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This article explores a turning point in Soviet-Turkish relations during the Cold War: the 1967 interstate agreement that enabled construction of the backbone of Turkey’s post-war state-owned industry, including the petroleum refinery in Aliağa, the steel plant in İskenderun, and the aluminium plant in Seydişehir. It shows that Turkish leaders were not unusual in their balancing of Western and Soviet aid, nor in their attempt to use state intervention to overcome underdevelopment. During the 1950s and 1960s, Jawaharlal Nehru and Gamal Abdel Nasser employed similar tactics for similar ends. What was indeed unusual, was that Turkey was the only NATO member to receive such significant Soviet industrial aid. To explore the Soviet approach and the Turkish response, the article uses recently declassified records from the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History (RGANI) and the Turkish state archives (BCA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This interview is dedicated to the pioneering work of Gaia Giuliani in critical race, whiteness and postcolonial Italian studies in Italy and internationally, over ten and five years, respectively, from the publication of Bianco e nero: Storia dell'identità razziale degli italiani (with Cristina Lombardi-Diop, Mondadori Education, 2013) and Race, Nation and Gender in Modern Italy: Intersectional Representations in Visual Culture (Palgrave Macmillan, 2019). Shelleen Greene is an associate professor of Cinema and Media Studies in the Department of Film, Television and Digital Media at the UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television. Her Equivocal Subjects: Between Italy and Africa – Constructions of Race and Nation in the Italian Cinema (Bloomsbury, 2012) set a milestone in scholarship on Italian visual culture and race. Lorgia Garcia Peña, scholar and activist, is a professor of Latinx Studies at the Effron Center for the Study of America and the Department of African American Studies at Princeton University. Her Translating Blackness (Duke, 2022) conceived Latinx Caribbean diaspora (also in Italy) as part of both Black migrants' oscillating border-crossings and their forms of resistance to colonialism and racism. Both scholars have long been in dialogue with Giuliani's scholarship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the transformation of the region around the twin-town Bitterfeld-Wolfen in Eastern Germany from a highly polluted industrial hub into a lakeland idyll and destination for recreation and nature-based tourism. From the perspective of local residents of age, the significance of this transformation was fundamentally shaped by German reunification, in particular by the experience of stigmatisation related to high levels of pollution in Bitterfeld-Wolfen in the context of general bias that devalued East German subjectivities in the course of German reunification. As I detail through both historical and ethnographic research, I show how mine restoration and the clean-up of contaminated sites have subsequently acquired meaning beyond ecological recovery and the improvement of public health. Tied up with the uncertainties and ambivalences of the transformation of East Germany and its integration into a West German entity, I demonstrate how the (im)possibility of restoring a destroyed landscape became inseparable from the postulated need of fundamental recovery of an East German region and its inhabitants from, so-perceived, socialist ruination. Consequently, I argue, the clean-up of contaminated sites and the remediation of a large open-cast mine in (former) East Germany produced not only an idyllic post-mining landscape, but a post-socialist one. Furthermore, as an archive of local history, the restored landscape became a way for elderly people to re-appropriate their past through its transformation into a remarkable present. In tracing this contested history, this paper contributes to landscape-centred analyses of post-socialist transformations in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the establishment of banking supervision in Italy and its operation between 1926 and 1936, using a narrative approach based on previously classified documents from the Bank of Italy's Historical Archives. This case is particularly interesting from the international perspective, Italy having been the first European country to assign substantial supervision to its central bank, a few years before the 1929 crisis. Notwithstanding insufficient regulation and a light touch concerning the four major mixed banks, we document considerable enforcement of the law, which went beyond the initial provisions, thanks to the rather proactive supervisory approach adopted by the Bank of Italy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a memoir written by Ralph J. Greenspan about the early years of the CSHL summer Drosophila neurobiology course from 1984-1985. The course was a reincarnation of the first fly neurobiology course taught by Bill Pak in the 1970s. The memoir describes the structure of the course, including intensive lectures, lab sessions, and discussions held in the dining hall. The course attracted a diverse group of participants, including established scientists and postdocs interested in expanding their perspectives. Despite some challenges, the course was successful and contributed to the development of Drosophila neurobiologists. [Extracted from the article]

