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Based on the Derwent patent index database, this paper takes the data source of 5G technology-related patents of China and the United States from January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2019. It uses the social network analysis method to conduct a comparative study on the cooperative innovation network and evolution path of 5G technology between China and the United States. The paper's results present that: (1) the scale of the 5G technology industry in the two countries continues to expand, and the field of patented technology continues to improve, (2) The number of 5G technology-related patents in China exceeds that in the United States, but China lacks core patents, the quality of 5G technology innovation lags that in the United States, (3) Most of the resources in the innovation networks in China and the US are controlled by large companies, but the level of cooperation among Chinese patentees is not as high as that in the US. (4) Patentees collaborate in innovation networks as frequently as periods change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The early weaning and starter feeding have significant effects on lamb growth and digestive tract development. However, it is not clear whether the expression of IGF-1/IGF-1R genes could be affected by feeding starter and weaning. Therefore, a total of 102 Hu male neonatal lambs were randomly divided into 3 groups: fed with starter at 42d + weaned at 56d (group A), fed with starter at 7d + weaned at 28d (group B) and fed with starter at 7d + weaned at 56d (group C), to explore the effects of starter feeding and weaning age on developmental expressions of IGF-I gene in liver and IGF-IR gene in rumen of Hu sheep. The results showed that IGF-I and IGF-IR genes were expressed extensively in various tissues of lambs, the expression of IGF-I was significantly higher in liver (p < 0.01), while the expression of IGF-IR was higher in rumen among gastrointestinal tissues. The mRNA level of IGF-I of group C was strikingly higher than that of group A at 28, 70, and 84d (p < 0.01) in liver, respectively. Rumen mRNA level of IGF-IR of group C was prominently higher than that of group A at 70d and 84d (p < 0.05), respectively. However, IGF-IR expression of group A was higher than that of group C at 14 and 42d (p < 0.05). The mRNA level of IGF-I of group B was significantly higher than that of group C at 42, 56, 70, and 84d (p < 0.01) in liver, while IGF-IR expression of group B was higher than that of group C at 70d (p < 0.01). In conclusion, early weaning and starter feeding affected liver IGF-I mRNA and rumen IGF-IR mRNA expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms are implicated in the pathology of peri-implantitis and periodontitis. In this study, D-arginine (R), D-methionine (M), D-histidine (H), and a mixture of these D-amino acids (D-AAs) were investigated as an effective therapeutic strategy against P. gingivalis biofilms. The bacterial growth activity and minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for each D-AA, along with the effects of the D-AAs mixture on biofilm development, morphology, structure, extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), cytotoxicity towards commensals, and bacterial structure. The D-AA mixture delayed the proliferation of P. gingivalis, changed its membrane structure, and decreased biofilm thickness and integrity, as compared with individual D-AAs. The EPS content increased with the concentration of D-AAs. The present study shows that a 4 mM RMH, triple D-AA mixture, enhanced deleterious effects on P. gingivalis biofilms without any cytotoxicity compared with individual D-AAs, thus providing a new strategy for the treatment of peri-implantitis and periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate the impact of EGFR mutations on the efficacy of definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with locally advanced unresectable stage III NSCLC. Methods: PubMed and EMBASE were searched for eligible studies. Efficacy outcomes included objective response rate (ORR), overall disease progression, local-regional recurrence (LRR), distant progression (DP), brain metastasis, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Meta-analysis was performed when relevant data were available. Results: The authors identified seven eligible studies including 695 patients. No significant difference was detected in ORR (Risk Ratio [RR] 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91-1.39, P = 0.28) and overall disease progression (RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.95-1.19, P = 0.29) between EGFR-mutant and EGFR-wild-type groups. EGFR-mutant group had significantly lower LRR (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.33-0.72, P < 0.01), higher DP (RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.18-1.55, P < 0.01) and higher brain metastasis (RR 2.48, 95% CI 1.46-4.20, P < 0.01) than the EGFR-wild-type group. No sufficient data were available to perform pooled analysis regarding PFS and OS. Conclusion: For patients with locally advanced unresectable stage III NSCLC treated with definitive CRT, the presence of EGFR mutations may be indicative of lower locoregional recurrence and higher distant progression, especially brain metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary small cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus is characterized by high malignancy with a tendency to metastasize early through lymph and blood circulation. Metastasis of esophageal SCC frequently occurs to distant organs such as liver and lung. However, few cases of appendiceal metastasis have been reported. This paper first presents a pathologically confirmed case with metastasis of esophageal SCC to the appendix. This particular case highlights the importance of pathological diagnosis and provides new evidence of appendiceal metastasis from esophageal SCC. