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Surfers both cooperate and compete around a scarce natural resource – ocean waves suited for surfing – often with a fraught mix of motives and feelings, pro-social and anti-social. Much as surfers constantly adapt to a dynamic wave environment, their pro- and anti-social motives readily mix and shift, based on their interpretation of quickly changing context. What we learn from surfers is something materialistic focus on self-interest and realities of scarcity or abundance might de-emphasize or miss: a culture of interpretation and reasoning (e.g. 'localism') is as important in the formation of shifting pro- and anti-social attitudes as the material reality of wave scarcity or abundance itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first text is a biography of James Arthur Harley, a mixed-race man who became a prominent figure in the Church of England. It explores his education, challenges, and contributions to the church and his community. The second text is a book review of "A History of Scotland's Landscapes," which provides a comprehensive exploration of Scotland's land use history. The reviewer notes that while the book is well-produced, some aspects of Scotland's landscape history are not given enough emphasis. The third text is a book review of "Asylum: Inside Grangegorman," which sheds light on the challenges faced by patients and staff in providing care for the mentally ill at the Richmond Asylum in Dublin. [Extracted from the article]

AbstractThe discussion and debates surrounding the robot rights topic demonstrate vast differences in the possible philosophical, ethical, and legal approaches to this question. Without top-down guidance of mutually agreed upon legal and moral imperatives, the public’s attitudes should be an important component of the discussion. However, few studies have been conducted on how the general population views aspects of robot rights. The aim of the current study is to provide a new measurement that may facilitate such research. A Robot Rights and Responsibilities (RRR) scale is developed and tested. An exploratory factor analysis reveals a multi-dimensional construct with three factors—robots’ rights, responsibilities, and capabilities—which are found to concur with theoretically relevant metrics. The RRR scale is contextualized in the ongoing discourse about the legal and moral standing of non-human and artificial entities. Implications for people’s ontological perceptions of machines and suggestions for future empirical research are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prison farms are common programs within correctional services; however, knowledge is limited regarding the agricultural prison industry. As a starting point for further study and policy development, we conducted a scoping review to map knowledge on the industry. The results show many publications focused on the agricultural prison industry were outdated, United States-based, and/or non-original research. Findings reveal agricultural positions tend to be filled by prisoners with pre-existing work skills and relatively low support needs and agricultural positions are not necessarily driven by market demands. Findings also show prisoners experience a lack of workplace protections, such as workers’ compensation, the ability to unionize, and adequate workplace safety and hazardous materials training. Yet, a purported benefit of agricultural programs was improved food security for prisoners. Other finds show there is a predominant focus on self-sufficiency and cost-savings for prisons in the face of inadequate or worsening budgets but limited available data quantifies relationship, prison farms shift from being rehabilitative-focused to profit-driven over a certain amount of acres. We conclude by identifying gaps in the literature on the agricultural prison industry and listing areas of future inquiry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable, airborne infection caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is the most common presentation, although infection can spread anywhere to cause extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). In this paper, a novel fractional order mathematical model is designed for the transmission dynamics of tuberculosis. Uninfected vulnerable individuals are categorized into the following: susceptible with underline ailment and susceptible without underline ailment. The research seeks to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the proposed model and suggests comprehensive intervention measures for the control of tuberculosis among individuals with underline ailment. Some of the major highlights from the numerical investigation points out that TB vaccination is key to reducing the spread of TB among individuals with underline ailment. Furthermore, efforts to step down the spread of TB through awareness campaigns could significantly reduce the burden of the disease among individuals with co-morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractBackground: The current gold standard of scoliosis correction procedures is still posterior spinal fusion, an extensively studied procedure. anterior vertebral body tethering is a newer surgical technique for the correction of scoliotic curves. Consequently, best practices have yet to be determined.Methods: A single-institution, retrospective, review of all patients diagnosed with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis who underwent two row anterior vertebral body tethering between June 2020 and April 2022 was performed.Results: Over the study period, 95 patients met inclusion: 79 females (83.2%) and 16 males (16.8%), age 14.4 ± 2.5 years, with a body mass index of 20.0 ± 2.9, and an average of 8.4 ± 2.1 levels treated. 28 (29.5%) procedures were for double curves and 67 (70.5%) for single curves. After tethering, a chest tube was positioned in each corrected side. A total of 123 chest tubes were analyzed, including 67 single curves and 28 double curves. Average chest tube duration was 2.5 ± 1.1 days and average length of stay was 5.0 ± 2.0 days. Average chest tube output eight hours prior to removal was 61.1 ± 45.6 mL. There was no significant difference in average length of stay for patients who underwent correction of a single curve versus a double curve nor was there a difference in average length of stay or chest tube duration for revisions compared to primary procedures. For the entire cohort, 30-day emergency department visit rate was 7.4% (n = 7) and readmission rate was 4.2% (n = 4).Conclusions: This early review of a 2-year two row vertebral body tethering postoperative experience provides a report of a safe and effective approach to chest tube management at a single academic center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractTo quantify the clinical unmet need of r/r MCL patients who progress on a covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi), we conducted a systematic review to identify studies that reported overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), or response outcomes of patients who received a chemo(immunotherapy) ± targeted agent standard therapy (STx) or brexucabtagene autoleucel (brexu-cel) in the post-BTKi setting. Twenty-six studies (23 observational; three trials) reporting outcomes from 2005 