic taxa for detecting the effects of temperature (24, 28 and 32 ℃) on their life history traits. The results showed that the responses of life table parameters to increasing temperature were different among the three evolving entities. Evolutionary species, temperatures and their interaction significantly affected all life history parameters except that evolutionary species did not significantly affect the durations of post-reproductive period and mean lifespan. In addition, the interaction of evolutionary species and temperatures did not significantly affect the durations of post-reproductive period, offspring production or net reproductive rate. No matter what the evolutionary species was, the age-specific survival curves tended to decrease earlier and more quickly, and the peak of age-specific fecundity curves appeared earlier with increasing temperature. The three potential crypticR. rotatoriataxa adopted variable life history strategies, low reproduction and high survivorship at low temperature, as well as high reproduction and low survivorship at high temperature. The similar adaptation abilities of HX4, HX8 and HX19 to water temperatures could be the best explanation for their coexistence in the subtropical shallow pond at a high temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objective: To investigate the effect of levothyroxine (LT4) therapy on urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) in early type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN) and subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) patients with mildly increased thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and serum thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) positivity.Methods: Application of randomized double-blind and placebo-controlled methods. A total of 136 normotensive patients with early type 2 DN and SCH (TSH 4.0-7.0 mIU/L and TPO-Ab positive) were selected, and were randomly divided into two groups for LT4 or placebo treatments, respectively. Changes in UAER, serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), blood pressure, serum uric acid and lipids in patients before and after 48 weeks of treatment were examined and compared between groups.Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the baseline characteristics of study participants between two treatment groups (p > 0.05 for all). After 48 weeks of treatment, compared to the placebo treatment, the LT4 treatment was more effective in reducing total cholesterol (p < 0.05). Further comparison of therapy-related differences between groups showed that the LT4 treatment was better in reducing UAER, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and uric acid than the placebo group (p < 0.01 for all).Conclusion: The LT4 treatment may decrease UAER and exert kidney protection effects in early type 2 DN and SCH patients with mildly increased TSH levels and serum TPO-Ab positivity. However, due to the short duration of follow-up and small number of cases, the results of this study need future trials with larger numbers of patients and longer follow-up periods to verify whether such a strategy can provide durable benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-assembly of Zn2+, the pillar ligandN,N?-bis(4-pyridylformamide)-1,4-benzene, and [M(CN)4]2?(M = Ni, Pd, or Pt) formed three compounds [Zn(L)(H2O)2][M(CN)4]·3H2O (1–3). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that1–3are isostructural and consist of cyanide-bridged 2-D grid-type layers built of [Zn(L)(H2O)2]2+chains cross-linked by [M(CN)4]2?units. Thermogravimetric and powder XRD analyses indicate that1has a high thermal stability and exhibits reversibility for desorption/resorption of water guest molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Successful heart preservation is critical for clinical heart transplantation, but even the most successful heart preservation method can only preserve the heart in a time range of approximately 4 h. In the present study, diazoxide (DE)-containing cardioplegia solution was used as the hypothermic heart preservation solution, and hearts were preserved for different time periods before reperfusion. Five groups were randomly divided into the control group, DE groups with different concentrations of DE (15, 30, and 45 μM), and the 5-HD + DE group containing 30 μM DE and 100 μM of 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD). Each group was further divided according to the storage time: 3 h and 8 h subgroups. Hemodynamic parameters were monitored continually and myocardial injury markers lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) were measured before arrest and during reperfusion. After reperfusion, myocardium water content, myocardium apoptosis, and myocardial mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were measured. All data were analyzed by independent samples t-test. Our results showed that diazoxide treatment improved impaired hemodynamics parameters and decreased the leakage of myocardial enzymes during reperfusion, compared to the control group. Moreover, diazoxide treatment significantly alleviated myocardial edema, decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cardiomyocytes, prevented the loss of mitochondrial SOD activity, and depressed the mitochondrial MDA content. This study indicated that mitoKATP channel opener diazoxide could significantly enhance myocardial protection during long-term hypothermic preservation, and the inhibition of oxidative stress-induced myocardium apoptosis seems to be the mechanism involved in the protective action on the mitoKATP channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hemin has been reported to be protective in the pathological process, but its protective mechanisms have not been precisely defined. Hemin could induce Erk1/2 phosphorylation in astrocyte. Erk1/2 phosphorylation has been proved to be involved in many growth signals cellular transduction. However, little study has been conducted as to the relationship between hemin and Erk1/2 activation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between hemin and Erk1/2 phosphorylation in HUVECs. The results showed that low concentration of hemin induced and sustained phosphorylation of Erk1/2 for a long time. The HO inhibitor protoporphyrin IX zinc (II) abrogated phosphorylation of Erk1/2 induced by hemin. Biliverdin, one of the metabolites of hemin, obviously induced the Erk1/2 phosphorylation in HUVECs. Both hemin and biliverdin promoted HUVEC cell growth. The results strongly suggested that hemin could induce and sustain Erk1/2 phosphorylation in HUVECs by way of HO-1 induction and biliverdin produced from HO-1 catalysing hemin degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]