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This case study proposed a novel electro-osmosis PRD vacuum preloading method to solve dredging sludge treatment issues: difficulty in draining from soil showing large volume, non-uniform settlement, and low strength. To verify the effectiveness of the new method, four kinds of physical model tests integrating particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique of traditional vacuum preloading (VP), prefabricated radiant drain vacuum preloading (PRD-VP), electro-osmotic vacuum preloading (EO-VP), and EO-PRD-VP methods are conducted. The water discharge, average surface settlement, pore water pressure, water content, and undrained shear strength after treatment, clogging range, relationship between clogging range and water discharge rate, and relationship between clogging range and average surface settlement are investigated. For those model tests, it is demonstrated that EO-PRD-VP method has the best advantage in volume reduction, uniform settlement, and strength improvement. Water discharge is enlarged by 13–33%. The differential settlement can reach 2.3 cm, decreased by 28–56%. The undrained shear strength can reach 12 kPa, increased by 1–2 times. In addition, the clogging range development is described, for the given water discharge rate and average surface settlement, clogging range of EO-PRD-VP method is the minimum. The empirical equations between clogging range and water discharge rate, clogging range, and average surface settlement are established to predict the clogging range, which can lay the foundation for developing the consolidation theory of EO-PRD-VP method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study observed the effects of the Clark comfortable nursing approach on self-care ability, self-burden, treatment adherence, quality of life, and complications in hemodialysis patients with end stage renal failure (ESRF). Eighty-two patients with ESRF receiving hemodialysis treatment were included and allocated into control and intervention groups. The control group received conventional nursing care, while the intervention group received the Clark comfortable nursing approach. The self-care ability, self-burden, treatment adherence, quality of life scores before and after the nursing intervention, and the occurrence of complications in both groups were compared. After the intervention, the intervention group showed higher scores in each dimension and the total score of the Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale compared to the control group. Both groups exhibited improvements in various scores and total scores; however, the intervention group had lower scores overall than the control group. Additionally, the intervention group had higher scores in diet, water intake, medication, and dialysis regimen. Additionally, both groups had significantly higher scores in all dimensions of the quality-of-life scale post-intervention, with the intervention group demonstrating markedly higher scores in all dimensions. The total incidence of complications in the intervention group was 9.76%, which was lower than the 29.27% observed in the control group. The Clark comfortable nursing approach applied to hemodialysis patients with ESRF can enhance self-care ability, improve quality of life, increase treatment adherence, and reduce the incidence of hemodialysis-related complications. This model is worthy of clinical promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) alleviating clogging mechanism under different air injection pressure and time is not clear for air-boosted vacuum preloading. The computational fluid dynamic-discrete element method (CFD-DEM) is developed to dynamically observe PVD clogging and investigate the PVD clogging mechanism. i.e., PVD discharge rate, soil particle migration, and porosity change under the different air injection patterns of vacuum preloading with no air injection, constant air injection pressure of 75 kPa, and variable air injection pressure of 25∼150 kPa. Compared with conventional vacuum preloading with no air injection, the water discharge rate of PVD can be increased, clogging layer area can be reduced significantly for air-boosted vacuum preloading. The porosity near the air injection port is greater than that close to the PVD. The consolidation mechanism of air-boosted vacuum preloading the disturbance effect in the early stage of consolidation, the pressurization effect in the middle stage of consolidation, and the clogging effect in the later stage of consolidation are revealed. Three kinds of laboratory model tests are run to demonstrate air injection alleviating PVD clogging. The results demonstrate that increasing the air injection pressure can significantly alleviate PVD clogging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]