to 2022 were included. Using two-stage frequentist meta-analyses, the estimated median PFS/OS for patients treated with an STx was 7.6 months (95% CI: 3.9–14.6) and 9.1 months (95% CI: 7.3–11.3), respectively. The estimated objective response rate (ORR) was 45% (95% CI: 34–57%). For patients treated with brexu-cel, the estimated median PFS/OS was 14.9 months (95% CI: 10.5–21.0) and 32.1 months (95% CI: 25.2–41.2), with a pooled ORR of 89% (95% CI: 86–91%). Our findings highlight a significant unmet need for patients whose disease progresses on a covalent BTKi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How does the goal of achieving net zero emissions by 2050 influence our understanding of green industrial policy? While industrial policy has moved to the forefront of climate debates, the literature provides conflicting messages about good practices for developing and implementing it effectively. By reviewing key theoretical perspectives informing research on green industrial policy and key reports that model a net-zero future, we argue that looking through a net-zero lens clarifies some of these debates and underscores the need for a politically sensitive understanding of the role of the state in the economy. This article contributes to the literature by taking a holistic perspective on the politics of green industrial policy and identifying promising policy guidelines in building a prosperous net zero economy by 2050. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Milton Friedman is widely considered the intellectual father of the school choice movement. While Friedman deserves much credit, Father Virgil Blum stands out as an influential figure in the nascent school choice movement. Using archival research, this paper examines Blum’s contributions to the movement. From his 1954 doctoral dissertation, which made the legal case for funding religious schools, to his 1958 book, Freedom of Choice in Education, and his decades-long career as a professor, Blum was a tireless advocate for educational freedom. While Friedman made the market argument, Blum made the legal, moral, and religious freedom arguments for school choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveBackgroundMethodsResultsConclusions\nHighlightThis study sought to investigate if the constructs measured by the MAB II and the MicroCog are related. The similarity of two tests designed using two theories was examined.Distinctions between tests of general cognitive ability (g) versus specific abilities (s) have been investigated for over a century. The Multidimensional Aptitude Battery used the individual differences psychometric approach while the MicroCog used a brain-behavior relationships approach. The authors of the tests claim they measure differing constructs based on differing theories; individual differences versus brain-behavior relations.Both tests were administered to 10,612 participants. Correlations suggested the tests shared a common source of variance for the constructs measured. Confirmatory factor analyses established this and established a hierarchical structure with g at the apex. The test designed to measure specific abilities (MicroCog) measured a single factor, g.Although different theories underlie their respective construction methods, results indicated the two tests measured much in common; that is, two theories, one outcome.Despite the assertions of the publishers of the two tests of differences, practitioners gain little by using both tests as they both measure the same constructs. Two tests were modeled that used different development approaches.Psychometric theory versus brain-behavior relationship theory.The sample was large with n = 10,612 administer both tests.Factors of the two tests were strongly correlated and greatly influenced by g.Despite differing theories, each measured psychometric g in similar amounts.Two tests were modeled that used different development approaches.Psychometric theory versus brain-behavior relationship theory.The sample was large with n = 10,612 administer both tests.Factors of the two tests were strongly correlated and greatly influenced by g.Despite differing theories, each measured psychometric g in similar amounts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jim Pennington is a printer and small press publisher who trained at London's North-Western Polytechnic and the London College of Printing. Over the course of his long career, he has worked as a print room and production manager first for the British Safety Council (1971–75) then for the anti-poverty charity War on Want (1975–79) and then for the Lithosphere Printing Co-operative (1979–1991), among others. In parallel, Pennington ran Aloes Books, the influential small press he established with the poets Allen Fisher and Dique Miller. Aloes Books has published key works by Kathy Acker, Thomas Pynchon and William Burroughs, among many others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has highlighted men and women from black ethnic groups are more likely to be diagnosed with poor mental health and may have difficulty recognising experiences as such, due to perceptions of stigma and culturally defined attributions of distress. The aim of this research was to explore how black ethnic groups experience mental distress and find meaning in their experiences according to cultural heritage. Semi-structured interviews with four participants and an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis were conducted. Findings describe an awareness of cultural stigma relating to mental health, emotional distance impacting disclosure within the family, mental health as a misunderstood concept and feelings of empowerment through acceptance and supported disclosure. Whilst cultural heritage was important for developing awareness and understanding of stigma, attributed meanings of mental distress were individualistic. Awareness of how stigmatic cultural conceptualisations are generationally represented and systemically maintained is vital to understanding how people from black ethnic groups experience mental distress. Clinical implications are discussed to explore how the socio-cultural and mental health needs of this population can be met. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a method for Bayesian structural equation modeling of sample correlation matrices as correlation structures. The method transforms the sample correlation matrix to an unbounded vector using the matrix logarithm function. Bayesian inference about the unbounded vector is performed assuming a multivariate-normal likelihood, with a mean based on the transformed model-implied correlation matrix, and a covariance assumed to be of known form. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we examine the performance of the method with normal and ordinal indicators, as well as the capacity of the method to estimate models that account for misspecification. The performance of the approach is often adequate suggesting that the proposed method can be used for Bayesian analysis of correlation structures. We conclude with a discussion of potential applications of the approach, as well as future directions needed to further develop the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this essay I examine a cluster of new scholarship that focuses on the future of human rights in an age of existential risk. Focusing on two issues—climate change and autonomous weapons—I make two arguments. First, the optimists who believe our current institutions are ready for the challenges facing us are wrong. Second, the pessimists who believe our current institutions will succeed only if they radically change are not being pessimistic enough. