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Dyslipidemia is a major cause of early coronary heart disease (CHD). Low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), remnant cholesterol (remnant-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) have all been shown to be associated with risk of CHD. We aimed to compare the association of these lipid fractions with age at first myocardial infarction(MI). Design. Multicenter study of consecutive patients hospitalized with a first MI. Linear regression models were used to assess the independent association of LDL-C, remnant-C and HDL-C with age at first MI. Results. The study included 1744 patients. In univariate analyses, LDL-C, remnant-C, and HDL-C were all significantly associated with age at first MI. However, in multivariate analyses only LDL-C [−2.5 years (95%CI: −3.1 to −1.8) per 1 SD increase] and to a lesser extent remnant-C [−0.9 years (95% CI: −1.5 to −0.3)] continued to be associated with age of MI, while HDL-C [0.5 years (95%CI: −0.2 to 1.2)] was not. Conclusions. LDL-C is the lipid fraction strongest associated with younger age of presentation of first MI. These results support the importance of controlling and treating LDL-C in prevention of premature MI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper utilizes an international context and revisits the findings which argue that the positive relation between book-to-market ratio and future equity returns is driven by historical changes in firm size in the US. After confirming these results in the US setting both in the original and a more recent sample period, we find that they do not hold in regions outside the US. In the international sample, book-to-market ratio has a significantly positive relation with future equity returns even after changes in firm size are controlled for in regression analyses. This positive relation is again visible when the orthogonal component of book-to-market ratio (which is independent of changes in firm size) is used as a sorting variable in portfolio analyses. Country-level analyses confirm the findings from regional analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]