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The article presents a case study of 62-year-old Japanese woman was diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) refractory anemia. It notes that the patient was diagnosed with alloimmune hemolysis and prolonged red blood cell (RBC) transfusion was needed. The article mentions that the patient was administered with azacitidine, however, her MDS progressed to acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

This document discusses the prevalence and risk factors of polypharmacy among disease-free survivors of adults after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). The study found that 29% of adult survivors of allogeneic HCT were in a polypharmacy situation, with factors such as age over 55 years, duration from HCT exceeding 8 years, and the presence of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) being associated with polypharmacy. The study emphasizes the importance of monitoring and managing polypharmacy in allogeneic post-transplant survivors, particularly in elderly patients and those with chronic GVHD. Another article by a group of authors explores the topic of genetic mutations in cancer cells, highlighting the significance of understanding these mutations for targeted cancer therapies. The article discusses the challenges in identifying and analyzing these mutations and the potential benefits of advanced technologies in this field. It provides a comprehensive overview of current research and advancements in the study of genetic mutations in cancer. [Extracted from the article]

This DNA damage is repaired by DNA repair genes, such as the base excision repair (BER) pathway. The conditioning regimen used for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) must eradicate residual tumor cells and provide sufficient immunosuppression to facilitate donor engraftment. Further studies are warranted to clarify the development of chronic GVHD induction by a number of variant alleles of the BER pathway in patients undergoing CBT. [Extracted from the article]

Comparative studies between total body irradiation (TBI)-based and busulfan-based myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimens for cord blood transplantation (CBT) have been limited. We retrospectively analyzed the results of single-unit CBT in 333 adult patients who received either TBI-based (n = 258) or busulfan-based (n = 75) MAC regimens at our institute. After adjusting for significant variables in the univariate analysis, there were no significant differences in neutrophil recovery (hazard ratio (HR), 0.88; p =.460), grade III–IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (HR: 1.40, p =.410), extensive chronic GVHD (HR: 0.73, p =.380), relapse (HR: 0.61, p =.270), non-relapse mortality (HR: 1.38, p =.420), overall survival (HR: 1.18, p =.637), or event-free survival (HR: 1.08, p =.773), although platelet recovery was lower with marginal significance for the busulfan-based regimen (HR: 0.67, p =.068). In subgroup analysis, TBI-based regimens were superior to busulfan-based regimens in terms of survival for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, but not for myeloid malignancies. Further investigation is warranted even for CBT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vancomycin (VCM) is frequently used for neutropenic patients undergoing cord blood transplantation (CBT). We retrospectively examined the relationship between VCM trough levels and the efficacy and toxicity in 122 adult patients undergoing CBT in our institute. The median initial dose of VCM based on body weight was 9.1 mg/kg/dose (range, 6.0–22.6 mg/kg/dose). The median initial trough level of VCM for all patients was 4.50 µg/mL (range, 1.20–24.05 µg/mL), at a median of 3 days (range, 2–6 days) after VCM administration. The cumulative incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) was 19% at 30 days after VCM administration. A higher median trough level of VCM during the first 7 days was significantly associated with the development of AKI in the multivariate analysis (Hazard ratio: 1.28, p =.026). These data suggest that a lower VCM trough level may be safe in adult patients undergoing CBT under therapy with nephrotoxic drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, we retrospectively analyzed the results of myeloablative single-unit CBT in adult patients with FLT3-ITD SP + sp and FLT3-ITD SP - sp AML and clarified whether FLT3-ITD remains a prognostic factor in CBT. There were no significant differences between patients with or without FLT3-ITD, except that the proportion of poor cytogenetics was significantly higher in patients without FLT3-ITD than with FLT3-ITD ( I p i = .011). The cumulative incidence of relapse at 3 years was 37% (95% CI: 7-69%) for FLT3-ITD+ patients and 35% (95% CI: 15-56%) for FLT3-ITD- patients (g). [Extracted from the article]

The article presents a case study of 34-year-old Japanese man diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome. Topics discussed include effect of myeloablative single-unit cord blood transplantation in adult acute myeloid leukemia, donor–recipient mixed chimerism status observed in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation following myeloablative conditioning, and conditioning regimen consisted of irradiation, cyclophosphamide and colony-stimulating factor combined with cytarabine.