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Using the aperture field integral method, near-field behavior of a super-Gaussian beam from a circular aperture is presented. Some analyzing expressions of aperture antenna gain are obtained, both under the focusing condition and in unfocused cases. It has been demonstrated that under the focusing condition, the gain at focus of a circular aperture antenna varies evidently with super-Gaussian parameter m. For the unfocused case, the peak gain of an aperture antenna is achieved when m = 2. Furthermore, radiation patterns of an aperture antenna relate to the observing point position as well as the ratio of the aperture (RAW) to the beam waist. An important finding is that the gain of the aperture antenna can be tuned by varying m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores migrant labor employment channels, the high turnover in the workforce, the huge cost and personal sacrifice of labor migration, and gendered migration in Shenzhen, China. It describes how Shenzhen reaps large profits from the cheap labor provided by migrant workers, many of whom are females working in Shenzhen's export-processing industry. It demonstrates how Shenzhen benefits from new sources of revenue by levying heavy temporary residence fees on migrant workers. It outlines the major reasons for the high turnover rate and why so many migrant workers left Shenzhen after only a few years of work.

This article details the transformation of Shenzhen, China from a small border town that witnessed chronic labor-force flights to Hong Kong in the prereform era into a modern city that attracts white- and blue-collar professionals from all over China. It traces the changes in Shenzhen's resident and nonresident populations from 1979 to 2000 and the age structure of Shenzhen's population. It describes how the establishment of Shenzhen as a special economic zone (SEZ) in 1980 successfully attracted inflows of both foreign capital and interior labor force to accelerate Shenzhen's urbanization and industrialization process, contributing to a unique urban demographic structure in which nonresidents outnumber the residents.

This article explains the relationship between migrant labor force and economic development in Shenzhen, China. The influx of migrant labor has not only provided abundant cheap labor resources for large-scale economic production and urban development, but also sustained Shenzhen's high-speed growth, creating the so-called "Shenzhen speed." At the same time, hiring peasant migrant workers allows companies to adopt more flexible labor practices and this increases productivity. Migrant workers are paid low wages but have to endure long working hours and harsh labor conditions, thus lowering labor costs and allowing enterprises to achieve high profits, and creating the so-called "Shenzhen efficacy" of low-cost investment and high-profit returns.

An introduction to a series of articles about migrant labor in Shenzhen, China is presented.