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity in the United States has risen to 42 percent of its adult population and is similarly problematic in many other countries. Although the U.S. government has provided education on healthy eating and the need to exercise regularly, behavioral obesity treatments have largely failed to sustain reductions in weight. Self-regulation, and the incorporation of exercise for its psychological impacts on eating, has sometimes been targeted. While there has been sporadic investigation into the carry-over of exercise-related self-regulation to eating-related self-regulation, the present aim is to further inquiry in that area to inform future treatment content for improved effects. Women enrolled in community-based obesity treatments with either a self-regulation (n = 106) or education (n = 54) focus were assessed on changes in exercise- and eating-related self-regulation, negative mood, completed exercise, and weight. Improvements were significantly greater in the self-regulation-focused group. After controlling for initial change in eating-related self-regulation, change in that measure from Month 3 to 6 was significantly predicted by change in exercise-related self-regulation during the initial 3 treatment months. This suggested a carry-over effect. A stronger predictive relationship was associated with the self-regulation-focused treatment. In further analyses, paths from changes in exercise→negative mood→self-regulation of both exercise and eating were significant. Increase in eating-related self-regulation was significantly associated with weight loss over 6, 12, and 24 months. The self-regulation-focused group had stronger relationships, again. Findings suggested utility in targeting exercise-related self-regulation to impact later change in eating-related self-regulation, and the use of exercise-associated mood improvement to bolster participants' self-regulation capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiencing existing spaces and designed environments, as well as engaging with their possibilities and production, is fundamental to students' learning in construction and built environments disciplines. Site visits serve a range of learning objectives, and offer a place and a mode to practice professional expertise. The major dislocation of learning and teaching precipitated by COVID-19 required reimagining these authentic and valuable site experiences. This article explores the design of virtual site visits (VSVs) through the lens of teaching activities and learning aims, and describes a VSV typology developed through a phenomenographic approach. The typology draws on exemplars and related interviews with designers and educators from across a built environments faculty of a comprehensive Australian university. It distinguishes between those developed to inspire and contextualize; those that demonstrate or demarcate; and those that ground abstract experiences via specific locations. This work suggests complementary roles for virtual and physical site visits within hybrid and flexible learning environments, even while much teaching returns to campus. It is relevant to academic developers who seek to frame the use of VSVs through learning rather than technical lenses, and all educators who aim to incorporate site experiences for student learning ... wherever they are. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Authentic assessment is a widely discussed concept in higher education, but it has a problem: the concept has become so all-encompassing that its meaning is now unclear. The notion has been expanded and diluted. For example, adding social justice to the definition or positioning exams as authentic, adds to the contradictions inherent within in the term. We argue for a more critical stance regarding the existing claims related to authentic assessment to ensure that the field remains evidence informed. From a position where we wholeheartedly believe in the aims and approaches of the authentic assessment movement, we conclude that for the sake of coherence and clarity, we should stop using the term ‘authentic assessment’ and instead turn our attention to focus on the component characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frequently referred to as 'sexting' or 'amateur pornography', digital sexual images and videos form an increasingly common part of adult sexual relationships. However, the vocabulary available to speak about these practices is limited, with 'sexting' often associated with young people in negative terms. This study is based on 23 interviews with adults in Australia who are 25 years and older. It explores the language adults employ to discuss and comprehend the creation and sharing of sexualised images and videos. Findings show that negative or positive connotations associated with the terms used to discuss sexual images and videos influenced the ways participants drew on, or rejected, terms to align digital practices with their sexual subjectivity. Reticence to engage in active communication about digital sexual practices, and participant's distancing of their own practices from the terms commonly understood to refer to such practices, made it difficult to engage in conversations about consent or desire in the context of digitally mediated sex. Findings provide insight into the ways that -digital sexual subjectivities are discursively framed and extend these implications for sexual health promotion with respect to how to frame messages of digital sexual safety in a sex-positive and open way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the impact of message length and audience's perceived information overload on the effectiveness of a fact-check in reducing belief in fake news within the COVID-19 vaccination context. Through an online experiment (N = 374) conducted in Singapore, we found an interaction effect between one's level of information overload and the type of fact-check that was being shown (short, medium, or long). The findings from this study help to extend the literature on the effectiveness of fact-checks in reducing general public's belief in fake news. