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This study presents a tiered conceptualization of family partnership developed by the Family-Run Executive Director Leadership Association (FREDLA) with examples of strategies from the literature. This sub-study was part of an overarching systematic review project that aimed to review the literature on family partnership in relation to youth outcomes. The tiers of family partnership include family involvement (i.e. family's inclusion in their child's care); family engagement (i.e. collaboration between TRC and families); family-driven (i.e. families as full partners). This review included thirty studies (n = 23 family involvement, n = 7 family engagement, n = 0 family-driven). The most common family involvement methods were family therapy and family visits to the program, primarily, delivered face-to-face. The most common family engagement method was activities, therapies, and skill building occurring at the home with family present. Methods of measuring family partnership primarily included the use of administrative data. Implications for research and practice include the provision of research that evaluates the effects of family partnership on outcomes important in the TRC setting and the development of research-practice and family-research collaborations to increase the uptake of effective family partnering methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have suggested that parents with adolescents in residential treatment (RT) may struggle with their own mental health. However, few have comprehensively described parents' mental health using valid and reliable measures and examined parent mental health in reference to other contextual factors that may be intertwined and intervenable. Therefore, the purpose of this exploratory study was to describe the perceived stress, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in parents with adolescents in RT in the United States. This cross-sectional study included a sample of parents (N = 71) with adolescents in RT. On average, parents reported elevated depressive symptoms, moderate stress, mild-to-moderate anxiety symptoms, and subthreshold PTSD symptoms. However, there were differences in mental health based on gender, race, ethnicity, adolescent living location, and adolescent psychiatric diagnoses (e.g., bipolar, depressive, and substance use disorders). Findings provide a more comprehensive description of parents' mental health during the RT admission, underscoring the bidirectionality of parent-adolescent mental health and well-being. Practice Implications Parent mental health screening and treatment may be necessary because of elevated depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress Parent stress is chronically elevated across the treatment trajectory, highlighting the need for parent preparation, support, and stress management Assessment of trauma and social support is needed because PTSD scores were higher in unpartnered parents Parent and adolescent mental health is bidirectional and providing treatment and support to parents benefits adolescents [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accessibility and use of evidence-based mental health treatment are crucial to children and adolescents with mental health and behavioral health disorders. However, there is little known regarding treatment approaches in residential treatment facilities serving children and adolescents. As mental health disorders affect children and adolescents of all sociodemographic backgrounds, it is important to examine and identify differences in treatment approaches. This study's primary objective was to describe the differences in treatment approaches offered by facilities varying in region, ownership (i.e., private nonprofit vs private for-profit/public), Medicaid status, and client factors (i.e., age, gender, race, ethnicity). Data from the 2018 National Mental Health Services Survey (N-MHSS) was analyzed using Cohen's h to examine the differences in treatment approaches by sociodemographic characteristics in 576 residential treatment facilities. The largest differences in treatment approaches varied by the race/ethnicity and the gender of the client population composition. Particularly, psychotropic medication, seclusion, and restraint were more prevalent when the client composition was majority males, African American or Black, or Native American or Alaska Native. Implications for research and practice related to the intersection of sociodemographic and treatment approaches for research and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences and perspectives of mothers with children in residential treatment (RT) regarding parenting, discharge planning, and home-based safety. One-hour interviews were conducted over the phone with 15 mothers. Transcripts were analyzed using a content analysis approach. Three themes were generated including parenting a child in RT, unprepared for discharge, and crisis intervention in the home. This study contributes insight into the lives of an underserved population with implications to inform future research interventions and clinical guidelines to address the needs of families with children in RT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the growing number of family members who provide care to adults with a disability or illness, this study examined differences in coping resources and mental health among family caregivers of persons with various health conditions. Within the context of Ensel and Lin's stress paradigm, 234 family caregivers participated in an online study by completing validated measures of resourcefulness, spiritual practices, caregiver burden, anxiety, and depression. Caregivers were categorized into nine groups according to their care recipient's condition. The groups differed significantly on burden and resourcefulness. Greatest burden and lowest resourcefulness were found in caregivers of persons with traumatic brain injury, stroke, and dementia. Caregivers across all groups were found to be at a similarly high risk for anxiety and depression. These results provide insights for tailoring interventions for caregivers, particularly those whose care recipients have traumatic brain injury, stroke, or dementia, who may benefit from resourcefulness training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study described the frequency of different adverse childhood experience (ACE) types described by women with recent IPV and examined the effects of each ACE type on women's mental health. Over 70% of women reported parental separation or divorce, over 40% reported childhood sexual assault, and around 40% had a mother who was treated violently. Childhood physical abuse and sexual assault were associated with more severe posttraumatic stress disorder or depressive symptoms. Comprehensive interventions that address not only the effects of IPV but also the enduring effects of ACEs are needed to promote mental health for survivors of IPV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pregnancy is a sensitive period of life where mental health is of utmost importance to the mother's and child's well-being peripartum and beyond. To better prevent and treat common mental health conditions such as depressive symptoms and perceived stress (defined in this study to encompass psychological and physiological (heart rate variability (HRV)) dimensions), it is crucial to examine and report differences in mental health outcomes among demographically diverse pregnant women. Therefore, the purpose of this secondary analysis (N = 79) was to determine if there are differences in mental health outcomes between pregnant women who differ across demographic factors, as well as to determine if demographic factors predict mental health outcomes when controlling for other demographic variables. Findings indicate that there were significant differences in depressive symptoms and perceived stress by all demographic factors except age. Marital status and total household income were the only significant predictors of depressive symptoms and perceived stress, respectively, when all other factors were controlled. There were no significant differences or correlations between demographic variables and HRV. Pregnant women may be predisposed to adverse mental health outcomes, illustrating the need for more refined interventions that are sensitive to pre-existing factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stress in pregnancy is an exceedingly common issue that impacts the mother's mental health and the health of her baby. Yet, women with a supportive network of friends and family may experience lower stress and improved mental health. Therefore, the aims of this secondary analysis were to (a) examine relationships between stress experiences (i.e. perceived stress, pregnancy-specific stress) and indicators of mental health (i.e. absence of depressive symptoms and resourcefulness), (b) determine the effects of social support on stress experiences and indicators of mental health, and (c) determine if social support mediates the relationship between stress experiences and indicators of mental health. A convenience sample of 82 women in their second and third trimester of pregnancy participated in the parent study. Findings indicate that stress experiences were moderately correlated with indicators of mental health and social support predicted stress experiences and indicators of mental health. All social support mediation models were not significant with the exception of social support mediating the relationship between pregnancy-specific stress and resourcefulness. This was the first study to investigate the mediating role of social support on the relationship between pregnancy-specific stress and resourcefulness. Pregnant women may benefit from social support interventions to meaningfully reduce their stress and promote mental health. Such interventions may be physical activity, group prenatal care, or even peripartum home visits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the six critical parameters for evaluating interventions, including necessity, acceptability, feasibility, safety, fidelity, and effectiveness, of a heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback training intervention in a sample of 20 grandmothers who were the primary caregivers of their grandchildren. After the grandmothers completed the HRV biofeedback training, they answered open-ended questions to provide data on the six parameters during face-to-face interviews. The findings of the study provided evidence for the necessity, acceptability, feasibility, safety, fidelity, and effectiveness of the HRV biofeedback intervention for reducing the stress experienced by grandmothers in raising their grandchildren. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]