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A patient with light chain myeloma complicated by simultaneous Herpes simplex and Aspergillus fischeri pneumonia is presented. Microscopic examination of her bronchoalveolar specimen showed bronchial cells with cytopathic effects and numerous cleistotheca, the sexual reproductive structures of Aspergillus. Culture was positive for Herpes simplex virus and Aspergillus fischeri. The initial partial response to amphotericin B followed by complete clinical response with addition of intravenous acyclovir emphasized the importance of recognition of simultaneous infection by these 2 pathogens. This is the first report of identifying cleistotheca in the bronchoalveolar lavage specimen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]