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Conservation, like all aspects of society, was severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although there have been projections and speculations about impacts on conservation plans and actions, data about the extent of these impacts are sparse. We contribute evidence from a research field site in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Our analysis shows that many of the fears concerning the negative conservation impacts of COVID-19 were borne out. Long-term research projects were disrupted, affecting employment opportunities in the park. These effects percolated into the local communities, which reported high levels of financial stress and other negative impacts, such as increased rates of teenage pregnancy. People who were permanently employed at the park reported lower levels of financial stress. Also particularly concerning was the increase in poaching in the park due to a lack of food security. This research highlights an important path toward resiliency for research stations in the face of global crises, but it requires changes in funding duration and scope from granting agencies and governments. Operating differently than ecotourism, research field stations provide unique opportunities to build resilient conservation instruments and the results of this research can help guide policies to make research field stations more resilient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the face of the continuing destruction of tropical rainforests, a major challenge is to understand the consequences of these habitat changes for biodiversity and the time scale at which biodiversity can recover after such disturbances. In this study, we assessed the patterns in communities of birds among forests of varying age consisting of clear-cuts of former coniferous plantations, selectively logged compartments and primary forests in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Birds were surveyed by 10-minute point counts at 174 randomly located points in nine forest areas during September–October 2011. A total of 2 688 birds representing 115 species were recorded. The species density, diversity and dominance of all birds, and dominance of forest specialists showed no differences between forest areas, whereas the species density and diversity of forest specialists differed significantly between forest areas. The composition of communities of all birds and of forest specialists varied significantly among the forest areas. Our results show that even after 19 and 43 years, respectively, communities of birds in clear-cuts of former coniferous plantations and selectively logged forests have not fully recovered from the disturbances of logging, highlighting the need to preserve primary forests for conservation of birds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dependence upon forest fragments and wetlands by local people outside Kibale National Park in western Uganda illustrates the challenge for rural communities in meeting resource needs, while also controlling overuse and degradation. Using a new geographically stratified, random sampling technique to select study sites, 130 households outside Kibale were interviewed to understand how local uses (e.g., firewood, water) and importance of such fragments (e.g., ecosystem services) depend on household location, size of fragment, and demographic characteristics. While a large majority of households derived material benefits from both wetland and forest fragments, only a minority perceived fragments as providing ecosystem services. Households that derived benefits from fragments tended to live farther from the park, though benefits were largely unrelated to the size of the nearest fragment. An understanding of the importance of these areas is critical for conservationists and park managers when developing cooperative management agreements or outreach programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid population growth, high population density, and intensive agriculture characterize the landscape surrounding Kibale National Park in western Uganda. Forest fragments and wetlands scattered throughout the agricultural landscape provide important natural resources for local people. These forest fragments, however, also provide habitat for animals that raid crops and threaten local agricultural practices, leading to human-wildlife conflict in the buffer zone of the park. Using a geographically stratified, random sampling technique to select study sites, 130 households outside Kibale were interviewed to understand human-agriculture-wildlife conflicts and how these problems vary spatially and demographically. Primates were the most common taxa associated with crop raiding, with vervet and redtail monkeys ranked as the worst crop raiders overall. Baboons and elephants were also problematic in agricultural areas proximate to the park boundary. Despite the problems reported, most respondents prefer to live closer to forest fragments and wetlands because of greater access to natural resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]