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Because the physical properties of carbon fiber and glass fiber are very different, the fiber volume fraction in carbon/glass hybrid fiber composites cannot be tested by burning method or digestion method, respectively. Furthermore, these methods partially consume the fiber, especially for carbon fibers. To investigate the fiber volume fraction in carbon/glass hybrid fiber composites correctly, the test method is put forward. The burning method and the digestion method were combined to calculate the volume fraction of carbon fiber and glass fiber, respectively. The results show that the relative error between the measured value and the theoretical value is very small. The result of the present work implies that the feasibility and accuracy of this method through experimental verification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study how certain arithmetical conditions on the lengths of conjugacy classes of primary elements and π-elements of a finite group G influence the structure of G, some new results are obtained and several well-known results in the literature are developed. In particular, the structure of a kind of outer p-supersolvable groups is described, some new conditions implying π-supersolvability are found, and the upper bound for the order of Sylow subgroups is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the influence of weakly s-semipermutable subgroups on the p F -hypercenter of a finite group and obtained some new criteria for a normal subgroup to be contained in the p F -hypercenter of a finite group. Many known results are generalized and uniformed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The graphitic carbon nitride/copper hydroxide photocatalyst, which achieved ∼15.8-fold enhanced visible-light photocatalytic performance for pollutant degradation compared to origin g-C3N4, was synthesised by chemical deposition strategy. The experimental results show that Cu2+ ions in Cu(OH)2 interact with electron-rich N atoms in g-C3N4. The stronger interaction promotes the change of the local electric field in g-C3N4/Cu(OH)2 to obtain a more positive valence band, which can generate strongly oxidised photogenerated holes. This photogenerated holes played a dominant role in pollutant degradation. The present work may provide a promising approach to the fabrication of other efficient photocatalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A subgroup H of a group G is called an ICΦs -subgroup of G if (H ∩ [ H , G ]) H G / H G ≤ Φ (H / H G) H s G / H G , where H G = ∩ g ∈ G H g and Φ (H / H G) is the Frattini subgroup of H / H G and HsG is the largest s-permutable subgroup of G contained in H. In this paper, we investigate the structure of finite group G under the assumption that some subgroups of G are ICΦs -subgroups of G, some results are obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of the interaction between heavy metals and sensors for detection has been repeatedly introduced. In this paper, a voltammetric sensor (PDA@W-g-C3N4/ITO) based on the combination of multifunctional polydopamine and graphite carbon nitride is prepared for the first time for Cu2+ detection. On the basis of studying the influence of the experimental parameters such as buffer solution, pH, enrichment potential, and enrichment time on the peak current of copper ion dissolution, the detection limit for Cu2+ is 3.789 nmol•L−1. This is lower than that of graphite carbon nitride sensor (W-g-C3N4/ITO), due to the interaction between Cu2+ and PDA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of the interaction between heavy metals and sensors for detection has been repeatedly introduced. In this paper, a voltammetric sensor (PDA@W-g-C3N4/ITO) based on the combination of multifunctional polydopamine and graphite carbon nitride is prepared for the first time for Cu2+ detection. On the basis of studying the influence of the experimental parameters such as buffer solution, pH, enrichment potential, and enrichment time on the peak current of copper ion dissolution, the detection limit for Cu2+ is 3.789 nmol•L−1. This is lower than that of graphite carbon nitride sensor (W-g-C3N4/ITO), due to the interaction between Cu2+ and PDA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the complex dynamic characteristics of hydro-mechanical CVT (hydro-mechanical continuously variable transmission), the gearbox machine dynamics simulation model based on AMESim was established for the most important of confluent planetary gear mechanism in the gearbox. Creo2.0 was used to draw 3D virtual prototype, and according to the actual movement of the link, added the corresponding constraints to get the planetary dynamics simulation model based on the multi-body dynamics simulation software ADAMS. Based on the classical formula of gear meshing force, the theoretical values of meshing force of planetary gear were calculated, and the dynamics analysis of planetary gear was carried out by using ADAMS. The simulation results were basically consistent with the theoretical values. It researched the influence of the speed regulation process on planetary gear engagement impact under the three case: speed regulation rate and speed direction, speed regulation under different load levels and different engine speed. The speed regulation under speed regulation rate and different load levels had obvious impact on planetary gear meshing force, the impact degree increased with the increasing of speed regulation rate and load; this work has good engineering and application value, and provides the reference for the structure optimization and adjustment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A subgroup S of G is called a p-sylowizer of a p-subgroup R in G if S is maximal in G with respect to having R as its Sylow p-subgroup. In this paper, we give some new characterizations of p-solvable and p-supersolvable groups by the p-cover-avoidance properties of the p-sylowizers of some p-subgroups and the p-sylowizers in some classes of groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peel plies as indispensable auxiliary materials have gained broad attention in composite material forming process. However, the detection method of specific components of peel plies has rarely been reported. In this paper, shredding-infrared spectroscopy technology was put forward to investigate the specific components of peel plies. There were two ways to test the specific components of peel plies using infrared spectroscopy: direct dissolution and pretreatment (shredding) before dissolution. Compared with the sample prepared by direct dissolution, the sample fabricated via pretreatment displayed significant merits, such as saving time cost and excellent detection accuracy. In