As cousins, we discovered a treasure trove of family papers, revealing the intricate relationship between precarity and privilege of our family from Salonica navigating the post-Ottoman transition. Recognising the potential of family history to provide a more intimate and complex historiography, this article offers our initial study of these family papers. By highlighting the challenges posed by the scarcity of such documents in Middle Eastern studies, emphasising women’s roles in preserving family memory and focussing on the interplay between personal and political domains, we identify the preparation of a family tree as a gendered and socioeconomic project of preserving the past and shaping the present. By tracing our family's origins, including unsettling discoveries, we address matters of identity and memory before embarking on our analysis. By reconstructing the biographies of two generations, we characterise the family’s socioeconomic struggle to sustain their precarious privilege amid shifting frontiers and along their journey from Ottoman Salonica to Kemalist Turkey. Ultimately, this article underscores the significance of family history as a transnational, intergenerational, intersectional and social history that enriches our understanding of the post-Ottoman transition through the lives of ordinary (and some extraordinary) Ottomans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis article showcases and explains the process, and the rationale behind the Singapore Fashion Histories website -- an iterative collaborative fashion media site that is dedicated to understanding Singapore's national fashion history. Sponsored by the National Heritage Board, this project takes a multi-sited approach to fashion history in Singapore, one that incorporates and insists on a multiple layering of understanding of what fashion means to a nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a review of Deborah Valenze's book, "The Invention of Scarcity: Malthus & the Margins of History." The review discusses the misconceptions surrounding Thomas Malthus and his theory of population growth. It argues that Malthus was not a "gloomy prophet" predicting catastrophe, but rather concerned with the present and the proportion between population and food. The review also addresses the misconception that Malthus recommended war, famine, and disease as remedies for overpopulation, emphasizing that Malthus actually advocated for moral restraint and increased production of provisions. The review highlights the need for a more accurate understanding of Malthus and his ideas. [Extracted from the article]

Although Czechoslovak foreign intelligence operated in dozens of countries throughout the world between 1948 and 1989, interfering significantly in their political development in some cases, it is still a neglected actor in the history of the secret services. The aim of this study is to clarify the nature of Czechoslovak foreign intelligence and to assess its activities and the types of intelligence work on which it focused. In addition to the organizational structure and its changing face during the various phases of the Cold War, this study also focuses on the most important intelligence operations run by Czechoslovak intelligence abroad, its links to the Soviet State Committee for Security, and its collaboration with other Eastern bloc intelligence services. The second part of this study focuses on the processes leading to the declassification of intelligence documents after the collapse of the communist regime in Czechoslovakia and outlines how to critically interpret and evaluate these surviving archive materials in Cold War history research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the accessibility of archival materials in Russia related to the Cold War and the liberation struggle in Southern Africa. The Russian State Archive of the Modern History and the Foreign Policy Archive of the Russian Federation house important documents on Moscow's relations with South Africa and political organizations in that country. The article also mentions the publication of a comprehensive collection of archive documents on Russia-Africa ties and a book on the history of Soviet Union's relations with South Africa. The author disagrees with some interpretations in these works and highlights the importance of a joint Russian-South African project on historical memory about solidarity in the fight against Apartheid. [Extracted from the article]

The emergence of neurosurgery from the practice of cranial surgery between the eighteenth and the twentieth centuries in London, UK, is well documented, including the role of Sir Victor Horsley, the first neurosurgical appointee at the National Hospital Queen Square in 1886. The process of this transition elsewhere in London and the subsequent foundation of other neurosurgical units are less well described. In East London, the status of St. Bartholomew's Hospital (Barts) as the oldest London hospital still active on its original site and its comprehensive archives allow an unusually long history of surgical practice in the specialty to be studied. Using these archives and other primary and secondary sources, this article describes the transition of cranial surgery in East London from the general surgeons, limited to the treatment of brain and skull injury, to the specialized discipline of neurosurgery. We discuss the culmination of this process in the foundation of three neurosurgical units at London Hospital, Whitechapel, by Sir Hugh B. Cairns from 1927; at Barts Hospital, Smithfield, by John E. A. O'Connell from 1937; and at Oldchurch Hospital, Romford, by Leslie C. Oliver from 1945. Two modern neurosurgical units, in Whitechapel and Romford, have taken forward the work begun by this group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a review of the book "Decolonizing the Caribbean Record: An Archives Reader," which examines the development of archival administration in various Caribbean regions. The book pays tribute to important figures in Caribbean archives and discusses the relationship between archives, history, and nation-building. It emphasizes the significance of archives in preserving and providing access to materials for researchers, while also acknowledging the challenges faced by archivists in the Caribbean. The article highlights the limitations of archives in fully capturing the experiences of the enslaved population and explores the complexities of Caribbean social formation. It also emphasizes the importance of oral history and the need for archives to be more inclusive and representative of marginalized communities. The article concludes by recommending the book for those interested in Caribbean history, heritage, and archives. [Extracted from the article]

