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To stay competitive, retail companies have introduced innovative retailing strategies for enhancing the consumer experience. Among these, omnichannel retailing services are one of the most critical services. However, studies on the loyalty required to secure the market using omnichannel strategies are limited. Instead of arbitrarily selecting key factors for users' loyalty based on previous research data used by users in social networking services were evaluated in this study, and the validity of the selection of variables was verified through network analysis. A structural equation model based on the results of network analysis and the factors influencing online loyalty and offline loyalty were analysed using the model. Therefore, independent variables except for perceived usability exhibited a positive effect on user satisfaction, and user satisfaction had a positive effect on loyalty. Furthermore, offline user satisfaction exhibited a positive effect on online loyalty, but online user satisfaction did not. Suggestions for future research and corporate strategy were provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open innovation (OI) is a crucial strategy regardless of sector, public or private, or academic or practical. However, the concept itself is often considered abstract and broad. Therefore, this study explored the coauthorship network and its groups to empirically observe the phenomenon of an open innovation. It also examined the semantic network of subject fields in open innovation research. We used coauthorship data to observe collaboration among authors. To examine how an open innovation is conceptualised and explained in academia, we used the abstracts of papers and the classification data of the journals where the papers were published. The results of the analysis found a mainstream group, which is a small group-to-group connection. We observed that the small groups are connected by key authors. We found that a social network of authorship and a semantic network of abstracts are both closely related. Our results provide a deeper understanding of an open innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of a second screen can enhance information processing and the execution of search tasks within a given period. In this study, we examined the learner's attentional shift (AS) between two screens and controlled secondary tasks (STs) in the media multitasking setting and its effect on the learning process. In particular, we analyzed how cognitive and emotional learning effects can be explored depending on the role of this setting. A between-subject experiment was conducted with 69 participants (simultaneous vs. sequential use of a second screen in terms of open versus closed STs). The findings showed that there was a greater difference in emotional learning effects than in cognitive learning effects for participants who used a second screen. In terms of estimated emotional learning effects of media multitasking, participants engaged in sequential use demonstrated lower anxiety levels and higher competence beliefs during learning compared to participants who were engaged in simultaneous use. Moreover, an interaction effect occurred in the AS between the two screens and in controlled STs of recognition memory. These results indicate that attentional change and controlled STs are key predictors of learning effects in the media multitasking environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of online comment sections on the news has increased based on the development of collective online behaviors in the digitalized news media era. In this study, we focus on the effect of comment order (e.g., sorting comments by the number of likes or by the time of posting) on the formation of public opinion. We explore whether reading comments sorted by number of likes (a) induces more comments from users, (b) increases the expression of user opinions in response to others' comments through the action of liking or disliking comments and (c) consolidates user opinion. For the empirical verification of the effects of popularity metrics, we chose a common topic (increasing minimum wage), collected actual data (reviewing 3,251 articles and the numbers of associated comments, likes, and dislikes), and compared news categories based on the existence of popularity metrics. Semantic network analysis was conducted with UCINET and python for K-means clustering, and cosine similarity. Our results show how the comment order in the internet news environment affects the commenting behavior of news consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study describes the structure of international conflict with the tools of network analysis to enhance the understanding of multilateral conflict-communication relations and to predict the conflict structure with existing international relations theories (liberal and realist) plus global communication variables. Using data obtained from the Correlates of War Project (http://cow2.la.psu.edu/), the structure of international conflict is described for the period 1993-2001 for 145 nations. The results indicate that this network is very sparse; 42 nations had no conflict, and 36 only one bilateral disagreement. The network is centered about former Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), Russia, the United States, Iraq, and China. Most conflicts are regional. The paper also evaluates both the liberal, expanded liberal (with communication variables included), and realist (including Huntington's Clash of Civilizations Theory) perspectives as predictors of conflict. The results indicate that communication variables substantially enhance explanatory power of a predictive model, but the effects of the communication variables are inconsistent. A multiple regression model including history of colonialism and prior conflict, physical proximity and contiguity, whether or not a nation is a democracy, and the communication variables - international telecommunication, freight, and exports - accounted for 30.0% of the variance in the structure of international conflict and each variable was significantly related to conflict. The need for further research is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This research investigates players’ continuance intentions to play massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs) by constructing a model based on the concepts of avatar coolness (i.e., avatar attractiveness, avatar originality, and avatar subculture appeal), social identity theory, and flow theory. Analyzing survey-based data from 375 Korean MMORPG players, we found that avatar attractiveness, avatar originality, and avatar subculture appeal were positively related to avatar coolness. In addition, avatar originality positively affects avatar subculture appeal. Moreover, avatar coolness positively affects the continuance intention to play MMORPGs via avatar identification and flow state. This study is the first to develop avatar coolness and explore its role in affecting the intention to play MMORPGs. To offer “cool” avatars, the implications are those game designers should continually update avatars for freshness based on current trends, provide a variety of skins for personalization for user preferences, and offer avatars that are visually appealing to the gaming population. These require continual assessments of the MMORPG player population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]