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper advances debates at the intersection of geographies of children, youth and families, digital geographies, and geographies of home. We argue that social, seasonal and limited time are vitally important for understanding the new landscape between gaming and gambling and have wider analytical purchase for geographers. This paper reveals parenting practices connected to the multi-billion-dollar industry of paid-for currency in digital games used to access gambling style systems and chance-based mechanisms such as loot boxes. We use this timely example to develop new digital geographies of home from original interviews with families based in England on their everyday lived experiences of gambling-style systems in digital games as well as data from video ethnographies with children and young people and interviews with international game designers. This paper challenges current understandings by examining how parents make sense of gambling-related harms and demonstrates the spatial and temporal dynamics of purchasing decisions, rules, and associated conflicts in domestic space. We argue these systems in digital games shape and are shaped by family geographies. This paper concludes by outlining its relevance for the social and health sciences at a time of intense legislative interest in the increasingly blurred space between gaming and gambling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Each year, adverse events are reported in healthcare, of which many relate to healthcare workforce cognitive bias. The active involvement of workforce and consumers in the review and co-design of effective training for the healthcare workforce to recognise, monitor, and manage unconscious bias is required. We used participatory action research to co-design an innovative, interprofessional simulation based on 'real world' clinical incidents and lived experiences to improve the delivery of safe, high quality, consumer-focused healthcare. Following ethics approval, content analysis of serious adverse patient safety events involving cognitive bias was conducted. These data informed audio-recorded interviews with the healthcare workforce and consumers to explore their experiences of cognitive bias. Following thematic analysis, key themes of communication, stigma, diagnostic overshadowing, and fragmented systems were uncovered. Guided by consumers, these themes were interwoven into a simulation scenario that included real places, stories, and verbatim quotes delivered through mixed media artefacts. This heightened the immersive and experiential learning that aimed to uncover unconscious bias and help learners recognise its impact on clinical decisions and practice. To our knowledge, this is the first interprofessional, co-designed simulation to specifically address cognitive bias in current and future healthcare workforce. Plans to translate this research into a practical framework on how to work with key stakeholders (including consumers) to identify 'real-world' health service risks and co-design targeted simulations to address these gaps are described, including lessons learned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaborations between basic science educators (BE) and clinical educators (CE) in medical education are common and necessary to create integrated learning materials. However, few studies describe experiences of or processes used by educators engaged in interdisciplinary teamwork. We use the lens of boundary crossing to explore processes described by BE and CE that support the co-creation of integrated learning materials, and the impact that this work has on them. We conducted qualitative content analysis on program evaluation data from 27 BE and CE who worked on 12 teams as part of a multi-institutional instructional design project. BE and CE productively engaged in collaboration using boundary crossing mechanisms. These included respecting diverse perspectives and expertise and finding efficient processes for completing shared work that allow BE and CE to build on each other's contributions. BE and CE developed confidence in connecting clinical concepts with causal explanations, and willingness to engage in and support such collaborations at their own institutions. BE and CE report the use of boundary crossing mechanisms that support collaboration in instructional design. Such practices could be harnessed in future collaborations between BE and CE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United States faces an impending crisis in primary care physician shortages, while Physician Associates (PAs) and Nurse Practitioners (NPs) are poised to help bridge the gap. This manuscript explores a groundbreaking solution: introducing a clinical doctorate program tailored to PAs and NPs, designed to equip them with the knowledge and skills to assume leadership roles in primary care. Unlike traditional medical education, this innovative approach allows these professionals to continue their clinical practice while advancing their education, addressing the workforce shortage and the need for advanced leadership within the primary care landscape. This comprehensive curriculum includes intensive didactic coursework, residency-like training, credentialing examinations, and research opportunities, positioning PAs and NPs as critical contributors to the future of primary care. By recognizing their untapped potential and investing in their advanced education, we can elevate the quality and accessibility of primary care, ensuring that healthcare delivery reaches new heights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing rates of depression, anxiety, substance use, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among college students were exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This report describes how components of the Johns Hopkins Suicide Prevention Awareness, Response and Coordination (JH-SPARC) Project aligned with a multi-faceted strategy for suicide prevention. Key programs included suicide screening, gatekeeper trainings, and the use of third-party mental health services. Regarding suicide screening outcomes, staff sent 36,148 individual emails inviting students and trainees to participate in stress and depression screening. This approach garnered 2,634 responses and connected 130 students to care, 66 of whom (50.8%) indicated suicidal thoughts, plans, or behaviors. We estimate this screening cost $2.97 per student. Important lessons included the reliance on virtual platforms and the need to coordinate efforts across multiple campuses. Our manuscript provides an example of a transferable strategy for suicide prevention on college campuses in the pandemic era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young people with intellectual disabilities (ID) are at an increased risk for experiencing mental health issues compared to their peers without disabilities. Further, there are limited resources available to help accurately assess mental health disorders and that are accessible for adolescents with ID. This paper describes the iterative development and pilot testing of the Diagnostic Interview for Adolescents and Adults with Intellectual Disabilities (DIAAID). The authors utilized Evidence Center Design and Universal Design principals to develop the DIAAID; a multi-informant diagnostic interview. The DIAAID development resulted in the creation of 15 adolescents disorder interviews and 24 caregiver disorder interviews. Preliminary results suggest that the DIAAID is a feasible and accessible diagnostic interview for adolescents with ID and their caregivers. Lessons learned from DIAAID implementation and future areas research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The national 'Competence for Quality' in-service programme in Norway aims to enhance the subject knowledge and instructional competences of primary and secondary school teachers across subjects. The programme is evaluated annually through a teacher survey which, however, does not capture in depth how the programme impacts on participants. This study tracked four primary school teachers of English over 26 months and found that the in-service course they