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Commonly used models for estimation of the maximum kinematic bending moment at pile head are evaluated in various ground conditions, and three-dimensional numerical simulations with various input seismic motions and pile dimensions are performed to investigate the soil–pile kinematic interactions. Additionally, equivalent-linear analyses are conducted to investigate the influences of soil stiffness and damping variations on the accuracy of the prediction model. The numerical calculated results show that the dimensionless frequency factor and effective soil curvature can be adopted to estimate the maximum kinematic bending at pile head. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study identified and verified the characteristic differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes (CDEFRGs) in osteosarcoma (OS). We extracted ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs), identified differentially expressed FRGs (DEFRGs) in OS, and conducted correlation analysis between DEFRGs. Next, we conducted GO and KEGG analyses to explore the biological functions and pathways of DEFRGs. Furthermore, we used LASSO and SVM-RFE algorithms to screen CDEFRGs, and evaluated its accuracy in diagnosing OS through ROC curves. Then, we demonstrated the molecular function and pathway enrichment of CDEFRGs through GSEA analysis. In addition, we evaluated the differences in immune cell infiltration between OS and NC groups, as well as the correlation between CDEFRGs expressions and immune cell infiltrations. Finally, the expression of CDEFRGs was verified through qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry experiments. We identified 51 DEFRGs and the expression relationship between them. GO and KEGG analysis revealed their key functions and important pathways. Based on four CDEFRGs (PEX3, CPEB1, NOX1, and ALOX5), we built the OS diagnostic model, and verified its accuracy. GSEA analysis further revealed the important functions and pathways of CDEFRGs. In addition, there were differences in immune cell infiltration between OS group and NC group, and CDEFRGs showed significant correlation with certain infiltrating immune cells. Finally, we validated the differential expression levels of four CDEFRGs through external experiments. This study has shed light on the molecular pathological mechanism of OS and has offered novel perspectives for the early diagnosis and immune-targeted therapy of OS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of offshore monopile is generally governed by the accumulated deformation under lateral cyclic loading, e.g. loads induced by winds and waves. Although methods have been proposed to predict the accumulated deformation of laterally loaded monopiles under cyclic loading, these models are mainly based on small diameter pile test results with number of load cycles far less than that experienced by an offshore wind turbine during its lifetime. Additionally, the effect of monopile dimension, e.g. diameter effect, on the cyclic response of monopile is not well examined. Based on the degradation stiffness model, this paper investigates diameter effect of monopiles on the accumulated deformation via a finite difference program, which shows that pile diameter has a remarkable influence on the development rate of the accumulated deformation of laterally loaded monopiles. A design model, which takes account of the effect of loading cycle numbers, load amplitudes and monopile diameter, is proposed based on a series of numerical simulation. The proposed design model is validated against measured results from field test and centrifuge test on cyclically loaded monopiles, which proves the validity of the proposed design model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large diameter monopile foundation is widely used in offshore wind farms. However, current design method, e.g. widely used American Petroleum Institute recommended P-y method, has been questioned during the design of monopile for this method is incapable to reasonably model the force on laterally loaded monopile. In this study, a method to derive the monopile–soil interaction force from finite element model is introduced, and the derived interaction force is validated through the force and moment equilibrium of monopile in sandy soil. Then, interaction force acting on the large diameter laterally loaded monopile in sandy soil is investigated in detail. The results show that: (1) the shear force which is tangent to the monopile circumference is an important component of soil resistance to laterally loaded monopile, (2) the distribution of normal force and shear force at a given depth can be generally described by parabola function, (3) the lateral friction force on monopile tip contributes another component of resistance and the peak value of this frictional resistance is up to 20% of the applied load at monopile head, (4) the moment resistance along the monopile shaft induced by shear force in vertical direction increases as the monopile deformation increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eucalyptus biomass-fired boilers generally experience severe problems with deposit formation and are expected to suffer from severe superheater corrosion at high temperatures due to the large alkali and chlorine content in eucalyptus biomass. The unique deposition layer structure and corrosion mechanism of eucalyptus-fired boilers are discussed in this paper. It was found that a unique sandwich like cell-membrane structure on the heating surface was formed in eucalyptus biomass-fired boilers. Chlorine acts as a catalyst, circulates the reaction and causes serious corrosion. The oxides at the junction of the corrosion layer and the matrix mainly penetrate along the grain boundary of the matrix, forming a unique network structure. There is obvious internal oxidation and mass transfer along the grain boundary in the matrix of 12Cr2MoWVTiB steel pipe, and no obvious internal oxidation in SA213T91 steel pipe due to its fine and uniform grains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]