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The growth hormone receptor (GHR) is associated with animal growth and development. To investigate such effects on GHR gene expression, a total of 102 Hu lambs were randomly allocated to one of three groups (Group 1: starter diet from 7 d of age, weaning at 56 d of age; Group 2: starter diet from 42 d of age, weaning at 56 d of age; Group 3: starter diet from 7 d of age; weaning at 28 d of age). Six lambs from each group were sacrificed every 14 d to investigate the effects of starter feeding and weaning age on GHR mRNA expression in the liver and rumen. The results revealed that GHR mRNA expression was significantly higher in the liver and rumen (p < 0.05) than in other tissues. Early starter feeding up-regulated hepatic GHR mRNA expression on days 14, 28, 42 and 56 and ruminal GHR mRNA expression on days 28, 42, 70, and 84 (p < 0.05). Early weaning up-regulated hepatic GHR mRNA expression on days 56, 70 and 84 and ruminal GHR mRNA expression on days 42, 56, 70 and 84 (p < 0.05). Dietary and weaning regimes and age affected the hepatic and ruminal GHR mRNA expression. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Compressional behavior of a natural hypersthene has been investigated at pressures up to 10.1 GPa at room temperature usingin situsynchrotron X-ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell. No phase transition was observed within the experimental pressure range. The pressure–volume data have been fitted with a third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state, resulting inK0 = 113.6(6.2) GPa andfor the bulk modulus and its pressure derivative with a fixed unit-cell volumeV0 = 854.0(6) Å3. The unit-cell parameters,a,b, andc, decrease nonlinearly with elevated pressure and show an anisotropic axial compressibility with a ratioβa:βb:βc: =1:2.05:1.3. The comparison with previous results of orthopyroxene reveals that Al substitution causes a decrease in unit-cell volume and an increase in the bulk modulus, whereas the incorporation of Fe has opposite effects. The relation between unit-cell volume and En/Ts contents has been obtained,V0(Å3) = 873.7(1.1) − 40.8(1.44)  ×  En-90.6(14.7)  ×  Ts, which permits the prediction of unit-cell volume for Fe- and Al-bearing orthopyroxene system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High pressure X-ray diffraction experiments on mimetite [Pb5(AsO4)3Cl] and pyromorphite [Pb5(PO4)3Cl] were performed up to 14.1 and 14.9 GPa, respectively, at 300 K, usingin situangle-dispersive X-ray diffraction and a diamond anvil cell. No phase transition of mimetite and pyromorphite was observed within the experimental pressure range. Fitting theP–Vdata under hydrostatic stress conditions with a third-order Birch–Murnaghan Equations of State (BM-EoS) we obtained:K0=46(7) GPa,V0=680(2) Å3, andK0′=15(4) for mimetite;K0=44(5) GPa,V0=636(1) Å3, andK0′=15(3) for pyromorphite. The axial compressibility was also calculated with a third-order ‘linearized’ BM-EoS. We obtainedK0a:K0c=1:1.00 for mimetite, andK0a:K0c=1:1.28 for pyromorphite, indicating that mimetite and pyromorphite are elastically isotropic and slightly anisotropic, respectively. Comparing the previous equation of state data of vanadinite [Pb5(VO4)3Cl] with the current results of mimetite [Pb5(AsO4)3Cl] and pyromorphite [Pb5(PO4)3Cl], we found that the substitution of V5+by As5+and P5+has an insignificant effect on the bulk modulus, but has a greater effect on the axial parameters, compression ratio, and elastic anisotropy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To explore serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) for predicting radiation pneumonitis (RP) in non-small cell lung cancer patients following chemoradiotherapy. Methods: Serum levels for SOD were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays prior to radiation therapy (Pre-RT) and post 40 Gy/4 weeks during the treatment (Pos-RT). Results: SOD concentrations after delivery of 40 Gy/4 weeks was associated with the development of RP. The best predictive ability of SOD was observed for a cut-off value of 56 unit/ml, with a sensitivity of 0.80 (95% CI 0.28-0.99), and a specificity of 0.67 (95% CI 0.43-0.65) ( p = 0.040). Conclusion: Serum SOD may be a potential predictor for RP, which need to be further verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The increasing panel of systemic therapies enables the individual management of lung cancer patients, even in advanced stages. However, predictive tools indicating the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) are badly needed. Aims: To determine the tumour markers for predicting the therapeutic effect in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients treated with CRT. Methods: The serum levels of cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA21-1), neurone-specific enolase (NSE) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were measured before CRT by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, while the tumour responses were assessed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) response criteria. The relationships between pretreatment expression of CYFRA21-1, NSE, CEA and the effectiveness of CRT were analysed. Results: The complete response (CR) rate of the primary tumours estimated by computed tomography in patients with high levels of CYFRA21-1 was 2.9% (2/68) while in cases with low CYFRA21-1 it was 20.3% (12/59) ( p = 0.005). The effective rates (CR+PR) in CYFRA21-1 high and low groups