Based on ethnographic fieldwork at two Syrian organizations, the Syrian Archive and Bidayyat, both founded in exile but operating at different ends of the archival scale, this article theorizes the idea of an archive as a horizon of expectation that orients activists toward future justice in the face of defeat. While Bidayyat primarily associates the power of the archive with the judgment of history and the Syrian Archive with legal judgment, their underlying idea of an archive gives activists a sense of an ending, even when justice proves elusive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of female economists during the post-World War II reconstruction of Western Europe is as yet unresearched. A small but substantial collection of publications discusses the role of male economists within the European institutions created after World War II. However, none of them analyzes contributions made by female economists. This paper aims to shed some light on female economists who participated in the reconstruction of Europe through their work in the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC), which was created by the Marshall Plan following the Conference of Sixteen (Conference for European Economic Co-operation). Firstly, we searched for names of female economists who served the institution, hoping that some relevant hidden female figures in the OEEC would resurface. Secondly, through oral history archives and personal documents, we reconstructed the biographies of three female economists who contributed, in different ways, to the activities of the OEEC: Miriam Camp, Florence Kirlin, and Vera Cao Pinna. By comparing these three figures, in terms of their educational and social backgrounds, their narrative, as well as their connections with international networks of experts, we defined their similarities and differences in order to identify the main characteristics that allowed them, even if at different levels and with different roles, to participate in international diplomacy and technical support deployed in the construction and diffusion of the idea of the peaceful, united, and prosperous Europe which we live in today. Tracing back the presence of women in OEEC, this article aims to bring some light on: what did being a woman economist entails in the after WWII in the newborn European institutions and what did it mean in terms of the kind of work and experience a woman could be doing within the process of professionalisation of the economics discipline in the international organisations. We are interested in describing the experiences and self-perceptions of women economists working in male dominated international institutions. Female international thinkers and experts, well known in their own time, were largely overlooked and neglected by scholars, politics, and international history later. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article uses a microhistory—a family history, a form of autoethnography—to think through the role of migration archives, and family histories of migration, within the settler colony. By exploring my grandparents' naturalisation applications, who came to this country as Jewish Holocaust survivors and stateless refugees, I consider what we can learn from bureaucratic archives, and how we can approach the problem of how to use these archives to write histories. Centring ambivalence, uncertainty and openness, this article ponders the devastating ruins of knowledge that we are left with in the long aftermath of the Holocaust, and the ways that those of us from migrant families are implicated in ongoing genocide in Australia. Trying to ethically think alongside the work of Aboriginal scholars, and using frameworks offered by other Jewish scholars, I take seriously the question of how we can work through questions of statelessness, naturalisation, citizenship and belonging in the settler colony, as we write our histories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution shares the first findings and methodological approaches emerging from a research project aiming at exploring how 20th-century archives and libraries in Malta were perceived and in turn shaped by people who engaged and dedicated their lives to their mission. The project also intends to reconstruct the early embryonic development of the profession in Malta, provide a better understanding of the custodial history of archival and library collections on the island, and contribute to the recent local development of university-level archival and library education. To retrace the steps of this pathway through the lens of the changes that are currently happening in Maltese holding institutions, extensive archival research and semi-structured interviews are held in collaboration with the community archive project Memorja (National Archives of Malta). The project will also lay the foundations to trace back the history of Maltese archives and libraries through the 19th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ephemera — material culture not generally considered to be of enduring cultural or historical value — has long confounded archivists and recordkeepers. Often considered anomalous within broader institutional repositories, ephemeral records are further side-lined by dominant archival processes, standards, and logics; they lose their contextual nuances and thus become hidden collections within collections. Despite persistent professional anxieties and archival omissions, ephemeral archives often constitute a powerful source for counter-histories of a given institution, community, movement, or era. Such materials are imbued with the specific social, and emotional textures of their creators' lives and accordingly, they require a level of familiarity with their context in order to produce useful, meaningful layers of interpretation. Taking as its site of investigation the English country house archive, this article explores an ephemeral collection which offers a radically different history of an institution often perceived as a bastion of patriarchy and privilege, but which has simultaneously been obscured because of its ephemerality. In offering a close reading of a collection that represents working-class and non-heteronormative archival practices and genealogies, I draw from feminist and decolonial approaches to the archive that centre notions of care, slowness, and intentionality and present ways of better understanding, valuing, and making use of ephemeral collections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These notes are based on an ongoing project for building an archive of a premier women's college, Miranda House (established 1948), University of Delhi. We begin with a brief overview of the processes and methodologies involved in identifying materials to shape our collection, discuss processes of cataloguing, digitization, planning digital collections and a website. Our collection lies at the cusp of being an institutional archive, women's archive, archive of college women as well as an archive for doing public history. Despite the challenges of infrastructure, trained staff, technological expertise, digital humanities offer us immensely exciting possibilities. We use social media to reach out to alumni to build our collections, social media presence to showcase our materials, digital tools to widen access, share skills and create awareness regarding the significance of archiving the history of college women. Our attempts at DH have been quite successful. However, as DH opens up a plethora of opportunities, doing digital history also has its methodological challenges as well as conceptual and financial concerns for feminist projects like ours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This column examines the idea and practice of creating community archives through school libraries, and their value to all, particularly marginalized voices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The celibacy of Catholic "women religious", or nuns, presents a dilemma for familiar narratives about the 1960s and 1970s as Australia's "liberation decades". In this article, I analyse an important oral history archive, not previously considered for this purpose, to explain how women religious "made sense" of their sexuality in relation to the social and institutional transformations of this period. I argue that women religious in Australia redefined celibacy as mature heterosexuality, and by doing so, they identified as ordinary women even as they held to their special status within the Catholic Church. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea of 'national heritage' is inseparable from the emergence of the nation-state, democracy, and citizenship. Nationalisation of heritage involved the nation stepping in on behalf of the cultural rights of citizens, and acquiring the ownership of material history from its previous domains of ownership such as monarchy, religion, and colonialism. This paper studies the process of the acquisition of objects for the National Museum of India, New Delhi in the decade that followed India's independence in 1947, in order to trace the varied ways in which a nascent nation-state worked out its equations with pre-existing centres of power. Relying mainly on the archive of the official documents pertaining to the process, this paper tries to understand how the then Government of India negotiated with the erstwhile princely rulers, provincial sentiments, and the British for the ownership of material history. The paper proposes that the project of the National Museum in India was, by extension, a project of nationhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An object without a story offers limited interpretation options to a conscientious museum team. The World Rugby Museum (WRM) houses objects classified as national treasures, such as the Calcutta Cup, but it is also home to a miscellaneous collection related to the history of female participation in rugby union. The newly refurbished WRM is dedicated to telling the multidimensional history of rugby, including women's rugby. However, the gender bias of rugby as a male-dominated sport is reflected in the archives, and some of the female-specific archival sources have yet to be entirely understood. The collaboration between museum and academic partner through a research student allows the rich, but admittedly limited, sources at the WRM to be explored to their full potential, providing opportunities for further interpretation within exhibitions, and to expand the WRM archives regarding the history of women in rugby union. This paper presents three case studies to illustrate the ways in which the WRM is benefitting from a collaborative doctoral research project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a historical analysis to demonstrate the connections and developmental links which emerged between cookbooks and television in Britain after World War II, focused on television broadcasts in the period 1946 and 1976. In this paper, I discuss how early presenters of British television cookery programmes, and their publishers, had vision and marketing skills which enabled links between visual and printed media, and established a pattern of connected cookbook and television production which is taken for granted today. I examine the connected television and publishing careers of three early British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) television cooking pioneers: Marguerite Patten, Philip Harben and Fanny Cradock, who collectively dominated on-screen cooking programmes from the late 1940s until the mid-1970s. By analyzing their cookbooks, particularly their jackets and promotional materials, and interpreting archival research conducted in the BBC Written Archives and other documentary archives, their contributions will be discussed alongside the development of the television-connected cookbook in Britain. I conclude that these television cooks and presenters made a significant contribution on and off our screens during that period which established the connection between television cooking programmes and cookbooks in Britain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Centering on a case of genocide that occurred on Jeju Island, 1947–onward, and the resulting memory politics that unfolded alongside the Jeju Truth and Reconciliation (TR) process in the 2000s, this article provides a novel critique of state-sanctioned reparatory processes in response to state violence. Adopting and revising the subimperialism framework, I challenge the prevalent teleological grammar in representing South Korean history. Rather than assuming a remedial function of the TR, I approach the TR as an epitome of subimperial and necropolitical interplay of power. Subimperialism is primary and perpetual, based upon foundational violence and is concomitant with perpetual death, physical and spiritual in form. I show, drawing from Mbembe, the perpetual operations of necropower (i.e. the destruction of the other's humanity and simultaneous construction of the imperial selfhood), killing the other physically in 1947–1954 and then killing the other in themselves in collective memory in the 2000s. In the first body section, I delineate how foundational the Jeju Genocide was for South Korean subimperialism. I illustrate the way in which necropolitical self-making (of "South" Korean peoplehood) sustained concatenated developments of disciplinary, biopolitical, and sovereign power. The right-wing faction's necropolitics was the centerpiece of the formation of "South" Korean peoplehood, preceding the state's exercise of the aforementioned forms of power. In the second body section, I show how the necropower was embodied by genocide survivors committing mnemonic self-killing in rendering their own history. Under the perpetual necropower, many of the survivors refrained from archiving their own history, despite the Jeju TR programme intended to include the Jeju Islanders' voice. Moreover, even those testifying for the TR reproduced a formulaic anticommunist taxonomy ("communist anti-nationals" versus "anticommunist patriots") that has long excruciated the Jeju Islanders themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1925, the Central Market of Rabat was built at the outskirt of the medina (the old city) by French Colonial powers (1912-1956). Despite being the only element displayed in colonial maps of the medina, and one of Rabat's current landmarks, the history of the market is still unknown. Drawing on the National Moroccan archives and on colonial postcards, the article explores the historical and urban significance of the Central Market for Rabat colonial and postcolonial history. It argues that the market constitutes a unique architectural and urban case for Rabat as it both challenged and reinforced the colonial agenda. Planning principles like the policy of association, the 'image of the city' and the 'dual city' were not only defied by the market, but also by the demolition of the part of the wall in front of it. This revealed the inconsistencies and lack of homogeneity of the colonial approach. Moreover, without the wall, the medina became penetrable by the 'Ville Nouvelle' (New Town). Engaging with the Central Market is significant for the history of colonial planning, but also for today's Rabat identity construction, inscribed in 2012 in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites and elected cultural capital in 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores three themes in the study of science and medicine for a broader understanding of the entanglement of science and society in South Asia and the production of scientific knowledge in local languages. Topics include the interface between European and indigenous knowledge; the role of language in scientific and medical knowledge production; and the continuity and transformation of knowledge traditions under British rule.