completed had positive effects on their confidence to speak English in class and their oral fluency, though a reduction in the accuracy of their classroom English was also noted. Variable but positive changes in teachers' classroom practices during the course were noted too. Overall, the study highlights links between teacher knowledge, teacher confidence and teacher change, provides insight into how professional development impacts on these dimensions of teaching, and illustrates how case studies can complement quantitative evaluations of in-service programmes for teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The willingness of voters on the losing side to accept electoral outcomes – losers' consent – is essential to democratic legitimacy. This article examines the role of emotions in shaping people's perceptions of electoral fairness, arguing that voters on the losing side who feel angry are less willing to accept democratic outcomes. This is examined in the context of the 2016 Brexit referendum, as well as the 2019 UK general election, using original survey data and an experiment in which specific emotional responses (anger and happiness) are induced to test the causal effect of emotions. The results show that losers who felt angry about an electoral outcome are less likely to accept the legitimacy of the democratic process and that anger has a causal effect in reducing losers' consent. These findings suggest that politicians may be able to influence voters' faith in democracy by mobilising emotional responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we compared the social media net sentiment of one policy with two names. Specifically, we analyzed Obamacare and the Affordable Care Act (ACA) to understand how social media users engaged with each term on social media from March 2010 to March 2017. The net sentiment was measured with a sample of over 50 million micro-blogs, and the analysis was done using a combination of digital instruments and human validation. We found a significant difference between the social media engagement and sentiment of both terms, with the ACA performing significantly better than Obamacare, despite Obamacare's higher conversation volume. With the ACA having an average of 26% less negative sentiment than Obamacare, the findings of this study emphasize the need to be careful when attaching nicknames to public policy. The findings also have implications for policymakers and politicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an explanation for how the PKK, Kurdish Hezbollah, and ISIS, representing distinct ethno-nationalist, Islamist and ideologically motivated political movements, radicalize and recruit supporters in the regions of Eastern and Southeastern Turkey. In doing so, this paper contributes to ongoing theoretical debates about radicalization and recruitment. This study reveals how various regionally specific structural factors encourage radicalization and recruitment into violent politico-ideological movements. In particular, state oppression of ethnic minorities, economic inequalities, geography, and local demographics. While existing literature on radicalization focuses on push factors (structural) combined with pull factors (ideology), this research demonstrates that structural factors in Eastern and Southeastern Turkey are both push and pull factors in processes of radicalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We examined the extent to which caregivers of children with asthma used interpersonal comparisons—a novel comparison process that parallels social comparison and temporal comparison—to form judgments about their child. Methods & Measures: Using semi-structured interviews adapted from the McGill Illness Narrative Interview, we examined the interpersonal comparisons that caregivers of a child with asthma (n = 41) made regarding their child. Results: Interpersonal comparisons influenced caregiver thoughts, feelings, and behavior. They helped caregivers distinguish asthma from other breathing problems, evaluate the severity of the asthma, and understand their child's experience. However, they also created uncertainty by highlighting the complex, unpredictable nature of asthma. Interpersonal comparisons were a source of gratitude and hope, but also worry and frustration. Finally, interpersonal comparisons influenced caregivers' decisions and actions, resulting in decisions that aligned with and, at times, ran counter to biomedical models of asthma care. In some instances, caregivers used interpersonal comparisons to motivate their child's behavior. Conclusion: The interpersonal comparisons served as a source of information for caregivers trying to understand and manage their child's asthma. Investigating these comparisons also expands how we think about other comparison theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scholarship on green state transformation has harnessed debates on the empirical and ideal transformations of the state in the Anthropocene, but central banks have thus far been elided from analysis. In this article, we draw into focus central banks as pronounced, if ill-considered, features of green state transformations in both theory and practice. Central banks exemplify the intractability, incrementalism and limitations of actually existing green state transformations. Yet simultaneously, these institutions of economic governance are, at least theoretically, vital constituents of fully fledged green states. In addressing the central bank lacuna in the analysis of green state transformation, we propose a research agenda at the intersection of environmental and monetary politics that centres on (i) the institutional variation and convergence of central banks across the global economy, (ii) the political-economic and institutional constraints on green institutional transformation, and (iii) the theoretical constituents and operations of a truly 'green' central bank. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black Feminist theorist bell hooks has written of the way in which Black women construct 'homeplaces' as 'spaces of care and nurturance in the face of the brutal harsh reality of racist oppression.' But what happens when the home is not a place of safety for Black women? Beginning in the late 1970s, groups of Black women in Britain began to establish women's refuges designed to meet the needs of Black and Asian women who were experiencing domestic abuse. In so doing, they were providing an alternative homeplace where women could be safe, not only from abusive partners, but also from racism they sometimes experienced in mainstream women's refuges. This paper argues that specialist refuges were important spaces where Black women could heal from abuse, foster community, and find their political voices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Athletes use either a seven-step or eight-step strategy to reach the first hurdle in the 110 m hurdle event. This study investigated the effect of step strategy on the start position, the block exit and the first four approach steps. Two-dimensional video data were collected in the sagittal plane from 12 male sprinters, grouped as seven-step (n = 6) or eight-step (n = 6) strategists. Mean block spacing was 0.08 m further apart, block contact time 0.06s longer, first step 0.25 m longer and first ground contact 