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Azacitidine (AZA) treatment prolongs overall survival (OS) in higher-risk MDS patients compared with conventional care regimens (CCR): results of the AZA-001 phase III study. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) primarily affects older adults, for whom lower intensity therapies, such as the hypomethylating agents (HMAs) azacitidine and decitabine, or best supportive care have often been selected. In arm B, three patients had an FLT3-ITD mutation and died within 28 days of therapy initiation, one patient with FLT3-ITD mutation was randomized to the azacitidine alone arm. The study was closed prematurely after an observed excess early mortality in arm B, where six patients (24%) died within 28 days of initiating therapy versus one patient (4%) in arm A ( I p i = 0.098). [Extracted from the article]

3 SP a sp TEAEs reported during the 6-day study period from the start of the first CPX-351 infusion on Day 1 through 1 day after the last infusion (Day 6). 4 SP b sp Subsequent list includes all individual TEAEs reported in >10% of patients. Patients were observed for the first 6 days of the first CPX-351 induction cycle, from Day 1 of treatment until 1 day after the last infusion (Day 6), although patients may have received subsequent treatment at their physician's discretion. In a CPX-351 US early access program in patients with newly diagnosed high-risk/secondary AML, 1 of 52 (2%) patients experienced an infusion-related reaction (data on file). Another patient discontinued at their physician's discretion on Day 6 after receiving 2 CPX-351 doses due to a general decline with multiple adverse events that were not improving; the patient subsequently died on Day 10. [Extracted from the article]

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal hematopoietic disorders characterized by bone marrow failure which frequently progress to acute myeloid leukemia. Patients who fail to respond to, or progress on first-line DNA hypomethylating agents (HMA) have a poor prognosis. Conventionally dosed lenalidomide has activity in 5q-MDS. In other subtypes, it may reduce RBC transfusion requirements but does not result in cytogenetic responses. We previously reported that high-dose lenalidomide induction (50 mg/day) results in complete remissions in a high fraction of patients. We, therefore, conducted a Phase 2 trial of the same regimen in MDS refractory to HMA. Marrow complete remissions were seen in 33% of patients and hematological improvement in 8% of patients. Significant infections complicated more than 50% of cases. Future trials to explore alternative dosing schedules of high-dose lenalidomide to increase efficacy while decreasing toxicity are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A letter to the editor is presented on the study regarding the effectiveness of carfilzomib drug for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment.