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The intermolecular complexes formed between imidazol-2-ylidene and its heavy-atom analogues C2H4N2X: (X = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) and YH3F (Y = Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) have been optimized at the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level. C2H4N2X: have two electron-rich moieties, one of which is the lone pair on the X atom and the other is the 6π-electron system. Three types of binding modes (type-A, type-B and type-C) can be distinguished for C2H4N2X: according to the locations of YH3F. The type-A and type-B complexes can be located for C2H4N2C:···YH3F system, and the Eint values of the type-A complexes are much larger than those of the type-B complexes. The type-A, type-B and type-C complexes can be located for the other four systems, and the Eint values of these complexes go in the order type-B > type-C > type-A. The binding strength of the type-A complexes becomes weaker, and that of the type-B and type-C complexes becomes stronger with the increase of the X atomic number for C2H4N2X:···YH3F system, which can be clarified by the MEP maps of C2H4N2X:. The NBO, AIM and SAPT analysis was employed to explore the nature of the interactions in these complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study was twofold: firstly, to investigate vocational accounting students' attitudes towards sustainable development; secondly, to explore the influence of students' professional scepticism on their attitudes towards sustainable development. We surveyed 363 accounting students enrolled in a vocational college in China. We found that students had the most favourable attitudes towards the educational dimension of sustainable development and the least favourable attitudes towards the social dimension. Female students had significantly more favourable attitudes towards the environmental and educational dimensions of sustainable development, as compared to male students. Students at higher academic levels had significantly more favourable attitudes towards the educational dimension of sustainable development, as compared to students at lower academic levels. We also found that the questioning mind dimension of professional scepticism played the largest role in fostering the students' favourable attitudes towards sustainable development, followed by the search for knowledge and interpersonal understanding dimensions, then by the suspension of judgement, self-confidence, and self-determining dimensions. The results of this study provide insights for educators to improve the accounting curriculum in vocational higher education in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]