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The general incorporation laws enacted in Britain and the US in the nineteenth century had strikingly different structures. Whereas British law was laissez-faire in spirit, the American statutes were highly regulatory. The literature on the efficiency of the common law might lead one to expect that these statutory differences would become less salient over time, as businesses litigated their disputes and courts in the two countries came to similar resolutions. However, the authors find that the case law tended, if anything, to accentuate the differences in the statutes. British courts typically enforced whatever arrangements shareholders wrote into their articles of association or otherwise contracted among themselves, so long as the agreements were not contrary to law. In the US, by contrast, courts generally refused to enforce shareholders' agreements that deviated in any significant way from statutory norms. US law would not really begin to converge on British law until the second half of the twentieth century, when states began to enact more flexible general incorporation statutes. By that time, British company law was also becoming more regulatory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many concepts and interpretations on the formation of the Franciscan mélange have been proposed on the basis of exposures at San Simeon, California. In this paper, we show the distribution of chaotic rocks, their internal structures and textures, and the interrelationship between the chaotic rocks and the surrounding sandstones (turbidites). Mélange components, particularly blueschists, oceanic rocks, including greenstone, pillow lava, bedded chert, limestone, sandstone, and conglomerate, have all been brecciated by retrograde deformation. The Cambria Slab, long interpreted as a trench slope basin, is also strongly deformed by fluidization, brecciation, isoclinal folding, and thrusting, leading us to a new interpretation that turbiditic rocks (including the Cambria Slab) represent trench deposits rather than slope basin sediments. These rocks form an accretionary prism above mélanges that were diapirically emplaced into these rocks first along sinistral-thrust faults, and then along dextral-normal faults. Riedel shear systems are observed in several orders of scale in both stages. Although the exhumation of the blueschist blocks is still controversial, the common extensional fractures and brecciation in most of the blocks in the mélanges and further mixture of various lithologies into one block with mélange muddy matrix indicate that once deeply buried blocks were exhumed from considerable depths to the accretionary prism body, before being diapirically intruded with their host mélange along thrust and normal faults, during which retrograde deformation occurred together with retrograde metamorphism. Recent similar examples of high-pressure rock exhumation have been documented along the Sofugan Tectonic Line in the Izu forearc areas, in the Mineoka belt in the Boso Peninsula, and as part of accretionary prism development in the Nankai and Sagami troughs of Japan. These modern analogues provide actively forming examples of the lithological and deformational features that characterize the Franciscan mélange processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the assumption that cognitive processes mediate sexual learning and sexual behavior, it was hypothesized that there would be a positive correlation between self reports of sexual arousability and imagery ability. A positive relationship between imagery ability and introversion was also predicted. The Sexual Arousability Inventory, Betts Questionnaire Upon Mental Imagery (Shortened form), and the Eysenck Personality Inventory were administered to 100 male and 100 female undergraduate students. Males and females reporting greater ability to form clear, vivid images also reported significantly higher sexual arousability. Imagery ability was not related to introversion-extraversion. Female extraverts reported higher sexual arousability than their introverted counterparts. Frequency of coitus and of coital orgasm were significantly related to reports of sexual arousability for males and females. Implications and limitations of the findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated MMPI characteristics of adult female outpatients in a behavior therapy clinic (N = 110). Those reporting histories of childhood sexual or physical abuse or both differed from those who did not on global Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI; Hathaway & McKinley, 1943) indices of psychopathology and on Scales F, K, L, 4, 7, and 8. Subjects reporting abuse also reported high rates of other early traumas: witnessing family violence, parental alcohol abuse, and parental divorce. Physical abuse history was the best predictor of adult maladjustment as assessed by the MMPI. Findings suggest the potential utility of the MMPI for assessing long-range trauma effects and highlight the importance of considering multiple early-risk factors for the development of psychological disturbance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]