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Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have proved to be groundbreaking in the field of oncology. However, immune system overactivation from ICIs has introduced a novel medical entity known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs), that can affect any organ or tissue. ICI-induced inflammatory arthritis (ICI-IIA) is the most common musculoskeletal irAE and can lead to significant morbidity and limitation in anti-cancer therapy. In this review, the authors focus on ICI-IIA. Relevant articles were identified through PubMed searches, spanning 2010 to the present. The authors detail the current understanding of its pathogenesis, diagnostic evaluation, and management strategies. ICI-IIA is a complex irAE that we are just beginning to understand mechanistically and pathologically. It often presents later in the disease course than other irAEs and, due to various reasons, is under-recognized. In some patients, ICI-IIA may become a chronic disease, which distinguishes it from most irAEs that resolve after ICI discontinuation. Multiple important questions still demand further research including which patients may develop ICI-IIA? What are possible diagnostic and prognostic markers? Do anti-arthritis therapies interfere with the anti-tumor response? and when should steroid-sparing agents be initiated? Close collaboration and shared decision-making between oncologists, rheumatologists, and the patient are essential when managing this particular irAE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ambipolar conduction in tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs) has been occurred as an inherent issue due to drain-channel tunneling. It makes TFET less efficient and restricts its application in complementary digital circuits. Therefore, this manuscript reports the application of Gaussian doping profile on nanometer regime silicon channel TFETs to completely eliminate the ambipolarity. For this, Gaussian doping is used in the drain region of conventional gate-drain overlap TFET to control the tunneling of electrons from the valence band of channel to the conduction band of drain. As a result, barrier width at the drain/channel junction increases significantly leading to the suppression of an ambipolar current even when higher doping concentration (1 x 1019 cm-3) is considered in the drain region. However, significant improvement in terms of RF figure-ofmerits such as cut-off frequency (f T), gain bandwidth product (GBW), and gate-to-drain capacitance (C gd) is achieved with Gaussian doped gate on drain overlap TFET as compared to its counterpart TFET. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To put systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in remission for a prolonged period. Methods: Dexamethasone cyclophosphamide pulse (DCP) therapy was used in a 40-year-old female with SLE of 3 years' duration. DCP therapy comprises an intravenous infusion of 100 mg dexamethasone in 500 ml of 5% glucose over 1-1½ hours on 3 consecutive days along with cyclophosphamide 500 mg in the same drip on the first day. This was repeated at 4-week intervals till 9 months after all the lesions cleared. In between the DCP therapy she was given 50 mg cyclophosphamide orally daily. Results: The skin lesions cleared with 11 DCP therapies. There was no relapse 24 months after stopping all treatment. Conclusion: DCP therapy appears to put SLE into prolonged remission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Methotrexate in psoriasis helps to clear the lesions fast but remission is short. To produce long-term remission, methotrexate has been combined with betamethasone. Methods: A total of 40 patients with psoriasis (plaque type: 36, erythrodermic: four) were included in an open randomized study. Twenty-eight patients received weekly 15 mg methotrexate and 3 mg betamethasone orally and 12 patients received weekly 15 mg methotrexate orally alone until the Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) scores were reduced to 95-100% of the baseline scores. Follow-up was carried out until relapse of the lesions. Results: Methotrexate combined with betamethasone orally weekly cleared the lesions in 27.13±2.39 (24.74-29.52) days with a remission period of 91.78±14.19 (77.59-105.97) days, whereas methotrexate alone took 33.09±5.61 (27.48-38.70) days to clear the lesions with a remission period of 20.30±2.50 (17.80-22.80) days. Conclusions: Methotrexate combined with betamethasone cleared the lesions faster and with a longer remission period compared with methotrexate alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To clear the itching and lesions of lichen amyloidosus completely, which is a chronic, troublesome disease of the skin with variable results from various therapeutic modalities. Methods: Dexamethasone cyclophosphamide pulse (DCP) therapy was given to a 53-year-old man with lichen amyloidosus of 3 months duration. DCP therapy comprises an intravenous infusion of 100 mg dexamethasone in 500 ml of 5% glucose over 1-1½ hours on 3 consecutive days. On day 1, cyclophosphamide 500 mg was also given through the same drip. DCP therapy was repeated at 4-week intervals. In between, the patient received 50 mg of cyclophosphamide orally daily. Results: The itching stopped completely after five DCP sessions and all the lesions cleared after nine DCP sessions with no relapse during 30 months of follow-up after stopping the treatment. Conclusion: DCP therapy is an effective alternative for lichen amyloidosus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]