This article activates an archive of love letters written during the Second World War, using practice-as-research techniques to explore resilience and intimacy in periods of invasion. Originally found in a cardboard box in the house of the author's deceased grandmother, the correspondence was archived at the Archive for Autobiography in France. It contains one letter for each day of the war between the newly-wed Marguerite and Alfred Bucquet, who was sent to the warfront. Spurred by the invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the archive was activated as part of a seminar on performing memory, hosted by artist-scholar María José Contreras Lorenzini in New York University. In devising an embodied response to the archive, questions on who within a familial lineage can engage with war-trauma arose, leading to reflections on Marianne Hirsch's scholarship on post-memory. Interviews, personal archives and oral recounts allowed the creation of a rich study of the two protagonists, as well as a sense of the zones of oblivion that reside within the second and third generation. This paper also expands on the little-known anglophone scholarship of French scholar and founder of the Archive, Philippe Lejeune, who penned the 'autobiographical pact'. This article engages with Lejeune's ideas of truth-telling within an intimate repertoire and through a close reading of the letters, an opportunity to complexify the 'pact' by reading between the lines of highly mediated recounts of war trauma. This article aims to use memory as a method to engage with the present, generating strategies of resistance and resilience. It emphasizes the importance of the autobiographical archive as a legitimate object of study, and how intimate objects create cartographies of care and persist within the archive a way for the past to be remembered through resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Conference on the History of Records and Archives (ICHORA) has been held since 2003, with the most recent conference, ICHORA10, taking place online in July 2022. The conference aimed to reflect on the centenary of two significant events in recordkeeping history in the UK and Ireland. The conference featured various forms of participation, including short postcards from the past and longer academic presentations. The papers presented at the conference explored the nature of archives and records, highlighting the diversity of perspectives and the importance of historical context. The special issue of the journal includes articles on topics such as recordkeeping pioneers in Malta, recordkeepers in Latin America, and the history of archives in different countries. The conference also raised questions about the unique methods and perspectives involved in studying the history of archives and records. [Extracted from the article]