0.03s longer for seven-step athletes compared with eight-step athletes. There was also a greater vertical displacement of the centre of mass (CoM) (0.04 m) for the seven-step athletes compared with the eight-step athletes. Additionally, the front hip mean angular acceleration was 197°/s2 slower for the seven-step athletes than the eight-step athletes. There was limited difference between groups for mean horizontal velocity at the moment of block exit (0.14 m/s). These technical alterations provide an important first insight into start kinematics. The findings of this study identify the position in the starting blocks, and the key parameters which pertain to the initial phases for a successful seven-step approach strategy to be employed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aim was to evaluate the preliminary efficacy and acceptability of an e-learning module to increase sports coaches' mental health literacy and intention to engage in mental health promotion. Thirty-five coaches completed measures at baseline and 1-week follow-up. Mixed methods were used to assess the acceptability of the module, including interviews with 15 coaches. Coaches' knowledge, confidence and intention to engage in mental health promotion increased at 1-week follow-up. Coaches found the module to be acceptable with the content perceived to be informative, the design visually appealing, and the module realistic to be implemented more broadly within their sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine household food security resilience to conflict and shock in Uganda and Malawi using data from the Household Living Standards Measurement Survey. We collect data on resilience components such as education, asset ownership, dwelling characteristics, water access, and sanitation facilities. Principal component analysis is used to generate factor weights for constructing the Resilience Capacity Index, which measures overall household resilience capacity and individual resilience components. The resilience capacity is then used in regression models to assess its mitigating effects on food security during conflicts and shocks. Our results indicate that resilience capacity significantly reduces the adverse effects of conflict and shock on food security. In Malawi, household head education contributes most to food security, while in Uganda, water access is the most critical component. In Malawi, water access resilience diminishes the impact of conflict, sanitation resilience reduces the impacts of flooding, and dwelling characteristics lessen the effects of drought, although the effect size is small. In Uganda, asset ownership resilience mitigates the impacts of drought, while sanitation resilience reduces the adverse effects of conflict. These findings highlight the importance of different resilience components in enhancing food security under various adverse conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study applies Activity Theory to investigate how English as a foreign language (EFL) students prompt generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools during short story writing. Sixty-seven Hong Kong secondary school students created their own generative-AI tools using open-source language models and wrote short stories with them. The study collected and analyzed the students’ generative-AI tools, short stories, and written reflections on their conditions or purposes for prompting. The research identified three main themes regarding the purposes for which students' prompt generative-AI tools during short story writing: a lack of awareness of purposes, overcoming writer's block, and developing, expanding, and improving the story. The study also identified common characteristics of students’ activity systems, including the sophistication of their generative-AI tools, the quality of their stories, and their school's overall academic achievement level, for their prompting of generative-AI tools for the three purposes during short story writing. The study's findings suggest that teachers should be aware of students’ purposes for prompting generative-AI tools to provide tailored instructions and scaffolded guidance. The findings may also help designers provide differentiated instructions for users at various levels of story development when using a generative-AI tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary reports by German residents of Samoa to the German Colonial Office indicate that the opening stages of World War I in German Samoa played out in an atmosphere of Anglo-German camaraderie, highlighted by four developments: the petition presented by British residents of Samoa to Colonel Logan requesting that the Germans be treated with the same respect as had been accorded the British in Samoa; Logan’s invitation to all German civil servants to continue their governmental duties; the deployment of a division of New Zealand Engineers to put down the Chinese rebellion against the German plantation managers at Tapatapao; and Admiral Graf Spee’s decision on his arrival in Samoa not to pursue any hostilities against the British occupying forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, an ecological ethic is developed from the ethical philosophy and environmental phenomenology of the Japanese ethicist Watsuji Tetsurō. More specially, it is illustrated that reading Watsuji’s ethics and concept of fūdo (風土) in tangent and drawing out the implications of his ontology of emptiness, provides the means to overcome the ecological issue of anthropocentrism. The ecological ethic developed here also goes beyond Watsuji’s account by criticising his focus on land and advocates the importance of the sea for environmental ethics. Not only is it argued that a fully functional ecological ethic must account for all habitats, but that the sea can be seen to be more fundamental than the land in the formation of Watsuji’s concept of fūdo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractA validated femoral neck fracture model stabilized with three inverted cannulated screws was used to consider different intraoperative scenarios when the inferior screw hole is inadvertently started too inferiorly. These scenarios were to: (1) abandon the misplaced inferior screw hole and restart this hole more proximally, or (2) accept the mispositioned placement of the inferior screw and insert the remaining superior screws parallel or convergent to the inferior screw. Utilizing the second option and accepting the errant hole was associated with the greatest interfragmentary motion and stresses in the bone and hardware. In contrast, the first option created an improved mechanical environment for healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intergenerational tutoring programs can leverage technology to address the instructional needs of students. This study describes a novel online intergenerational tutoring program designed to target kindergarten students’ literacy skills. Older adult volunteers delivered evidence-based instructional strategies via Zoom. The study used a two-group, quasi-experimental design with students assigned to an intervention (n = 23) or waitlist control (n = 18) group. Five early literacy fluency skills were measured (letter naming, letter sound, phoneme segmentation, nonsense word, and real word). Tutors implemented the program