were 52.9% (36/68) and 72.9% (43/59), respectively ( p = 0.022). Conclusions: CYFRA21-1 may be a reliable surrogate marker of CRT efficacy in patients with NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is currently performed for patients with advanced esophageal carcinoma. Sensitivity of tumours to CRT differs from one case to another and may be influenced by the expression of biological molecules. The aim of this study was to identify biological markers which could predict sensitivities of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) to CRT. Methods: A total of 84 patients with stage I–IV ESCC were evaluated. The cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were measured before CRT by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in patients with primary ESCCs using 3.4 ng ml−1 and 3.3 ng ml−1, respectively, as cut-off values. The relationships between pretreatment expression of CYFRA 21-1 and CEA and the effectiveness of CRT were analysed. Results: The complete response (CR) rates of the primary tumours estimated by computed tomography in patients with high levels of CYFRA21-1 and CEA were 10% (3/30) and 4.2% (1/24), while in cases with low CYFRA21-1 and CEA the CR rates were 50% (27/54) and 48.3% (29/60), respectively ( p = 0.002 and 0.003). The effective rates (CR+PR) in CYFRA21-1 high and low groups were 60% (18/30) and 96.3% (52/54), while in CEA high and low groups they were 58.3% (14/24) and 93.3% (56/60), respectively ( p = 0.013 and 0.013). Conclusion: CYFRA21-1 and CEA may be helpful in predicting the responsiveness in ESCC of primary lesions to CRT, although the results should be confirmed in larger, more homogeneous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compressional and shear wave velocities of orthorhombic BaCe0.85 Y0.15 O2.925 perovskite were measured at high pressures up to 8.1 GPa by ultrasonic interferometry combined with energy-dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction. At room temperature, the adiabatic bulk modulus increases with increasing pressure, as expected for most polycrystalline materials. The shear modulus, however, show a negative dependence on pressure over a pressure range of ∼2-8.1 GPa. This anomalous elastic softening indicates destabilization of the orthorhombic structure in BaCe0.85Y0.15O2.925 perovskite over the experimental pressure range and is presumably the precursor to the first-order phase transition previously observed at 22 GPa using Raman spectroscopic study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasonic interferometry was used in combination with synchrotron X-radiation to determine the compressional and shear wave velocities and unit-cell volumes of ε-FeSi (cubic B20 structure) at room temperature and pressures up to ∼12 GPa. The data collected during compression are compared with those collected during decompression after heating to release stress within the sample cell. By fitting all of the decompression unit-cell volume and sound velocity data to third-order finite-strain equations, we obtain the adiabatic zero-pressure bulk and shear moduli and their first pressure derivatives: KS0=169.3 (8) GPa, G0=116.3 (4) GPa, K'S0=6.5(3), G'0=3.0(1). The bulk modulus obtained from this study is in good agreement with those of some previous experimental studies, but significantly lower than those obtained by first-principle calculations. This study presents the first direct measurement on the shear properties of this phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compressional (P) and shear (S) wave velocities of CaSnO3 perovskite were measured at room temperature using ultrasonic interferometry up to 18 GPa. Discontinuities of the magnitude suggested in previous theoretical calculations are not observed in derived velocities over the entire experimental pressure range explored here. A least squares fitting of the P and S wave velocities to third-order finite strain equations yielded zero pressure adiabatic bulk and shear moduli and their first pressure derivatives, K=166(2) GPa, K'=5.4(2), G=88(1) GPa and G'=1.2(1). These results are in agreement with previous experiments, within mutual uncertainties. Examinations of the current data as well as comparison with previous measurements at lower pressures conclude the presence of a post-perovskite phase transition in CaSnO3 is not visible in the elasticity at ambient temperature within 0-18 GPa range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasonic interferometric measurements on polycrystalline Fe2SiO4 spinel were conducted simultaneously with synchrotron X-ray diffraction and X-ray imaging up to 6.5 GPa, 1073 K. The compressional and shear wave velocity data and the volume data were fitted to the third-order finite strain equations to derive the bulk and shear modulus and their pressure and temperature derivatives. The fitting results are as follows: Ks0=204.5(7) GPa,=73.6(3) GPa, K's=4.3(3), G'=1.2(1), (∂ Ks/∂ T)p=-0.027(2) GPa/K, and (∂ G/∂ T)p=-0.017(1) GPa/K. Comparison of our current results with previous data on (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 spinel with different compositions suggests that the bulk modulus (Ks) increases slightly with increasing iron content, while the shear modulus (G), in contrast, shows a dramatic decrease. However, the pressure and temperature derivatives of Ks and G remain nearly constant from Mg2SiO4 to Fe2SiO4 spinel with average values of 4.2-4.4, 1.2-1.3,-0.024 GPa/K, and-0.016 GPa/K for K's, G', (∂ Ks/∂ T)p, and (∂ G/∂ T)p, respectively. The proposed version of equations to describe the effects of iron on the elastic moduli of ringwoodite are: Ks=184.7+18.0 XFe, and G=118.7-41.5 X Fe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]