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The food waste generated annually is approximately 1.3 Pg. It contains chemical feedstock that could be diverted to materials production as the mineral oil price rises, incurring no conflict over land use and providing new wealth-creating opportunities for food-producing countries. It potentially realigns the industrial and agricultural sectors of national economies. Food waste production scales with population as does demand for materials. This review builds upon previous landmark papers in Polymer Reviews that address biomass in polymer production. It surveys the current global food-waste resource and demonstrates how it could be used in the generation of hydrophobic polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes research undertaken to understand the influence of vehicle dynamic response in the formation of Rolling Contact Fatigue (RCF) in rails. The use of both quasi-static curving simulation and detailed dynamic simulations are described. Site-specific Vampare® dynamic simulations for a range of vehicles and wheel profiles are compared with the actual incidence of RCF at the sites. Good agreement was found between variations in the wheel/rail contact conditions and the presence of RCF through the site. This not only allows the underlying causes of the RCF at the specific sites to be identified with confidence, but also sheds light on the mechanisms causing RCF on the UK rail network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]