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Urban stormwater systems consist of structural characteristics including topological structure, pipe capacity, low impact developments and storage tanks, and these characteristics are important in the planning and the retrofitting stage. Therefore, this study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of each structural characteristic for enhancing resilience, based on simulation of massive virtual stormwater systems. The results show that it is more cost-effective to enhance resilience by finding better topological structure. Enlarging pipe capacity is also a fairly good choice, since it is more effective than building storage tanks, and more economical than building low impact development. Further, we find that improving topological structure and enlarging pipe capacity have potential in bringing extra resilience in the retrofitting stage for building low impact development and storage tanks. Therefore, the planning stage of urban stormwater systems should be considered seriously. Furthermore, we should pay more attention to the topological structure of urban stormwater systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rapid, ultra-sensitive and simple fluorescence immunoassay (FLISA) on CdSe/ZnS Quantum dots (QDs) for recognition pesticide triazophos have been established. In this assay, the immunoassay uses (CdSe/ZnS) Quantum dots (QDs) as a probe that carries monoclonal antibody (mAb). The free triazophos and OVA-haptens were competed for binding the mAb on the surface of the QDs. Therefore, the concentration of TRIAZ can get by calculation of the detection of fluorescence value. The assay has a linear response in the 10 ng L−1–25 μg L−1 TRIAZ concentration range, and limit of detection (IC10) was 0.508 ng L−1. The recovery rate in the case of spiked samples ranges from 82.6% to 96.6%, and the RSD is <20%. FLISA can accurately and sensitively screen out triazophos in representative actual samples that contain trace levels of pesticides, it can play a prominent part in agricultural product and environmental detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a method for optical length measurement that employs a multi-passband microwave photonic filter (MPF) is analysed and demonstrated experimentally. The MPF consists of a sliced broadband light source, a phase modulator, a dual-parallel dispersion medium and a photodetector (PD). By cascading two Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) with different arm length difference, the MPF with eight passbands has been obtained. The variation of the length difference of MZI will lead the change of the free spectral range (FSR) of the interference spectrum, as well as the frequency of the passbands. By changing the arm length of the MZI, a high length measuring sensitivity of −2.420 GHz/mm has been achieved. The MPF has broad application prospects in the field of multi-parameter sensing. Moreover, the sensor reveals the advantages of highly sensitive, easy to implement and is able to overcome the influence of the environmental perturbation, for example temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low impact development (LID) has been widely used to manage stormwater, but evaluations of the benefits of implementing LID need to extend up to the watershed level. Modelling is an important method and this paper proposes an approach that focuses on modelling LID in watersheds using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). There are two ways to simulate LID in a SWMM. The first is using the LID editor, and the second is simply adjusting the parameters in the basic SWMM. In the proposed methodology, these two ways are combined. The methodology was applied to one of China's pilot sponge -cities, Tsingtao. The results show that the method can improve the efficiency and guarantee the accuracy of the model at the watershed level. Use of LID application in the pilot area can significantly reduce runoff volume, but the effect is different in different sub-watersheds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The small molecule compounds like pesticide, veterinary drug, bio-toxin, and heavy metal are widely found in animals, plants, soil, etc. Excessive compounds residues will have a bad influence on human health and the environment. Thus, it is extremely urgent that can detect the small molecules simultaneously. At present, many researches of simultaneous detection for small molecules using the method of an immunoassays have been reported thanks to its advantages of fast speed, simple operation, and high specificity. The small molecules have only one antigenic determinant, so the competitive immunoassay is the main method for small molecule compounds detection. In this paper, our main job is to describe the development of immunoassay for multi-residue detection of small molecule compounds and introduce three ways to complete the analysis of multi-residue immunoassay of small molecule compounds. We also summarize deficiencies and make an expectation of the immunoassays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The monitoring of drainage pipes is an important task in urban stormwater management. The selection of suitable monitoring points can guarantee the reliability of the data. Based on a scenario simulation, a time series of each node was obtained and a method using fuzzy clustering to automatically set drainage pipe monitoring points was established. This automatic method will reduce the workload of staff who need to develop and adjust the monitoring plan. It also avoids the problem of workers not being fully aware of all the operational laws of the drainage system, especially under certain extreme conditions. Moreover, the methodology is useful for the quantitative assessment of the monitoring project. The automatic setting method was applied in Qian’an, a city in the north of China. Consideration was given to monitoring indexes, different levels of rainfall, and the number of monitoring points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fibre axial strain sensor based on a phase modulated microwave photonics filter (MPF) with dual-passband is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. According to the phase-modulation to intensity-modulation (PM-IM) conversion in the MPF, dual-passband can be generated by utilizing two cascaded fibre Bragg grating Fabry-Perot (FBG-FP) filters. The fibre axial strain will change the wavelength of the FBG-FP, and resulting in the frequency variation in the passband. Thus, with one FBG-FP serving as the sensing element and the other acting as the reference element, a highly sensitive strain sensor can be realized simply by monitoring the frequency difference variation between the two passbands. The result shows that the passband frequency changes linearly in response to the strain with a sensitivity of 1.40 × 108 Hz/με. The sensor reveals the advantages of highly sensitive, small hysteresis and good stability, providing great potential for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is increasing interest for chemiluminescence (CL) detection with the characteristics of simplicity, low cost and high sensitivity, especially wide application of enhancersin CL detection to increased signals, prolonged luminescence time and enhanced intensity. In this review, the applications of primary enhancers and secondary enhancers were mainly described in the horseradish peroxidase–luminol system of CL enzyme immunoassay for light delay in the course of the reaction with improved sensitivity. The present review on enhancers covers the papers since 1983. Future research needs to develop novel enhancers with less interference and better performance. With wide utilization of enhancers in the CL system, the CL immunodetection technology showed a good potential and wide development prospects in food and medicine fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high performance liquid chromatography method using an efficient extraction method was developed for the determination of astaxanthin in eight kinds of animal feed. The chromatographic separation was achieved using a C18reversed-phase column, using methanol and acetonitrile as the mobile phases with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The feeds containing astaxanthin were first treated with maxatase, to cause enzymatic hydrolysis, and then extracted with dichloromethane. The optimized method produced recoveries of between 82.4% and 100% for all eight kinds of feed, and the coefficients of variation were lower than 4.28%. The limit of detection, defined as the concentration that gave a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, for astaxanthin was estimated to be 0.1 µg/g. The limit of quantification, defined as the lowest spiked concentration that gave an appropriate level of precision and accuracy, was 0.3 µg/g. Finally, the method developed was used to determine astaxanthin in real, commercially sourced, feed samples. The method met the requirements for the determination of astaxanthin in feed, providing satisfactory recoveries of 70–110%. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Daurian jackdaw (Corvus dauuricus, Pallas, 1776) was sequenced and deposited to GeneBank for the first time using muscle tissue. This mitochondrial genome is a circular molecule of 16921 bp in length and sequence analysis showed it contains 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes and D_loop. The phylogenetic analysis basis of 12 protein-coding genes except for ND6 gene of 13 species shows that most of the genus of Corvus were grouped into two clades, and C. dauuricus was basal to all other Corvus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]