German historicism continues to be a topic of debate. Even though Eskildsen seems to employ a rather restricted view of historicism, Enlightenment and modernity, this does not diminish the achievement of his concise yet skilfully written and researched study of the Enlightened foundation of modern German historical scholarship. In his introduction, Eskildsen briefly discusses historicism, but he mainly focusses on its implications, which is why he emphasizes the debate in the Weimar period, during which historicism was at its peak and mainly in crisis (6-7). [Extracted from the article]

The body of artworks entitled The Golden Feral Trail emerges out of my journeys tracing the relationship between South Asia and Western Australia (WA). Linked by trade and migration flows since the early 1800s, the trail unfolds along the Gold Rush in WA and the detritus it has left behind. Drawing upon visits to cemeteries, abandoned graves, deserted mining pits, ghost towns as well as on institutional archives, oral histories and personal photo albums in WA, I collected traces of the South Asian cameleers and traders, referred to as 'Afghans'. A shorthand for very diverse nomadic sects found in British records, together with local Wongutha 'Afghans' led British explorers in their gold exploration missions into the outback. This article argues that much has gone feral in the contemporary Australian landscape, including seeds, animals, abandoned mines and mining towns. The Golden Feral Trail – a history of nomadic economy, loss and erasure – runs beneath the Australian red soil. What is left on the surface is landscape phantoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between May 2017 and September 2018, the Staffordshire Record Office and the University of Liverpool ran a collaborative volunteer research project titled Historic Flooding and Drought in Staffordshire, part of the AHRC funded project Learning from the Past — exploring historical archives to inform future activities. As researchers working closely within an archive service alongside staff and closely with volunteers, the Flooding and Drought project presented the opportunity to examine collaboration from multiple perspectives at once — the archive, the researcher or collaborating partner, and the volunteers. This paper argues that while not ideal for all archive volunteer activities (such as cataloguing), such projects can facilitate activities that an archive cannot achieve alone. Moreover, by providing stimulating and challenging activities, collaborations can capture volunteer interest, draw in new volunteers, develop volunteer skills and deepen volunteer loyalty and connection to the archive. Further, by working closely with the volunteers and valuing their experience and skills, the researcher can benefit from the support of those who have an intimate knowledge of the archive and the surrounding area. By fostering these collaborations and relationships, archives can provide valuable support for both their volunteers and researchers that might not otherwise be possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1927 South Africa passed the Immorality Act prohibiting miscegenation. The act was distinctly gendered in its composition and implementation, codifying a double standard against women. The Immorality Act not only policed miscegenation but consensual interracial sex and sex work, tacitly acknowledging that love could exist across racial lines. Almost immediately a pattern emerged where different convictions occurred for the same crime. Men and women were charged separately, resulting in disproportionate prosecution of black women. Courts were hesitant to accept black women's evidence in white men's trials, leading to biased outcomes. This article explores the gendered implementation of the act from 1920 to 1948 using archival documents and newspaper articles. The voices of women are not accurately represented in the colonial archive, and instances of love and intimacy even less so. The article assesses the impact of the act on the creation of South African legal culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines Dominican criollo archive-building during the country's Second Republic (1865–1916). I investigate the 1889 Historical Controversy, a prolonged dispute over the role general Pedro Santana would play in the national mythology, calling attention to the elite's nineteenth-century debates over the meaning of emancipation records and the political value of archive-making. Building on Chelsea Stieber's research on post-independence Haitian writing, I contrast what I call the controversy's "archival wars" to the lives of Rosa Duarte's archive in 1890s periodical culture. I focus on the figure of Federico Henríquez y Carvajal to demonstrate how, after the historical controversy, among criollo intellectuals the normalists routinely collected emancipation records in the press to institutionalize white supremacist nationalist narratives. The two cases reveal how criollo intellectuals pursued Ibero-Americanism on the basis of "fact," thereby opening studies on Caribbean nationalisms to inquiries into elite archival recoveries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During their interviews with the Visual History Archive, hundreds of Holocaust survivors recite poems. This article examines empathy in poetry written and read by two poet-survivors, Martha Osvat and Jacob Rosenberg, as well as empathy in two poems I write after viewing their interviews. Recognizing the dual potential of empathy to help and harm, both the poems the survivors recite and my response poems variously request and refuse empathy in a process I term empathetic dissonance. This academic-creative paper argues that empathy is suspect in the context of the Holocaust and probes the ethical boundaries of approaching another's traumatic experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

