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Auditory Verbal Hallucinations (AVH) are a hallmark of psychosis, but affect many other clinical populations. Patients' understanding and self-management of AVH may differ between diagnostic groups, change over time, and influence clinical outcomes. This study aimed to explore patients' understanding and self-management of AVH in a young adult clinical population. 35 participants were purposively sampled from a youth mental health service. Participants completed diary and photo-elicitation tasks, and the resulting materials were discussed at in-depth interviews. Themes were derived using conventional content analysis. Three themes emerged. (1) Searching for answers, forming identities – voice-hearers sought to explain their experiences, resulting in the construction of identities for voices and themselves. Explanations were drawn from participants' life-stories and belief-systems. (2) Coping goals – patients' self-management strategies were diverse, reflecting the diverse negative experience of AVH, e.g. as distressing sounds, overwhelming emotions, or as threats to agency. (3) Outlook – participants formed an overall outlook on their life with AVH. Resignation and hopelessness in connection with disabling AVH are contrasted with "acceptance" or integration, described as positive, ideal, or mature. Trans-diagnostic commonalities in understanding and self-management of AVH are highlighted. These offer targets for individual therapies and further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the principles of implementation science ought to be incorporated into ethics research. Topic include the challenge has been to explore methodologies that integrate empirical and ethical analysis, in a way that "respects the sound empirical point that facts and values are not distinct in practice, but that also does not fall foul of the is/ ought problem as defined in philosophical terms" (Ives and Draper, 2009, 254).

The article reports on the innovative practice in healthcare which is based on evidence, experience, and judgment. Topics discussed focuses on surgical practice endovascular and techniques in neurosurgery; mentions the standard surgical procedures that modified to in patient anatomy; and information on to protect patient safety and protect surgeons and the impact of innovations.

The article compares standard questionnaire-based evaluation with nominal group technique (NGT) in higher education setting. It mentions that module evaluation is important for the purpose of external and internal quality assurance and to monitor and improve the student experience. Standard evaluation tended to generate short answers while NGT allowed in-depth exploration of students' views and provided ways to enhance learning, negotiate, and propose shared solutions to any conflicting views.

In this paper we argue that there are few morally acceptable justifications for a man to seek a paternity test. The relationship between material responsibility and the burdens generated by the creation of a needy child, means it is not unreasonable for a man to establish that he is responsible for the creation of a child before accepting this financial responsibility. Some men embrace fatherhood irrespective of their involvement in the children's creation and in the absence of a genetic relationship. Others feel differently. Given that parenting is a life-long commitment it is reasonable for those for whom genetics matters to request a paternity test prior to making this commitment. Once a man has become a (moral) father there is no justification for initiating paternity testing, save in the interests of the child. Where the child's interest in knowing his/her genetic origins is unclear we argue this is a decision that can be left for the child to make for him/herself when he/she is sufficiently mature. There is no justification for performing infidelity testing on a child. Because fatherhood is not contingent on genetic relatedness, suspicion of misattributed paternity is no justification for paternity testing. The justifications for, and problems with, paternity testing suggest that it is something men should seek antenatally, at birth or not at all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field experiments presented here investigated the required thickness of wood waste materials used as a mulch to protect a soil slope against erosion. Each of the materials was subjected to large-scale erosion control testing at a field site with a slope of 1 vertical to 2 horizontal. Fourteen test cells (5′ W x 30′ L each) were prepared with different wood waste treatments; nine contained erosion control mulch applications at thicknesses of 3/4 to 3 inch. Two cells were left untreated as reference cells and three other cells were untreated but contained erosion control structures including wood waste filter berm, geosynthetic silt fence and hay bale silt barrier. The erosion control performance of each cell treatment was evaluated for 11 storm events of varying rainfall magnitude and intensity. Calibrated tipper buckets were used to measure the runoff from each cell and collection buckets were used to sample runoff and determine the mass of sediment eroded from each cell. Total rainfall and intensity of each storm was measured with an electronic rain gauge. The results showed that 0.75 inches of wood waste material is sufficient to reduce the erosion to levels below commonly used treatments. Using thicker applications of wood waste did not reduce the erosion much below that obtained with 0.75 inches. This effect was demonstrated with three different wood waste materials. In addition, one of the wood wastes (paper mill wood waste) was used as a filter berm to control eroded soil particles. The behavior of this berm was compared to standard methods of controlling these particles such as hay bales and geosynthetic silt fence, and found superior. Laboratory tests are planned to quantify the properties of wood waste that produce good filtering action in berms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article the authors discuss the difference between empirical facts and normative ethical analysis in a social constructivist aspect. They argue that the nature of empirical research, especially in considering the relationship between philosophy and the social sciences, must be discussed in the development of empirical bioethics. They also believe that questioning the possibility of obtaining empirical data that reveals "how something is" is needed to discover "how something ought to be."

The article focuses on how the National Health Service (NHS) employees respond to pandemic influenza. It notes that they view pandemic response just like the response that prevailed in Great Britain during the World War II, which is often referred as the Dunkirk Spirit or the Blitz spirit. Furthermore, healthcare workers recognize the consequences of social distancing but they are more focused on providing the necessities of life. It states that religious gatherings are also avoided.