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AimBackgroundDesign and methodsResultsConclusionTo assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Registered Nurses working in residential aged care facilities pertaining to pain management for residents living with dementia.Sub-optimal pain management continues for people living with dementia in residential aged care. Registered Nurses are the pivotal staff responsible for complex assessment and management of people residing in residential aged care facilities.:This integrative literature review was informed by Whittemore (2005). Searching and screening followed the PRISMA guidelines.Thirteen papers were identified, the major themes identified were gaps in knowledge and skills, uncertainty of assessment, and delays in treatment.Registered Nurses require education on pain management for people living with dementia in residential aged care. Broader issues in residential aged care contribute to the problem and require examination. Research pertaining to Registered Nurses’ roles pain management for residents living with dementia is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The abstract nature of grammar makes metalinguistic thinking a challenge for both teachers and students. However, it is suggested writing conferences in which students are encouraged to reflect on grammatical choices and their impact on meaning may be an effective means to develop metalinguistic awareness. This paper draws on cognitive linguistics and mentor texts to investigate what impact a concept-led, dialogic approach to grammar teaching has in the context of student-teacher discussions. By means of writing conferences between a teacher and three Year Five students, the paper explores how students made effective grammatical choices, as a result of metalinguistic dialogue with their teacher. Six concepts, scope, action chains, deixis, attentional windowing, fictive motion, and figure and ground, provided the explicit foci for imagining narrative scenes and appropriate grammatical choices. The findings suggest these concepts may have an enduring effect on students' ability to make independent and creative choices in their writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper draws on findings of comparative international research on students’ poetic writing about the natural environment in the context of the classroom and a naturalistic setting. The study involved 97, nine- to 10-year-olds in four classes: two classes were in an English primary school with their counterparts in a Western Australian primary school. One class in each school had vicarious contact with nature as a stimulus for writing, using a previously taught technique for writing poetry; the other class in each school used the same technique but had direct contact with nature. The study has implications for students’ literacy development, creativity and agency and suggests that students’ poetic writing is enhanced through direct contact with nature. Teachers in both England and Australia, countries where ‘high stakes’ testing dominates the literacy curriculum, may find that standards of writing improve when students are given direct contact with natural spaces and are scaffolded to elicit their poetic voice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) is a surgical technique where a small aperture, the nostrils, can give access to the whole ventral skull base. Its principles differ from the ones of traditional skull base approaches where a wide external opening is often accompanied by a relatively small working area. Most of the results of EEAs published in the literature come from retrospective case series and the follow-up is still limited, however the consensus is that this technique is safe and effective in selected cases and when performed within dedicated skull base centres. This article sets to give an overview of the current state of endoscopic skull base surgery, based on the recent evidence and our centre's experience with nearly 2000 EEAs. The team's experience with endoscopic as well as open approaches plays a critical role in achieving satisfactory results when treating pathologies of the skull base. Guided by the principle of least neural and vascular manipulation, the team should be able to select the least traumatic route (open or endoscopic) and be able to approach the skull base from all angles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the nature of the relationships between science and technology. It offers an explanation of why the development of understanding of science-technology relationships is important. It discusses the meanings attached to the terms 'science' and 'technology', and outlines four views of the nature of their relationship: the 'idealist' view (technology as applied science), the 'demarcationist' view (separate fields), the 'materialist' view (technology as a necessary precursor to science) and the 'interactionist' view (scientists and technologists working together). Five Canadian senior high school physics textbooks are then analysed to examine the ways in which they represent the nature of the relationships between technology and science. The books display numerous positive features: a recognition of the human face of science and technology; frequent reference to careers in which a knowledge of physics might be useful; and many illustrations of interesting technological artefacts. However, with minor exceptions, the texts are dominated by an idealist storyline which presents a limited view of the history and philosophy of science-technology relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Observations Lessons Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia (CFD) typically occurs in the facial bones and anterior cranial vault and can produce both disfigurement and functional limitations for patients disfigurement. Treatment consists of reducing the abnormal bone. Bone contouring can become challenging when the exposure does not extend to the corresponding normal contralateral structures for comparison or when normal landmarks are not available, which may compromise the overall aesthetic outcome. We describe a technique using dynamic mirroring to accurately contour the involved part of the cranium in a case of giant CFD.A 49-year-old male presented with a giant deforming fibrous dysplasia of the right mastoid and parieto-temporo-occiput that was causing functional limitations due to the size of the bony mass. This was managed with multidisciplinary bony reduction. Several neurovascular structures were in proximity to the areas of planned drilling of the expansile lesion, and dynamic mirroring of the uninvolved left skull was utilized to maximize safety and symmetry of reduction. High-speed drilling of the right occipital bone was performed until the navigation system alerted the surgeon that symmetric depth had been achieved. There were no complications from the procedure and this technique maximized the limits of symmetric reduction without significantly increasing surgical complexity or duration.Dynamic mirroring of bony structures in the posterior cranium is not commonly employed in neurosurgical practice. This technique may help improve the aesthetic outcomes of bony reduction in craniofacial dysplasia and a variety of similarly managed bony lesions, contour cranioplasties, and in unilateral craniosynostosis surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]