JAMES MOORE, High Culture and Tall Chimneys: Art Institutions and Urban Society in Lancashire, 1780-1914: (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2018. Likewise, the way private networks and activity were joined together into institutional forms is an important theme and Moore looks at how and why the personal became public in Lancashire in the late Victorian period. Moore's insightful and well-written history of the development of cultural capital in Lancashire reminds us that stereotypes can be long-lived and destructive and demands that we make a greater effort to explore and understand the histories of culture in places that have been previously overlooked. [Extracted from the article]

This article considers the use of Indigenous counter-networks as a methodology for the research and interpretation of Pacific objects and images in Australian museum collections. A photographic album from the collections of the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery is used as a case study to demonstrate how historical visual materials may be comparatively analysed alongside written archives to excavate Indigenous networks. The article considers the migration of eleven Queensland South Sea Islander (SSI) men to the Australian Territory of Papua (Papua New Guinea) in 1907. It seeks to reinscribe the album with Indigenous presence and perspective, uncovering traces of SSI movement, resistance, and acculturation to colonial society in response to the White Australia policy in Queensland and Papua in the early twentieth-century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document provides a listing of Romanian-language books published between 2015 and 2021 that focus on Jewish history, culture, and experiences in Romania. The books cover a range of topics, including memoirs, forced labor during World War II, translations of Yiddish literature, Jewish philanthropic societies, the Holocaust, and the institutional history of the Jewish community in Romania. These publications offer valuable insights into the Jewish experience in Romania and contribute to the understanding of Jewish identity and integration in Romanian society. [Extracted from the article]

Independent filmmaking is often faced with difficulties. For the team behind San Sabba, the issue resided in the invisibilities embedded in the film's location: a concentration camp within the city of Trieste. This article will explore how and why the writer and director of San Sabba considered Trieste as an archive of multiple histories, memories, and postmemory due to the historical findings the film is based on, and how silenced history informed a phenomenological examination of what a landscape can add to the collective memory. Linking other locations in the city, which contribute to the elucidation of stories and histories deprived of public attention, this article analyses the historical data and considers the ontological qualities of the landscape as an archive where dominant narratives impact the understandings of present and past identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Only since the 2010s have historians become interested in dimensions of the UK's National Health Service (NHS) histories beyond institutional, policy, and political narratives and the seventieth anniversary of the Service in 2018 gave additional impetus to work in this area. This paper argues for the need for a new interpretative framework for NHS histories that better reflects its multiple identities and social meanings. Drawing on a UK-wide programme of work it explores the processes of creating digital archive of NHS history using concepts and methodologies that foreground the institution's social and dynamic nature and are underpinned by a commitment to inclusivity of perspectives and actors. It considers the challenges of working across academic, health, and heritage sectors and the need for historians to adapt to sharing power and agency when working alongside volunteers and interviewees. It concludes that the history produced through these ways of working is rich and insightful and has the potential to reshape historical practice and scholarship around NHS histories and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the politics of queer and transgender visual representation and archiving in relation to the short film Sisters (2003) and related photographs, which were produced in Maputo, Mozambique, by the Danish photographer Ditte Haarløv Johnsen in the early 2000s. Understood as a visual archive, this material represents two people, Ingrácia and Antonieta, and their group of friends, many of whom called themselves manas (sisters), but also variably self-identified as gay men, travestis, and trans. The article chronicles my engagement with this itinerant archive, and with the people who produced it, retracing the biography of these materials as they travelled between Maputo and Johannesburg, where they elicited radically different reactions from local publics and raised critical questions about the politics of in/visibility and representation in Southern Africa. In exploring this case, the article interrogates what forms of queer and transhistorical subjectivities are made visible through the film and related photographs, considering that both the materiality of the camera and the medium of the visual allow for particular modes of self-inscription and archive-making. The article suggests that Sisters engages forms of transhistoricity that cut across time and space to bind trans and queer pasts, presents, and future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liberation movements and the Cold War The Cold War and decolonisation intersected in southern Africa between the 1960s and 1990s. The liberation struggle and the rich sources documenting it have a "broader national significance in South Africa and the world".[30] Ryan Clarke: Navigating NGO records in Zimbabwe The wars of liberation in southern Africa, including the Zimbabwean Second Chimurenga/Rhodesian "bush war" (1966-80), are widely regarded as important proxy wars during the Cold War.[31] However, questions of perspective and agency are important. Positive exceptions are the archives of the African National Congress (ANC) in South Africa, although these collections have been thoroughly sanitised, with sensitive intelligence files and financial files removed, and the archives of the now marginalised United National Independence Party (UNIP) in Zambia.[12] The Pamphlet Collection, however, fills this gap to some extent. [Extracted from the article]

