In the current study, a novel mixed-ligand coordination polymer, {[Co(L)(dpe)]·(ClO4)} (1) (H2LCl = 3-carboxy-1-(3-carboxybenzyl)pyridin-1-ium, dpe = (E)-1,2-di(pyridin-4-yl)ethene), was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions by a zwitterionic organic ligand and fully characterized by the single crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis along with the FT-IR. Furthermore, the treatment activity of the compound on the ulcerative colitis was evaluated and the related mechanism was explored. First, the level of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and superoxide dismutase (SOD) released by the colon tissue into the plasma was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection kit. In addition to this, the activation level of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in the colonic epithelial cells was also determined with western blot. With the help of molecular docking simulation, the potential interacting gestures between the complex and the protein have been revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]