with high fidelity. At posttest, the intervention group scored higher than the control group on each of the five skills and the group differences were statistically significant with a medium effect size for letter sound fluency and nonsense word fluency. Both tutors and parents reported high program acceptability. This study demonstrated how older adults can use online technology to disseminate evidence-based instructional interventions to children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I evaluate the 2006 Adam Walsh Act (AWA) and the sex offender registration and notification requirements that it established. I find that the law expands registry size in compliant states but does not reduce sex crimes, including those made registerable or more severe by the AWA. My results suggest that the conviction-based approach to determining inclusion on registries mandated by the AWA instead has the counterproductive effect of making registries less likely to reduce sex crimes and notification requirements are not effective at alerting prospective victims about unfamiliar offenders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Oceania region has often been overlooked in fundamental hydrological research owing to assumptions that cultural complexities hinder such efforts. However, this perspective is somewhat naïve. Substantial evidence demonstrates that Pacific Islanders actively engage in research, contributing both local Indigenous knowledge and expert capabilities in “island hydrology.” Numerous projects and publications by Pacific Island scholars showcase this expertise. To enhance self-reliance in smaller Pacific nations, it is crucial to improve access to advanced hydrology education and secure funding to support it. Overcoming these challenges is essential to unlocking the full potential of future hydrological research in the Pacific Islands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies the reporting of Alexander Werth from the Soviet Union for the BBC during World War II. Werth’s despatches, broadcast mostly under the title ‘Russian Commentary’, sought to bring to life the struggles of an ideologically opposed nation that had become an ally against Nazi Germany. The article analyses Werth’s technique as a correspondent, situating it within the wider political and propaganda climate within which he was working. It assesses his work’s significance for the study of ideas of journalistic objectivity in wartime. It looks too at the optimism his reporting expressed as the tide of war began to turn in the allies’ favour—a change that Werth saw as a sign that the Soviet Union’s wartime alliance would endure beyond the end of the conflict—a hope that was crushed by the onset of the Cold War, and renewed enmity between Moscow and the West. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discharge of colored effluent into water bodies is a big concern; hence, the current work was designed to fabricate a superior nanocomposite (NBM) using the Newbouldia laevis husk (NB) and functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) for the adsorption of malachite green oxalate (MGO). Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface analysis was used to assess the specific surface area of NB (0.7699 m2 g−1) and NBM (94.006 m2 g−1). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to determine the chemical moieties on the surface of the adsorbent. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to analyze the surface morphology and the thermal behavior of the adsorbents. Essential factors of the adsorption process were investigated, and it was revealed that pH 6.0, adsorbent dose of 0.05 g, contact time 80 min, concentration of 100 mg dm−3 and maximum adsorption capacity of 35.78 mg g−1 (NB) and 69.97 mg g−1 (NBM) were the optimal parameters. The NB and NBM adsorption processes followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The exothermic and endothermic adsorptive processes were noticed to be the best descriptions of MGO elimination by NB and NBM, respectively. The uptake of MGO by NB and NBM was best described by models of Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. Besides, NBM demonstrated uptake efficiency that is >80% after the fourth adsorption/desorption cycle. As a result, NBM has a wide range of possible uses in environmental remediation. The husk of Newbouldia laevis is a frequent waste that must be managed properly. This paper describes the application of Newbouldia laevis husk as a value-added material for the design of a water treatment agent. The use of carbon nanotube in the modification of Newbouldia laevis husk would have a synergistic effect on the overall property of the nanocomposite. Nanocomposite synthesized from multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Newbouldia laevis husk were characterized and used for the sequestration of malachite green oxalate from contaminated water. Our primary goal is to optimize the nanocomposite by varying factors of adsorption such as solution pH, equilibrium, kinetic, thermodynamic, and regeneration studies. We believe that this study will contribute to the existing knowledge of Newbouldia laevis husk. Owing to the exceptional potential of the nanocomposite, this adsorbent can be extended to possible field applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nPLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARYThis study investigated service failures in a public organization, focusing on whether types of complaints (i.e., complaining publicly or privately), the exposure generated by complaints, and reperformance (i.e., expeditiously satisfying citizens’ needs after the service failure) influenced perceptions of justice and complaint effectiveness. Several important findings emerged after conducting a preregistered online survey experiment with 665 respondents. First, when respondents were given vignettes detailing a well-executed reperformance after a private complaint, they did not post higher justice perceptions than those given vignettes detailing that a well-executed reperformance was conducted after a public complaint. Second, garnering high social media exposure from the complaint was only found to positively impact complaint effectiveness when individuals were given the public complaint vignette and primed with a reperformance that was not well-executed. Last, respondents who were provided with vignettes regarding public complaints were found to value the reperformance more than the exposure their complaint generated.When respondents were given the vignettes detailing that a well-executed reperformance was conducted after a private complaint, they did not post higher justice perceptions than respondents given the vignettes detailing a well-executed reperformance was conducted after a public complaint.Garnering high social media exposure was found to positively impact complaint effectiveness when individuals were given the public complaint vignette and primed with a poorly executed reperformance.Respondents given vignettes regarding public complaints valued a well-executed reperformance more so than the publicity their results generated.When respondents were given the vignettes detailing that a well-executed reperformance was conducted after a private complaint, they did not post higher justice perceptions than respondents