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This paper proposes a multi-layer integrated IoT-blockchain conceptual architecture to solve the issues of the traditional bill of ladings, namely double-spending, duplicated documents, masqueraded information, and fraud and hacking threads related to the complexity of traditional format and fragmented supply chain activities. We formulate the tasks and functions of each IoT-blockchain layer and illustrates how the proposed conceptual architecture can overcome several inefficiency and security issues in the status quo. The proposed conceptual architecture can link IoT and blockchain technologies with port community systems' practices to reduce potential risks behind issuing the bill of lading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a method to impute the distribution of trip purposes and sociodemographic characteristics of passengers at public transit stops. Firstly, the probability of performing different types of activities around transit stops is calculated considering available land use types, distance to stops, and size of related facilities. Secondly, the temporal distribution of sociodemographic and trip purpose types of passengers in the whole network over time slots is extracted. Thirdly, the extracted temporal distribution is allocated to the location of stops based on available land use types around the stops. A household travel survey dataset from South East Queensland is chosen for the case study. The proposed method could extract valuable information for public transit authorities from spatially poor travel survey datasets and transform those datasets into a new source of information for planning and running novel applications in the public transit network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]