addition, the testing mechanism was illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let Φ a (G) and Φ n (G) denote the intersection of all abnormal and normal maximal subgroups of G, respectively. S is called Φ a (or Φ n )-supplemented in G if there exists a proper normal subgroup N of G such that G = SN and S ∩ N ≤ Φ a (S) (or Φ n (S) ). In this paper we characterize many properties of groups by using Φ a and Φ n -supplementation. Communicated by Sudarshan Kumar Sehgal [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a finite group, p a prime, P a Sylow p-subgroup of G and d a power of p such that 1 < d < | P |. Let G p * denote the unique smallest normal subgroup of G for which the corresponding factor group is abelian of exponent dividing p – 1. Let F 1 , F 2 , F 3 be classes of all p-groups, p-nilpotent groups and p-supersolvable groups, respectively, G F be the F -residual of G. Let E ∈ { G F 1 , (G p *) F 1 , G F 2 , G F 3 }. We prove that if H ∩ E is weakly s-semipermutable in G for all normal subgroups H of P with | H | = d , then either G ∈ F 3 and G ∈ F 2 if p is the least prime factor of | G | , or else | P ∩ E | > d ; and for all subgroups H of P with | H | = d and 4 (if p = 2), then G ∈ F 3 and G ∈ F 2 if p is the least prime factor of | G |. Many known theorems become Corollaries of our results. Communicated by Peter Sin [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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LetGbe a finite group, andT(G) be the sum of all complex irreducible character degrees ofG. In this paper, we get the exact lower bound of |G|∕T(G) for a non-r-solvable groupG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LetGbe a finite group,pa prime andPa Sylowp-subgroup ofG. The main goal of the paper is to determine sufficient conditions for thep-nilpotence of a finite group withp-nilpotent Sylow normalizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We determine finite simple groups which have a subgroup of index with exactly two distinct prime divisors. Then from this we derive a classification of primitive permutation groups of degree a product of two prime-powers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a finite p-group. If |CG(x): ⟨ x ⟩ | ≤pkfor every noncentral element x of G, then G is called a k − 𝒩𝒞 −p-group. In this article, we give a classification of k − 𝒩𝒞 −p-groups, where k = 1, 2 and p > 2. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The Jitoushan W–Mo ore body is a typical skarn-type deposit with the potential for porphyry Mo mineralization at depth. As it is newly discovered, only a few studies have been conducted on the geochronology and ore genesis of this deposit. The ore district consists of Cambrian to Silurian sedimentary and low-grade metasedimentary strata, intruded by granodiorite, diorite porphyry, granite porphyry, and quartz porphyry. Skarn W–Mo ore bodies are hosted in the contact zone between the granodiorite and Cambrian limestone strata. Within the granodiorite near the contact zone, quartz vein type and disseminated sulphide mineralization are well developed. The Mo-bearing granite porphyry has been traced at depth by drilling. Our results reveal two discrete magmatic events at ca. 138 and ca. 127 Ma in the study area. The molybdenite Re–Os isochronal age of 136.6 ± 1.5 million years is consistent with the first magmatic event. The zircon Hf isotope (ϵHf(t) = −12.55−3.91), sulphide isotopes (δ34S = 3.32–5.59‰), and Re content of molybdenite (Recontent = 6.424–19.07 μg) indicate that the ore-forming materials were mainly derived from the deep crust. The regional tectonic system switched from a Late Jurassic transpressive regime to an earliest Cretaceous extensional regime at ca. 145 Ma, and at ca. 138 Ma, the Jitoushan W–Mo deposit formed in an extensional setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a finite group and p a prime. In this article, we give a criterion of p-nilpotency of G by means of the normalizer and a generalization of normality of subgroups. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this article, we classify p-groups whose non-normal subgroups have index p in their normalizers. This answers a problem posed by Berkovich and Janko. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a method of validating the MODIS (Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) surface reflectance (MOD09) based on ground spectral measurements and high-resolution remote sensing images. Given that the spatial resolution of the MODIS image is too low to directly compare ground measurements with the MODIS pixels, registration is first made between MODIS and a high-resolution image. Afterwards, the same sizable sample area to one MODIS pixel is chosen in a high resolution image (a pixel in MODIS corresponds to many pixels in a high-resolution image), after which image classification is conducted in each sample area. Finally, reflectance is measured for each class in each area. Taking the ratio of every class area to each sample area as the weight, the weighted mean reflectance is then calculated for each sample area (a pixel for MODIS), which is treated as the measured reflectance of the corresponding pixel in the MODIS image. A contradistinctive analysis is carried out between measured reflectance and MODIS retrieval reflectance from the space in order to determine the accuracy of the MODIS land surface reflectance product and correct its error. The experiment indicates that a linear positive correlativity between the MODIS pixel retrieval reflectance from space and the measured (calculated) surface reflectance exists. From this, we can build an error correction model of the MODIS surface reflectance product by linear regression. The accuracy of the MODIS surface reflectance products after error correction is remarkably improved. Likewise, the relative error can be controlled by 10%, thereby satisfying the requirements of various remote sensing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the problem concerning the influence of the index of maximal subgroup or the degree of primitive permutation representation of the finite simple groups on the structure of a group. Let G be a finite group and s be the index of maximal subgroup of the Monster M. In this paper, we prove that there exists an epimorphism from G to M or As if G has the primitive permutation representation of degree s, and as a consequence we prove that the Monster is determined by every s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let N be a finite group and G be a finite simple group and let πt(N) and πt(G) be the set of indices of maximal subgroups of groups N and G respectively. If πt(N) ⊆ πt(G), we give the structure of N. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]