given the vignettes detailing a well-executed reperformance was conducted after a public complaint.Garnering high social media exposure was found to positively impact complaint effectiveness when individuals were given the public complaint vignette and primed with a poorly executed reperformance.Respondents given vignettes regarding public complaints valued a well-executed reperformance more so than the publicity their results generated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both digital and non-digital games have been shown to be effective for supporting student engagement in mathematics. However, little is known about educator preferences for a particular game mode (i.e. digital versus non-digital), and what factors influence these preferences. To address this gap, 111 Australian primary school educators completed a questionnaire reporting on their usage of, and preferences for using, digital compared with non-digital games to support mathematics instruction. Participants were considerably more likely to use non-digital games than digital games in their classrooms, and the majority indicated a clear preference for using non-digital games. Thematic analysis revealed several themes that explained why many participants preferred non-digital games, with the most frequently coded theme being for pedagogical reasons such as: that they were better for promoting collaboration and communication; that they afforded opportunities for students to use manipulatives; and that they were easily adapted and differentiated for specific groups of students. Other notable themes included: assessment, in particular, the perception that when students played non-digital games it was easier to observe their understanding; access to, and limited awareness of, suitable digital resources; and managing the setup and delivery of the game. Implications of the findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As China’s economy has grown, its military capabilities have expanded commensurately, and Beijing has adopted a more assertive foreign policy stance. Perceiving its primacy to be under threat, the response in Washington has been a hard turn towards a Realist paradigm evident across both the military and economic domains. The first contribution of this article is to document that, despite Australia being a staunch US security ally and having its own anxieties about Chinese power, Canberra has undertaken a more modest Realist tilt. This tilt has focused heavily on the military domain, whereas more broadly, an approach informed by the paradigm of Liberalism endures. The second contribution is to theorise this attachment to Liberalism by drawing on Australia’s recent experience of being targeted by Chinese power in the form of geoeconomic coercion. Australia’s interests were not protected by the power of Canberra’s geopolitical friends. Instead, economic interdependencies constrained Beijing’s options, and risks were mitigated by Australian exporters having access to a global trading system underpinned by rules and institutions. Rather than being rooted in ideological and normative appeal, Canberra’s ongoing attachment to Liberalism mostly reflects utilitarian considerations. Australia’s experience likely offers lessons for other lesser powers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractRecent scholarship emphasises the capacity to self-generate feedback to develop learner agency and avoid bottlenecks as students wait for feedback. Technology can help by mediating access to various level-appropriate resources such as peers’ work-in-progress, uptake strategies and teacher feedback. These can be used as ‘comparators’ for self-generated feedback. This cumulative longitudinal study investigated learner orchestration of self-generated feedback within an ‘open access’ Google Drive/Classroom mediated feedback environment, inductively analysing reflective writing (N = 40), and interviews (N = 30) from several research writing cohorts at a South Korean university from 2018 to 2022. Findings evidence that participants generated feedback from comparisons with peers’ work, uptake strategies and teacher feedback. This helped them better understand tasks, calibrate evaluative judgement, and improve work. Comparisons with exemplars/peers’ work supported global-level insights while peer feedback highlighted aspects outside of conscious awareness evidencing synergy between methods. Peer/teacher feedback replaced the need for teacher instructions for comparison processes and insights for avoiding psychological risks of self-generated feedback were also gleaned. The results are original and significant in illustrating hitherto unexplored benefits of open access to peers’ work-in-progress and teacher feedback, how students exercise agency in orchestrating learning, exemplifying teacher set-up, and elucidating the evolving concept of teacher feedback literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article concerns the perceptions and policing of business crime in the Staffordshire Police area in England in 2019–2020. Based on collaborative mixed methods’ work analysis of business crime in Staffordshire, it considers the framing of official discourse, and how it is applied and understood in police practice. Using 74 qualitative interviews with small business owners and access to police data, the research team considered how business crime was framed by officials and stakeholders. Noting there is something of a disconnect between officials and stakeholders the paper suggests that this reveals the conceptual and practical limitations of policing business crime as a form of commercial victimisation. This is due, the paper argues, to the conceptual ambiguity of the contemporary official police discourse of business crime which, in praxis is ill-defined and largely restricted to a more obvious form of retail crime. It suggests that greater consideration and conceptual refinement of the varied nature of business and enterprise is necessary if authorities truly wish to recognise the varied ways in which commercial activity and victimisation intersect. Recognising these intersections should enable police and the CJS to provide more effective responses to stakeholders and the wide range of businesses that face varied and multifaceted victimisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveMethodResultsConclusionTo test the predictive accuracy and generalisability of a personalised advantage index (PAI) model designed to support treatment selection for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).A PAI model developed by Deisenhofer et al. (2018) was used to predict treatment outcomes in a statistically independent dataset including archival records for N = 152 patients with PSTD who accessed either trauma-focussed cognitive behavioural therapy or eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing in routine care. Outcomes were compared between patients who received their PAI-indicated optimal treatment versus those who received their suboptimal treatment.The model did not yield treatment specific predictions and patients who had received their PAI-indicated optimal treatment did not have better treatment outcomes in this external validation sample.This PAI model did not generalise to an external validation sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]