Archives are not straightforward repositories of history. Instead, they authorize which stories are remembered. In this article we apply the insights of cultural geographers and other influential scholars of archives to analyze the political dimensions of archiving activist histories. A small group of antiprison activists produced a personal archive during the 1990s and 2000s documenting brutality behind bars and efforts to dismantle solitary confinement in California prisons. After being deemed too dangerous to be opened to the public by university archivists, and without a permanent home, the papers were at risk of being lost to history. By presenting our work building this archive, we analyze the limitations of institutional libraries and the vital role played by individuals and independent institutions willing to preserve dangerous papers, and we show how preserving histories of state violence and opposition can become a deeply personal and risky endeavor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Council of Tarragona has acquired an unpublished map of the city showing fortifications proposed by the occupying Napoleonic Army during the 1808–1814 Peninsular War but never built. Consequently, the map illustrates a little-known moment in the history of Tarragona not addressed by any material in military archives. The proposed reduction of Tarragona would have cut the upper part of the city into two zones, entirely changing the area's topography. The French strategy was to consolidate the whole city in a way that would more effectively reinforce it and reduce its vulnerability to flank attacks. The map presents a unique, urban example of the important role mapping played in Napoleonic military strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

First, by supporting the United Community of Hungarian Israelites, a small, orthodox organization with a large international network, the government created an authentic, unquestionably Jewish looking representation of Jews in Hungary: men with long beards, black coats, and hats where the large majority of Jews, opposing the government's policies are assimilated. Therefore, the Holocaust narrative did not move from the position that there is one and only truth and did not acknowledge that "truth continue(s) to be a social process that is theoretically mediated."[22] How did the previous truth regime contribute to the post-truth of illiberal memory politics? In addition, the government's politics of memory incorporated a new victim group in the Holocaust narrative: the Romani. In June 2021, the mayor of the small Hungarian village of Hajdúbagos unveiled the statue of Admiral Horthy, praising him as a democrat who "fought equally against communism and fascism.". [Extracted from the article]

Reading these articles though, I found myself looking for clues as to how it was that these authors, separated by many thousands of miles, could take this work in common? In the spirit of full disclosure, one other issue that arose at this point involved the authors of an article feeling discomfort over one of the responses to their work. Process The initial call for participation anticipated that the authors of submitted articles would carry out a process of peer review dialogue with their fellow authors, but when the articles came in at the end of October 2020, I realized a) that I hadn't really thought through this peer review dialogue idea enough and b) that it was a very big ask to ask busy authors who had just submitted a big piece of writing to then do more writing in the form of a peer commentary. [Extracted from the article]

The article explores the archival practice of author Octavia E. Butler wherein she assembled and sorted names by their meaning instead of alphabetically. Topics discussed include Butler's unfinished thesaurus "Fire, Laughter, Emeralds, Rain: A Thesaurus of First Names," Butlers' affinity for specialized reference books from an early age, and her commitment to learning and self-study.

The Birmingham People's History Archive (BPHA) was founded in 2021 with the aim to be a publicly accessible resource on the history of working people in Birmingham and surrounding areas. As a history student at the University of Liverpool, Paul Cooper bought and collected labour movement periodicals, which form the core of the collection. [Extracted from the article]

The KPAP archive is small compared to other museum and gallery archives and these chapters make clear how much work is involved in digitising even a small archive. In 1969, John Kaldor launched the Kaldor Public Art Projects (KPAP) by commissioning the artists Christo and Jeanne-Claude to create a large-scale, site-specific installation. She goes on to reflect on the 50 SP th sp anniversary project which both utilised the archive and the form of the archive to celebrate KPAP, demonstrating how the archive can be used to inspire and create new works. [Extracted from the article]