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This paper studies the fuzzy $ H_\infty $ H ∞ control of nonlinear DC microgrids subject to the dynamic event-triggered mechanism (ETM), aperiodic DoS attacks, noises and mismatching premises. First, using the information of DC microgrid's T-S fuzzy model and aperiodic DoS attacks, a discrete-time resilient dynamic ETM is proposed, which can save constrained system resources, as well as actively exclude attack-induced dropouts and Zeno behaviour. Second, a fuzzy switched system model is built, which provides a unified platform to evaluate effects of all the affecting factors such as the dynamic ETM and DoS attacks. Third, by constructing a piecewise Lyapunov functional, criteria for exponential stability with guaranteed $ H_\infty $ H ∞ performance are obtained, and an event-triggered fuzzy injection current controller is further designed. Simulation results confirm that, in the presence of aperiodic DoS attacks and noises, the proposed controller can stabilise the nonlinear DC microgrids, while the dynamic ETM works well in reducing the triggering rate without dropouts. Tradeoffs can be made between control and communication resources, and the proposed fuzzy controller achieves shorter settling times and smaller overshoots than the robust controller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cattle are sensitive to temperature fluctuations but adapt well to inclement weather conditions. When environmental temperatures exceed specific thresholds, heat stress becomes a critical concern for cattle. The TRPM2 gene, which resides on cattle chromosome 1 encodes a TRP channel protein, holding a unique capacity to sense temperature changes and facilitate rapid response to avoid heat stress. Here, we utilized the Bovine Genome Variation Database (BGVD) (), and identified a missense mutation site, c.805A > G: p. Met269Val (rs527146862), within the TRPM2 gene. To elucidate the functional assessment of this mutation in temperature adaptation attributes of Chinese cattle, we genotyped 407 samples from 20 distinct breeds representing diverse climatic zones across China. The association analysis incorporates three temperature parameters and revealed compelling insights in terms of allele frequency. Interestingly, the prevalence of the wild-type allele A was notably higher among northern cattle breeds and this trend diminished gradually as observed in southern cattle populations. Conversely, the mutant-type allele G demonstrated a contrasting trend. Moreover, southern cattle exhibited markedly higher frequencies of GG and GA genotypes (P < 0.01). The presence of heterozygous and homozygous mutations appears to confer an enhanced capacity for adaptation to elevated temperatures. These results provide unequivocal correlation evidence between TRPM2 genotypes (AA, GA, GG) and environmental temperature parameters and comprehend the genetic mechanisms governing temperature adaptation in cattle. This provides valuable insights for strategic breed selection across diverse climatic regions, thereby aiding livestock production amid evolving climate challenges. SIMPLE SUMMARY: The TRPM2 gene encodes TRP channel protein that helps animals in combating heat stress. Twenty Chinese local cattle breeds were genotyped, and association analysis was performed. This investigation encompasses the distribution pattern of the missense mutation locus rs527146862 of the TRPM2 gene in southern, northern, and central cattle populations. The results demonstrated a significant relationship between rs527146862 locus and temperature adaptation attributes in Chinese cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PurposeMethodsResultsConclusionsTo describe the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in ophthalmic diseases and its possible future directions.A retrospective review of the literature from PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases (2019–2024).AI assists in cataract diagnosis, classification, preoperative lens calculation, surgical risk, postoperative vision prediction, and follow-up. For glaucoma, AI enhances early diagnosis, progression prediction, and surgical risk assessment. It detects diabetic retinopathy early and predicts treatment effects for diabetic macular edema. AI analyzes fundus images for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) diagnosis and risk prediction. Additionally, AI quantifies and grades vitreous opacities in uveitis. For retinopathy of prematurity, AI facilitates disease classification, predicting disease occurrence and severity. Recently, AI also predicts systemic diseases by analyzing fundus vascular changes.AI has been extensively used in diagnosing, following up, and predicting treatment outcomes for common blinding eye diseases. In addition, it also has a unique role in the prediction of systemic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type I keratin 9 encoded by the KRT9 gene serves an important special function either in the mature palmar and plantar skin tissue. The changes in skin conditions and thickening of the outer layer of the skin may be affected by environmental variables. A missense mutation rs209302038 (NC_037346.1: g.41782870 G > A) was detected in KRT9, which changing the isoleucine into valine. This study aimed to identify the frequency of allele in this locus in Chinese indigenous cattle, and analyze the connection with heat stress. Our results indicated that the frequency of allele A gradually decreases from south to north, while the frequency of G allele showed the opposite pattern. Further analysis of the association of the different genotypes with three climate factors, which showed that the genotypes (GG, GA, AA) were significantly related to climatic conditions (p < 0.01). Therefore, we speculated that the mutation of the rs209302038 in Chinese indigenous cattle might be a genetic marker to detect heat stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historical hybridization between southern indigenous Chinese cattle and banteng has been well-documented and has resulted in gene introgression. Bitter taste receptors were reported in indigenous cattle as a result of introgression from banteng. To determine the level of introgression of the taste 2 receptor member 16 (TAS2R16) gene from banteng into Chinese cattle, two missense mutations in the bovine TAS2R16 gene were examined. Here, we explored the prevalence of the two variants in 28 indigenous Chinese cattle and banteng breeds (comprising 750 individuals) to determine the influence of banteng introgressions on Chinese cattle based on PCR and DNA sequencing. In our study, the two mutant alleles had a higher frequency distribution in southern China with strong geographic distribution, especially in the south-central and southeast areas. In conclusion, this study examines the impact of introgression on the frequency distributions of mutations in variable regions and the subsequent adaptation of Chinese indigenous cattle to different environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel event-triggered dynamic output feedback dissipative control of nonlinear systems under intermittent denial-of-service (DoS) attacks and actuator saturation. Firstly, based on attack information, a secure event-triggered mechanism (ETM) is introduced, which not only saves systems resources but also is Zeno-free and resilient to DoS attacks. Secondly, a switched T–S fuzzy closed-loop system model is built, which unifies the parameters of nonlinear plant, noises, ETM, DoS attacks, switched output feedback fuzzy controller, and actuator saturation all in one framework. Thirdly, low conservative exponential stability criteria are derived while guaranteeing strict (G , H , I) -dissipativity, and hence the relationships between system performance and factors such as DoS attacks, secure ETM, noises and actuator saturation are established. Further, sufficient conditions are given for the co-design of the switched output-based fuzzy controller and the secure ETM. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by numerical examples, achieving over 92% system resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies output-based event-triggered security control of networked T-S fuzzy systems under signal quantisation, actuator saturation and deception attacks governed by a Bernoulli distribution. Firstly, using periodically sampled output of a T-S fuzzy system, a discrete event-triggered mechanism (ETM) is introduced to save network bandwidth, which excludes Zeno behaviour absolutely. Secondly, a closed-loop system model is built, which integrates parameters of the T-S fuzzy plant, the ETM, quantiser, actuator saturation, stochastic attacks, network-induced delays and fuzzy dynamic output feedback controller in a unified framework. Thirdly, sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability of the T-S fuzzy system are obtained, and further a fuzzy output-based security controller is designed. Finally, examples confirm effectiveness of the proposed methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies output-based decentralised event-triggered dissipative control of NCSs under aperiodic DoS attacks. Firstly, to save constrained system resources such as network bandwidth, using information on aperiodic DoS attacks, an output-based decentralised resilient event-triggered mechanism (ETM) is introduced. Secondly, a switched system model is built, which characterises effects of aperiodic DoS attacks, decentralised resilient ETM and disturbances in a unified framework. Thirdly, sufficient conditions are derived such that the system is exponentially stable and strictly (G , H , I) -dissipative, which establish quantitative relationships among aperiodic DoS attacks, decentralised resilient ETM, disturbances and system performance. Further, co-design conditions are presented to compute parameters of switched dynamic output feedback controller and decentralised resilient ETM simultaneously. Finally, examples illustrate effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies output-based resilient control of uncertain networked control systems under denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, resilient event-triggered mechanism (ETM) and quantisation. Firstly, to save constrained system resources such as network bandwidth, using information of DoS attacks and sampled outputs of plant, an output-based resilient ETM is introduced. Secondly, a switched system model is built, which characterises effects of DoS attacks, the resilient ETM, plant uncertainty and quantisation in a unified framework. Thirdly, sufficient conditions for exponential stability are obtained with less conservativeness, which establish quantitative relationships among DoS attacks, the resilient ETM, plant uncertainty, quantisation, dynamic output feedback (DOF) controller and system stability. Further, co-design conditions are presented to compute parameters of the resilient ETM and DOF controller simultaneously. Finally, example illustrates effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high entropy alloy concept offers unique opportunities for the design of advanced materials with unprecedented properties. However, hitherto most of the research efforts are focused on structural materials. Here, by employing the core effect of severe lattice distortion in high entropy alloys, a novel functional NiCuTiHf0.6Zr0.4 high entropy alloy exhibiting intriguing wide-temperature-range perfect superelasticity in a broad temperature range from 263 to 463 K and giant elastocaloric effect with the maximum adiabatic temperature change of 9.3 K is developed. This work opens the door for designing high-performance superelastic and elastocaloric functional materials with the high entropy alloy concept. A novel functional high entropy alloy with intriguing wide-temperature-range perfect superelasticity and giant elastocaloric effect is sucessfully developed by employing the severe lattice distortion which leads to high yield strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies a novel decentralised event-triggeredcontrol for network control systems with communication delays and external disturbances. To overcome the drawbacks that the relative event-triggered mechanism (ETM) generates many events when system is close to the origin and the absolute ETM produces many events when system is far away from the origin, a novel decentralised sampled-data-based ETM is first proposed. By using both local state-dependent and state-independent information, the decentralised ETM can effectively reduce network loads in each channel during the whole operation time. Then, a novel general system model with parameters of the decentralised ETM, communication delays and external disturbances is presented, and sufficient conditions for the ultimately bounded stability and asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system are obtained. Specially, the quantitative relationship between the boundness of the stability region and the parameters of the decentralised ETM is established. Moreover, to overcome the inconvenience of the two-step design method that controllers are required to be given a priori, a co-design scheme is presented to design the decentralised event generators and the output-based controller simultaneously. Finally, numerical examples confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the idea that time-effect deformation can be regarded as a state vector indicating the characteristics of concrete dams, a hydrostatic seasonal state (HSS) model is proposed for improving the accuracy of the data analysis of concrete dams. According to the theory of non-stationary time series, the state equation of the HSS model is represented for objectively extracting the time-effect deformation from monitoring data of total deformation and to interpret its evolution accurately. In this study, the HSS model is applied to an arch dam case, and it is estimated by using the expectation-maximisation algorithm. The results illustrate that the HSS model can efficiently estimate the time-effect deformation from monitoring data of total deformation. Compared with the hydrostatic seasonal time model, the proposed HSS model shows an improvement in fitting precision and prediction ability. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]